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CHOWN(8)		    System Manager's Manual		      CHOWN(8)

NAME
       chown --	change file owner and group

SYNOPSIS
       chown [-fhvx] [-R [-H | -L | -P]] owner[:group] file ...
       chown [-fhvx] [-R [-H | -L | -P]] :group	file ...

DESCRIPTION
       The chown utility changes the user ID and/or the	group ID of the	speci-
       fied  files.   Symbolic	links named by arguments are silently left un-
       changed unless -h is used.

       The options are as follows:

       -H      If the -R option	is specified, symbolic links  on  the  command
	       line  are  followed and hence unaffected	by the command.	 (Sym-
	       bolic links encountered during traversal	are not	followed.)

       -L      If the -R option	is specified, all symbolic links are followed.

       -P      If the -R option	is specified, no symbolic links	are  followed.
	       This is the default.

       -R      Change  the user	ID and/or the group ID of the file hierarchies
	       rooted in the files, instead of just the	files themselves.  Be-
	       ware of unintentionally matching	the ".." hard link to the par-
	       ent directory when using	wildcards like ".*".

       -f      Do not report any failure to change file	owner  or  group,  nor
	       modify the exit status to reflect such failures.

       -h      If  the	file is	a symbolic link, change	the user ID and/or the
	       group ID	of the link itself.

       -v      Cause chown to be verbose, showing files	as the owner is	 modi-
	       fied.   If  the -v flag is specified more than once, chown will
	       print the  filename,  followed  by  the	old  and  new  numeric
	       user/group ID.

       -x      File system mount points	are not	traversed.

       The  -H,	 -L  and -P options are	ignored	unless the -R option is	speci-
       fied.  In addition, these options override each other and the command's
       actions are determined by the last one specified.

       The owner and group operands are	both optional, however,	 one  must  be
       specified.  If the group	operand	is specified, it must be preceded by a
       colon (``:'') character.

       The  owner  may	be either a numeric user ID or a user name.  If	a user
       name is also a numeric user ID, the operand is used  as	a  user	 name.
       The group may be	either a numeric group ID or a group name.  If a group
       name is also a numeric group ID,	the operand is used as a group name.

       The ownership of	a file may only	be altered by a	super-user for obvious
       security	reasons.

       If  chown  receives  a  SIGINFO	signal	(see  the  status argument for
       stty(1)), then the current filename as well as the  old	and  new  file
       owner and group are displayed.

EXIT STATUS
       The chown utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error	occurs.

COMPATIBILITY
       Previous	 versions  of the chown	utility	used the dot (``.'') character
       to distinguish the group	name.  This has	been changed  to  be  a	 colon
       (``:'')	character  so  that  user  and group names may contain the dot
       character.

       On previous versions of this system, symbolic links did not  have  own-
       ers.

       The  -v and -x options are non-standard and their use in	scripts	is not
       recommended.

SEE ALSO
       chgrp(1), chmod(1), find(1), chown(2), fts(3), symlink(7)

STANDARDS
       The chown utility is expected to	be IEEE	Std 1003.2 ("POSIX.2") compli-
       ant.

HISTORY
       A chown utility appeared	in Version 1 AT&T UNIX.

FreeBSD	13.2			August 24, 2022			      CHOWN(8)

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | EXIT STATUS | COMPATIBILITY | SEE ALSO | STANDARDS | HISTORY

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