FreeBSD Manual Pages
NETGROUP(5) File Formats Manual NETGROUP(5) NAME netgroup -- defines network groups SYNOPSIS netgroup DESCRIPTION The netgroup file specifies ``netgroups'', which are sets of (host, user, domain) tuples that are to be given similar network access. Each line in the file consists of a netgroup name followed by a list of the members of the netgroup. Each member can be either the name of another netgroup or a specification of a tuple as follows: (host, user, domain) where the host, user, and domain are character string names for the corre- sponding component. Any of the comma separated fields may be empty to specify a ``wildcard'' value or may consist of the string ``-'' to specify ``no valid value''. The members of the list may be separated by whitespace and/or commas; the ``\'' character may be used at the end of a line to specify line continuation. Lines are limited to 1024 characters. The functions specified in getnetgrent(3) should normally be used to access the netgroup database. Lines that begin with a # are treated as comments. NIS/YP INTERACTION On most other platforms, netgroups are only used in conjunction with NIS and local /etc/netgroup files are ignored. With FreeBSD, netgroups can be used with either NIS or local files, but there are certain caveats to con- sider. The existing netgroup system is extremely inefficient where in- netgr(3) lookups are concerned since netgroup memberships are computed on the fly. By contrast, the NIS netgroup database consists of three separate maps (netgroup, netgroup.byuser and netgroup.byhost) that are keyed to al- low innetgr(3) lookups to be done quickly. The FreeBSD netgroup system can interact with the NIS netgroup maps in the following ways: * If the /etc/netgroup file does not exist, or it exists and is empty, or it exists and contains only a `+', and NIS is running, netgroup lookups will be done exclusively through NIS, with in- netgr(3) taking advantage of the netgroup.byuser and netgroup.by- host maps to speed up searches. (This is more or less compatible with the behavior of SunOS and similar platforms.) * If the /etc/netgroup exists and contains only local netgroup in- formation (with no NIS `+' token), then only the local netgroup information will be processed (and NIS will be ignored). * If /etc/netgroup exists and contains both local netgroup data and the NIS `+' token, the local data and the NIS netgroup map will be processed as a single combined netgroup database. While this configuration is the most flexible, it is also the least effi- cient: in particular, innetgr(3) lookups will be especially slow if the database is large. FILES /etc/netgroup the netgroup database COMPATIBILITY The file format is compatible with that of various vendors, however it ap- pears that not all vendors use an identical format. SEE ALSO getnetgrent(3), exports(5) BUGS The interpretation of access restrictions based on the member tuples of a netgroup is left up to the various network applications. Also, it is not obvious how the domain specification applies to the BSD environment. The netgroup database should be stored in the form of a hashed db(3) data- base just like the passwd(5) database to speed up reverse lookups. FreeBSD ports 15.1 December 11, 1993 NETGROUP(5)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | NIS/YP INTERACTION | FILES | COMPATIBILITY | SEE ALSO | BUGS
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