GPTBOOT(8) System Manager's Manual GPTBOOT(8) NAME gptboot -- GPT bootcode for UFS on BIOS-based computers DESCRIPTION gptboot is used on BIOS-based computers to boot from a UFS partition on a GPT-partitioned disk. gptboot is installed in a freebsd-boot partition with gpart(8). For UEFI, gptboot.efi(8) is used instead. While conceptu- ally similar, the details differ. When it starts, gptboot first reads the GPT and determines which drive and partition to boot from, as described under "BOOTING", below. If it does not find an eligible partition, or if the user hits a key within three sec- onds, gptboot switches from auto-boot to interactive mode. Interactive mode allows manual selection of the disk, partition, filename, and boot op- tion flags, as described in boot(8). IMPLEMENTATION NOTES The GPT standard allows a variable number of partitions, but gptboot only boots from tables with 128 partitions or less. PARTITION ATTRIBUTES gptboot checks and manages several attributes of GPT UFS partitions. bootme Attempt to boot from this partition. If more than one parti- tion has the bootme attribute set, gptboot will attempt to boot each one until successful. bootonce Attempt to boot from this partition only one time. Setting this attribute with gpart(8) automatically also sets the bootme attribute. Multiple partitions may have the bootonce and bootme attributes set. bootfailed The bootfailed attribute marks partitions that had the bootonce attribute set, but failed to boot. This attribute is managed by the system. See "BOOTING" and "POST-BOOT ACTIONS" below for details. USAGE For normal usage, the user does not have to set or manage any of the parti- tion attributes. gptboot will boot from the first UFS partition found. The bootonce attribute can be used for testing an upgraded operating system on an already-working computer. The existing system partition is left un- touched, and the new version of the operating system to be tested is in- stalled on another partition. The bootonce attribute is set on that new test partition. The next boot is attempted from the test partition. Suc- cess or failure will be shown in the system log files. After a successful boot of the test partition, a user script can check the logs and change the bootme attributes so the test partition becomes the new system partition. Because the bootonce attribute is cleared after an attempted boot, a failed boot will not leave the system attempting to boot from a partition that will never succeed. Instead, the system will boot from the older, known- working operating system that has not been modified. If the bootme at- tribute is set on any partitions, booting will be attempted from them first. If no partitions with bootme attributes are found, booting will be attempted from the first UFS partition found. BOOTING gptboot first reads the partition table. All freebsd-ufs partitions with only the bootonce attribute set, indicating a failed boot, are set to bootfailed. gptboot then scans through all of the freebsd-ufs partitions. Boot behavior depends on the combination of bootme and bootonce attributes set on those partitions. bootonce + bootme Highest priority: booting is attempted from each of the freebsd-ufs partitions with both of these at- tributes. On each partition, the bootme attribute is removed and the boot attempted. bootme Middle priority: booting is attempted from each of the freebsd-ufs partitions with the bootme at- tribute. If neither bootonce nor bootme attributes are found on any partitions, booting is attempted from the first freebsd-ufs partition on the disk. POST-BOOT ACTIONS The startup script /etc/rc.d/gptboot checks the attributes of freebsd-ufs partitions on all GPT disks. Partitions with the bootfailed attribute gen- erate a "boot from X failed" system log message. Partitions with only the bootonce attribute, indicating a partition that successfully booted, gener- ate a "boot from X succeeded" system log message. The bootfailed attrib- utes are cleared from all the partitions. The bootonce attribute is cleared from the partition that successfully booted. There is normally only one of these. FILES /boot/gptboot bootcode binary /boot.config parameters for the boot blocks (optional) EXAMPLES gptboot is installed in a freebsd-boot partition, usually the first parti- tion on the disk. A "protective MBR" (see gpart(8)) is typically installed in combination with gptboot. Install gptboot on the ada0 drive: gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptboot -i 1 ada0 gptboot can also be installed without the PMBR: gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptboot -i 1 ada0 Set the bootme attribute for partition 2: gpart set -a bootme -i 2 ada0 Set the bootonce attribute for partition 2, automatically also setting the bootme attribute: gpart set -a bootonce -i 2 ada0 SEE ALSO boot.config(5), rc.conf(5), boot(8), gpart(8) HISTORY gptboot appeared in FreeBSD 7.1. AUTHORS This manual page was written by Warren Block <wblock@FreeBSD.org>. FreeBSD 15.1 March 18, 2022 GPTBOOT(8)
NAME | DESCRIPTION | IMPLEMENTATION NOTES | PARTITION ATTRIBUTES | USAGE | BOOTING | POST-BOOT ACTIONS | FILES | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | HISTORY | AUTHORS
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