FreeBSD Manual Pages
DIG(1) BSD Reference Manual DIG(1) NAME dig - send domain name query packets to name servers SYNOPSIS dig [@server] domain [<query-type>] [<query-class>] [+<query-option>] [-<dig-option>] [%comment] DESCRIPTION Dig (domain information groper) is a flexible command line tool which can be used to gather information from the Domain Name System servers. Dig has two modes: simple interactive mode which makes a single query, and batch which executes a query for each in a list of several query lines. All query options are accessible from the command line. The usual simple use of dig will take the form: dig @server domain query-type query-class where: server may be either a domain name or a dot-notation Internet address. If this optional field is omit- ted, dig will attempt to use the default name server for your machine. Note: If a domain name is specified, this will be resolved using the domain name system resolver (i.e., BIND). If your system does not support DNS, you may have to specify a dot-notation address. Alternatively, if there is a server at your dis- posal somewhere, all that is required is that /etc/resolv.conf be present and indicate where the default name servers reside, so that server itself can be resolved. See resolver(5) for infor- mation on /etc/resolv.conf. (WARNING: Changing /etc/resolv.conf will affect the standard resolver library and potentially several programs which use it.) As an option, the user may set the environment variable LOCALRES to name a file which is to be used instead of /etc/resolv.conf (LOCALRES is spe- cific to the dig resolver and not referenced by the standard resolver). If the LOCALRES variable is not set or the file is not readable then /etc/resolv.conf will be used. domain is the domain name for which you are requesting information. See OPTIONS [-x] for convenient way to specify inverse address query. 4.4BSD August 30, 1990 1 DIG(1) BSD Reference Manual DIG(1) query-type is the type of information (DNS query type) that you are requesting. If omitted, the default is "a" (T_A = address). The following types are recog- nized: a T_A network address any T_ANY all/any information about specified domain mx T_MX mail exchanger for the domain ns T_NS name servers soa T_SOA zone of authority record hinfo T_HINFO host information axfr T_AXFR zone transfer (must ask an authoritative server) txt T_TXT arbitrary number of strings (See RFC 1035 for the complete list.) query-class is the network class requested in the query. If omitted, the default is "in" (C_IN = Internet). The following classes are recognized: in C_IN Internet class domain any C_ANY all/any class information (See RFC 1035 for the complete list.) Note: "Any" can be used to specify a class and/or a type of query. Dig will parse the first occurrence of "any" to mean query-type = T_ANY. To specify query-class = C_ANY you must either specify "any" twice, or set query-class using "-c" option (see below). OTHER OPTIONS %ignored-comment "%" is used to included an argument that is simply not parsed. This may be useful if running dig in batch mode. Instead of resolving every @server- domain-name in a list of queries, you can avoid the overhead of doing so, and still have the domain name on the command line as a reference. Example: dig @128.9.0.32 %venera.isi.edu mx isi.edu -<dig option> "-" is used to specify an option which effects the operation of dig. The following options are 4.4BSD August 30, 1990 2 DIG(1) BSD Reference Manual DIG(1) currently available (although not guaranteed to be useful): -x dot-notation-address Convenient form to specify inverse address mapping. Instead of "dig 32.0.9.128.in- addr.arpa" one can simply "dig -x 128.9.0.32". -f file File for dig batch mode. The file contains a list of query specifications (dig command lines) which are to be executed succes- sively. Lines beginning with ';', '#', or '\n' are ignored. Other options may still appear on command line, and will be in effect for each batch query. -T time Time in seconds between start of successive queries when running in batch mode. Can be used to keep two or more batch dig commands running roughly in sync. Default is zero. -p port Port number. Query a name server listening to a non-standard port number. Default is 53. -P[ping-string] After query returns, execute a ping(8) com- mand for response time comparison. This rather unelegantly makes a call to the shell. The last three lines of statistics is printed for the command: ping -s server_name 56 3 If the optional "ping string" is present, it replaces "ping -s" in the shell command. -t query-type Specify type of query. May specify either an integer value to be included in the type field or use the abbreviated mnemonic as discussed above (i.e., mx = T_MX). -c query-class Specify class of query. May specify either an integer value to be included in the class field or use the abbreviated mnemonic as 4.4BSD August 30, 1990 3 DIG(1) BSD Reference Manual DIG(1) discussed above (i.e., in = C_IN). -envsav This flag specifies that the dig environment (defaults, print options, etc.), after all of the arguments are parsed, should be saved to a file to become the default environment. Useful if you do not like the standard set of defaults and do not desire to include a large number of options each time dig is used. The environment consists of resolver state variable flags, timeout, and retries as well as the flags detailing dig output (see below). If the shell environment vari- able LOCALDEF is set to the name of a file, this is where the default dig environment is saved. If not, the file "DiG.env" is created in the current working directory. Note: LOCALDEF is specific to the dig resolver, and will not affect operation of the standard resolver library. Each time dig is executed, it looks for "./DiG.env" or the file specified by the shell environment variable LOCALDEF. If such file exists and is readable, then the envi- ronment is restored from this file before any arguments are parsed. -envset This flag only affects batch query runs. When "-envset" is specified on a line in a dig batch file, the dig environment after the arguments are parsed, becomes the default environment for the duration of the batch file, or until the next line which specifies "-envset". -[no]stick This flag only affects batch query runs. It specifies that the dig environment (as read initially or set by "-envset" switch) is to be restored before each query (line) in a dig batch file. The default "-nostick" means that the dig environment does not stick, hence options specified on a single line in a dig batch file will remain in effect for subsequent lines (i.e. they are not restored to the "sticky" default). 4.4BSD August 30, 1990 4 DIG(1) BSD Reference Manual DIG(1) +<query option> "+" is used to specify an option to be changed in the query packet or to change dig output specifics. Many of these are the same parameters accepted by nslookup(1). If an option requires a parameter, the form is as follows: +keyword[=value] Most keywords can be abbreviated. Parsing of the "+" options is very simplistic -- a value must not be separated from its keyword by white space. The following keywords are currently available: Keyword Abbrev. Meaning [default] [no]debug (deb) turn on/off debugging mode [deb] [no]d2 turn on/off extra debugging mode [nod2] [no]recurse (rec) use/don't use recursive lookup [rec] retry=# (ret) set number of retries to # [4] time=# (ti) set timeout length to # seconds [4] [no]ko keep open option (implies vc) [noko] [no]vc use/don't use virtual circuit [novc] [no]defname (def) use/don't use default domain name [def] [no]search (sea) use/don't use domain search list [sea] domain=NAME (do) set default domain name to NAME [no]ignore (i) ignore/don't ignore trunc. errors [noi] [no]primary (pr) use/don't use primary server [nopr] [no]aaonly (aa) authoritative query only flag [noaa] [no]sort (sor) sort resource records [nosor] [no]cmd echo parsed arguments [cmd] [no]stats (st) print query statistics [st] [no]Header (H) print basic header [H] [no]header (he) print header flags [he] [no]ttlid (tt) print TTLs [tt] [no]cl print class info [nocl] [no]qr print outgoing query [noqr] [no]reply (rep) print reply [rep] [no]ques (qu) print question section [qu] [no]answer (an) print answer section [an] [no]author (au) print authoritative section [au] [no]addit (ad) print additional section [ad] pfdef set to default print flags pfmin set to minimal default print flags pfset=# set print flags to # (# can be hex/octal/decimal) pfand=# bitwise and print flags with # pfor=# bitwise or print flags with # The retry and time options affect the retransmis- sion strategy used by resolver library when sending 4.4BSD August 30, 1990 5 DIG(1) BSD Reference Manual DIG(1) datagram queries. The algorithm is as follows: for i = 0 to retry - 1 for j = 1 to num_servers send_query wait((time * (2**i)) / num_servers) end end (Note: dig always uses a value of 1 for num_servers.) DETAILS Dig once required a slightly modified version of the BIND resolver(3) library. BIND's resolver has (as of BIND 4.9) been augmented to work properly with Dig. Essentially, Dig is a straight-forward (albeit not pretty) effort of parsing arguments and setting appropriate parameters. Dig uses resolver routines res_init(), res_mkquery(), res_send() as well as accessing _res structure. FILES /etc/resolv.conf initial domain name and name server addresses ENVIRONMENT LOCALRES file to use in place of /etc/resolv.conf LOCALDEF default environment file AUTHOR Steve Hotz hotz@isi.edu ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Dig uses functions from nslookup(1) authored by Andrew Cherenson. BUGS Dig has a serious case of "creeping featurism" -- the result of considering several potential uses during it's development. It would probably benefit from a rigorous diet. Similarly, the print flags and granularity of the items they specify make evident their rather ad hoc gene- sis. Dig does not consistently exit nicely (with appropriate status) when a problem occurs somewhere in the resolver (NOTE: most of the common exit cases are handled). This is particularly annoying when running in batch mode. If it exits abnormally (and is not caught), the entire batch aborts; when such an event is trapped, dig simply contin- ues with the next query. 4.4BSD August 30, 1990 6 DIG(1) BSD Reference Manual DIG(1) SEE ALSO named(8), resolver(3), resolver(5), nslookup(1) 4.4BSD August 30, 1990 7
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OTHER OPTIONS | DETAILS | FILES | ENVIRONMENT | AUTHOR | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | BUGS | SEE ALSO
Want to link to this manual page? Use this URL:
<https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dig&manpath=4.4BSD+Lite2>