Skip site navigation
(1)
Skip section navigation
(2)
Header And Logo
Peripheral Links
.
Donate to FreeBSD
.
Search
Site Navigation
Home
About
Introduction
Features
Advocacy
Marketing
Get FreeBSD
Release Information
Release Engineering
Documentation
FAQ
Handbook
Porter's Handbook
Developer's Handbook
Manual Pages
Documentation Project Primer
All Books and Articles
Community
Mailing Lists
Forums
User Groups
Events
Developers
Project Ideas
GIT Repository
Support
Vendors
Security Information
Bug Reports
Submit Bug-report
Foundation
Donate
FreeBSD Manual Pages
man
apropos
All Sections
1 - General Commands
2 - System Calls
3 - Subroutines
4 - Special Files
5 - File Formats
6 - Games
7 - Macros and Conventions
8 - Maintenance Commands
9 - Kernel Interface
n - New Commands
FreeBSD 16.0-CURRENT
FreeBSD 15.0-STABLE
FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE
FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 14.3-STABLE
FreeBSD 14.2-RELEASE
FreeBSD 14.2-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 14.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 14.1-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 13.5-RELEASE
FreeBSD 13.5-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 13.5-STABLE
FreeBSD 13.4-RELEASE
FreeBSD 13.4-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 13.3-RELEASE
FreeBSD 13.3-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 13.2-RELEASE
FreeBSD 13.2-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 13.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD 13.0-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 12.4-RELEASE
FreeBSD 12.4-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 12.3-RELEASE
FreeBSD 12.3-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 12.2-RELEASE
FreeBSD 12.2-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 11.4-RELEASE
FreeBSD 11.4-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 11.3-RELEASE
FreeBSD 11.3-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 11.2-RELEASE
FreeBSD 11.2-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 11.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 11.1-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 10.4-RELEASE
FreeBSD 10.4-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE
FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 10.2-RELEASE
FreeBSD 10.2-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 10.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 10.1-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 9.3-RELEASE
FreeBSD 9.3-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE
FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 8.4-RELEASE
FreeBSD 8.4-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 8.3-RELEASE
FreeBSD 8.3-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 8.2-RELEASE
FreeBSD 8.2-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 8.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD 8.0-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 7.4-RELEASE
FreeBSD 7.4-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 7.3-RELEASE
FreeBSD 7.3-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 7.2-RELEASE
FreeBSD 7.2-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 7.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 7.1-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 7.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD 6.4-RELEASE
FreeBSD 6.4-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE
FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE
FreeBSD 6.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 6.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD 6.0-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE
FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE
FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE
FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 5.2.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 5.2.1-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 5.2-RELEASE
FreeBSD 5.2-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 5.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD 4.11-RELEASE
FreeBSD 4.11-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 4.10-RELEASE
FreeBSD 4.10-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE
FreeBSD 4.9-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE
FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE
FreeBSD 4.6.2-RELEASE
FreeBSD 4.6.2-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 4.6-RELEASE
FreeBSD 4.6-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 4.5-RELEASE
FreeBSD 4.5-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 4.4-RELEASE
FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE
FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 4.2-RELEASE
FreeBSD 4.2-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 4.1.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 4.1.1-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 4.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 4.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD 3.5.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 3.5.1-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 3.5-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 3.4-RELEASE
FreeBSD 3.4-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 3.3-RELEASE
FreeBSD 3.2-RELEASE
FreeBSD 3.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 3.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD 2.2.8-RELEASE
FreeBSD 2.2.8-RELEASE and Ports
FreeBSD 2.2.7-RELEASE
FreeBSD 2.2.6-RELEASE
FreeBSD 2.2.5-RELEASE
FreeBSD 2.2.2-RELEASE
FreeBSD 2.2.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 2.1.7.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 2.1.6.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 2.1.5-RELEASE
FreeBSD 2.1.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD 2.0.5-RELEASE
FreeBSD 2.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD 1.1.5.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 1.1-RELEASE
FreeBSD 1.0-RELEASE
FreeBSD Ports 14.3
FreeBSD Ports 14.3.quarterly
FreeBSD Ports 14.2
FreeBSD Ports 14.1
FreeBSD Ports 14.0
FreeBSD Ports 13.5
FreeBSD Ports 13.4
FreeBSD Ports 13.3
FreeBSD Ports 13.2
FreeBSD Ports 13.1
FreeBSD Ports 13.0
FreeBSD Ports 12.4
FreeBSD Ports 12.3
FreeBSD Ports 12.2
FreeBSD Ports 12.1
FreeBSD Ports 12.0
FreeBSD Ports 11.4
FreeBSD Ports 11.3
FreeBSD Ports 11.2
FreeBSD Ports 11.1
FreeBSD Ports 11.0
FreeBSD Ports 10.4
FreeBSD Ports 10.3
FreeBSD Ports 10.2
FreeBSD Ports 10.1
FreeBSD Ports 10.0
FreeBSD Ports 9.3
FreeBSD Ports 9.2
FreeBSD Ports 9.1
FreeBSD Ports 9.0
FreeBSD Ports 8.4
FreeBSD Ports 8.3
FreeBSD Ports 8.2
FreeBSD Ports 8.1
FreeBSD Ports 8.0
FreeBSD Ports 7.4
FreeBSD Ports 7.3
FreeBSD Ports 7.2
FreeBSD Ports 7.1
FreeBSD Ports 7.0
FreeBSD Ports 6.4
FreeBSD Ports 6.3
FreeBSD Ports 6.2
FreeBSD Ports 6.0
FreeBSD Ports 5.5
FreeBSD Ports 5.4
FreeBSD Ports 5.3
FreeBSD Ports 5.2.1
FreeBSD Ports 5.2
FreeBSD Ports 5.1
FreeBSD Ports 4.11
FreeBSD Ports 4.10
FreeBSD Ports 4.9
FreeBSD Ports 4.8
FreeBSD Ports 4.7
FreeBSD Ports 4.6.2
FreeBSD Ports 4.6
FreeBSD Ports 4.5
FreeBSD Ports 4.3
FreeBSD Ports 4.2
FreeBSD Ports 4.1.1
FreeBSD Ports 3.5.1
FreeBSD Ports 3.5
FreeBSD Ports 3.4
FreeBSD Ports 2.2.8
4.4BSD Lite2
4.3BSD NET/2
4.3BSD Reno
2.11 BSD
2.10 BSD
2.9.1 BSD
2.8 BSD
386BSD 0.1
386BSD 0.0
CentOS 7.9
CentOS 7.8
CentOS 7.7
CentOS 7.6
CentOS 7.5
CentOS 7.4
CentOS 7.3
CentOS 7.2
CentOS 7.1
CentOS 7.0
CentOS 6.10
CentOS 6.9
CentOS 6.8
CentOS 6.7
CentOS 6.6
CentOS 6.5
CentOS 6.4
CentOS 6.3
CentOS 6.2
CentOS 6.1
CentOS 6.0
CentOS 5.11
CentOS 5.10
CentOS 5.9
CentOS 5.8
CentOS 5.7
CentOS 5.6
CentOS 5.5
CentOS 5.4
CentOS 4.8
CentOS 3.9
Darwin 8.0.1/ppc
Darwin 7.0.1
Darwin 6.0.2/x86
Darwin 1.4.1/x86
Darwin 1.3.1/x86
Debian 14.0 unstable
Debian 13.1.0
Debian 12.11.0
Debian 11.11.0
Debian 10.13.0
Debian 9.13.0
Debian 8.11.1
Debian 7.11.0
Debian 6.0.10
Debian 5.0.10
Debian 4.0.9
Debian 3.1.8
Debian 2.2.7
Debian 2.0.0
Dell UNIX SVR4 2.2
DragonFly 6.4.0
DragonFly 5.8.3
DragonFly 4.8.1
DragonFly 3.8.2
DragonFly 2.10.1
DragonFly 1.12.1
DragonFly 1.0A
HP-UX 11.22
HP-UX 11.20
HP-UX 11.11
HP-UX 11.00
HP-UX 10.20
HP-UX 10.10
HP-UX 10.01
HP-UX 9.07
HP-UX 8.07
Inferno 4th Edition
IRIX 6.5.30
Linux Slackware 3.1
MACH 2.5/i386
macOS 26.0
macOS 15.7
macOS 14.8
macOS 13.6.5
macOS 12.7.3
macOS 11.1
macOS 10.15.0
macOS 10.13.6
macOS 10.12.0
Minix 3.3.0
Minix 3.2.1
Minix 3.2.0
Minix 3.1.7
Minix 3.1.6
Minix 3.1.5
Minix 2.0.0
NetBSD 10.1
NetBSD 10.0
NetBSD 9.4
NetBSD 9.3
NetBSD 9.2
NetBSD 9.1
NetBSD 9.0
NetBSD 8.2
NetBSD 8.1
NetBSD 8.0
NetBSD 7.1
NetBSD 7.0
NetBSD 6.1.5
NetBSD 6.0
NetBSD 5.1
NetBSD 5.0
NetBSD 4.0.1
NetBSD 4.0
NetBSD 3.1
NetBSD 3.0
NetBSD 2.1
NetBSD 2.0.2
NetBSD 2.0
NetBSD 1.6.2
NetBSD 1.6.1
NetBSD 1.6
NetBSD 1.5.3
NetBSD 1.5.2
NetBSD 1.5.1
NetBSD 1.5
NetBSD 1.4.3
NetBSD 1.4.2
NetBSD 1.4.1
NetBSD 1.4
NetBSD 1.3.3
NetBSD 1.3.2
NetBSD 1.3.1
NetBSD 1.3
NetBSD 1.2.1
NetBSD 1.2
NetBSD 1.1
NetBSD 1.0
NeXTSTEP 3.3
OpenBSD 7.7
OpenBSD 7.6
OpenBSD 7.5
OpenBSD 7.4
OpenBSD 7.3
OpenBSD 7.2
OpenBSD 7.1
OpenBSD 7.0
OpenBSD 6.9
OpenBSD 6.8
OpenBSD 6.7
OpenBSD 6.6
OpenBSD 6.5
OpenBSD 6.4
OpenBSD 6.3
OpenBSD 6.2
OpenBSD 6.1
OpenBSD 6.0
OpenBSD 5.9
OpenBSD 5.8
OpenBSD 5.7
OpenBSD 5.6
OpenBSD 5.5
OpenBSD 5.4
OpenBSD 5.3
OpenBSD 5.2
OpenBSD 5.1
OpenBSD 5.0
OpenBSD 4.9
OpenBSD 4.8
OpenBSD 4.7
OpenBSD 4.6
OpenBSD 4.5
OpenBSD 4.4
OpenBSD 4.3
OpenBSD 4.2
OpenBSD 4.1
OpenBSD 4.0
OpenBSD 3.9
OpenBSD 3.8
OpenBSD 3.7
OpenBSD 3.6
OpenBSD 3.5
OpenBSD 3.4
OpenBSD 3.3
OpenBSD 3.2
OpenBSD 3.1
OpenBSD 3.0
OpenBSD 2.9
OpenBSD 2.8
OpenBSD 2.7
OpenBSD 2.6
OpenBSD 2.5
OpenBSD 2.4
OpenBSD 2.3
OpenBSD 2.2
OpenBSD 2.1
OpenBSD 2.0
OpenDarwin 7.2.1
OpenDarwin 6.6.2/x86
OpenDarwin 6.6.1/x86
OpenDarwin 20030208pre4/ppc
OpenIndiana 2024.10
OpenIndiana 2022.10
OpenIndiana 2020.10
OpenIndiana 2017.10
OpenIndiana 2015.10
OpenIndiana 2013.08
OpenSolaris 2010.03
OpenSolaris 2009.06
OpenStep 4.2
openSUSE 42.3
openSUSE 42.2
openSUSE 42.1
openSUSE 16.0
openSUSE 15.6
openSUSE 15.5
openSUSE 15.4
openSUSE 15.3
openSUSE 15.2
openSUSE 15.1
openSUSE 15.0
openSUSE 13.2
openSUSE 13.1
openSUSE 11.4
openSUSE 11.3
openSUSE 11.2
openSUSE 10.3
openSUSE 10.2
OSF1 V5.1/alpha
OSF1 V4.0/alpha
OSF1 V1.0/mips
Plan 9
Red Hat 9.0
Red Hat 8.0
Red Hat 7.3
Red Hat 7.2
Red Hat 7.1
Red Hat 7.0
Red Hat 6.2
Red Hat 6.1
Red Hat 5.2
Red Hat 5.0
Red Hat 4.2
Rhapsody DR1
Rhapsody DR2
Rocky 10.0
Rocky 9.6
Rocky 9.5
Rocky 9.4
Rocky 9.3
Rocky 9.2
Rocky 9.1
Rocky 9.0
Rocky 8.10
Rocky 8.9
Rocky 8.8
Rocky 8.7
Rocky 8.6
Rocky 8.5
Rocky 8.4
Rocky 8.3
Sun UNIX 0.4
SunOS 5.10
SunOS 5.9
SunOS 5.8
SunOS 5.7
SunOS 5.6
SunOS 5.5.1
SunOS 4.1.3
SuSE 11.3
SuSE 11.2
SuSE 11.1
SuSE 11.0
SuSE 10.3
SuSE 10.2
SuSE 10.1
SuSE 10.0
SuSE 9.3
SuSE 9.2
SuSE 8.2
SuSE 8.1
SuSE 8.0
SuSE 7.3
SuSE 7.2
SuSE 7.1
SuSE 7.0
SuSE 6.4
SuSE 6.3
SuSE 6.1
SuSE 6.0
SuSE 5.3
SuSE 5.2
SuSE 5.0
SuSE 4.3
SuSE ES 10 SP1
Ubuntu 24.04 noble
Ubuntu 23.10 mantic
Ubuntu 22.04 jammy
Ubuntu 20.04 focal
Ubuntu 18.04 bionic
Ubuntu 16.04 xenial
Ubuntu 14.04 trusty
ULTRIX 4.2
Ultrix-32 2.0/VAX
Unix Seventh Edition
X11R7.4
X11R7.3.2
X11R7.2
X11R6.9.0
X11R6.8.2
X11R6.7.0
XFree86 4.8.0
XFree86 4.7.0
XFree86 4.6.0
XFree86 4.5.0
XFree86 4.4.0
XFree86 4.3.0
XFree86 4.2.99.3
XFree86 4.2.0
XFree86 4.1.0
XFree86 4.0.2
XFree86 4.0.1
XFree86 4.0
XFree86 3.3.6
XFree86 3.3
XFree86 2.1
All Architectures
html
pdf
ascii
home
|
help
rc.subr(8)
functions used by system shell scripts
home
|
help
