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DU(1) General Commands Manual DU(1) NAME du -- display disk usage statistics SYNOPSIS du [--libxo] [-Aclnx] [-H | -L | -P] [-g | -h | -k | -m] [-a | -s | -d depth] [-B blocksize] [-I mask] [-t threshold] [file ...] DESCRIPTION The du utility displays the file system block usage for each file argument and for each directory in the file hierarchy rooted in each directory argu- ment. If no file is specified, the block usage of the hierarchy rooted in the current directory is displayed. The options are as follows: --libxo Generate output via libxo(3) in a selection of different human and machine readable formats. See xo_options(7) for details on command line arguments. -A Display the apparent size instead of the disk usage. This can be helpful when operating on compressed volumes or sparse files. -B blocksize Calculate block counts in blocksize byte blocks. This is different from the -h, -k, -m, --si and -g options or setting BLOCKSIZE and gives an estimate of how much space the examined file hierarchy would require on a filesystem with the given blocksize. Unless in -A mode, blocksize is rounded up to the next multiple of 512. -H Symbolic links on the command line are followed, symbolic links in file hierarchies are not followed. -I mask Ignore files and directories matching the specified mask. -L Symbolic links on the command line and in file hierarchies are fol- lowed. -P No symbolic links are followed. This is the default. -a Display an entry for each file in a file hierarchy. -c Display a grand total. -d depth Display an entry for all files and directories depth directories deep. -g Display block counts in 1073741824-byte (1 GiB) blocks. -h "Human-readable" output. Use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte and Petabyte based on powers of 1024. -k Display block counts in 1024-byte (1 kiB) blocks. -l If a file has multiple hard links, count its size multiple times. The default behavior of du is to count files with multiple hard links only once. When the -l option is specified, the hard link checks are disabled, and these files are counted (and displayed) as many times as they are found. -m Display block counts in 1048576-byte (1 MiB) blocks. -n Ignore files and directories with user "nodump" flag (UF_NODUMP) set. -r Generate messages about directories that cannot be read, files that cannot be opened, and so on. This is the default case. This op- tion exists solely for conformance with X/Open Portability Guide Issue 4 ("XPG4"). -s Display an entry for each specified file. (Equivalent to -d 0) --si "Human-readable" output. Use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte and Petabyte based on powers of 1000. -t threshold Display only entries for which size exceeds threshold. If threshold is negative, display only entries for which size is less than the absolute value of threshold. -x File system mount points are not traversed. The du utility counts the storage used by symbolic links and not the files they reference unless the -H or -L option is specified. If either the -H or -L option is specified, storage used by any symbolic links which are followed is not counted (or displayed). The -H, -L and -P options override each other and the command's actions are determined by the last one speci- fied. The -h, -k, -m and --si options all override each other; the last one spec- ified determines the block counts used. ENVIRONMENT BLOCKSIZE If the environment variable BLOCKSIZE is set, and the -h, -k, -m or --si options are not specified, the block counts will be dis- played in units of that block size. If BLOCKSIZE is not set, and the -h, -k, -m or --si options are not specified, the block counts will be displayed in 512-byte blocks. EXAMPLES Show disk usage for all files in the current directory. Output is in hu- man-readable form: # du -ah Summarize disk usage in the current directory: # du -hs Summarize disk usage for a specific directory: # du -hs /home Show name and size of all C files in a specific directory. Also display a grand total at the end: # du -ch /usr/src/sys/kern/*.c SEE ALSO df(1), chflags(2), fts(3), libxo(3), symlink(7), xo_options(7), quot(8) STANDARDS The du utility is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 ("POSIX.1") spec- ification. The flags [-ABIPcdghlmnt], [--libxo], [--si], as well as the BLOCKSIZE en- vironment variable, are extensions to that specification. The flag [-r] is accepted but ignored, for compatibility with systems im- plementing the obsolete X/Open Commands and Utilities Issue 5 ("XCU5") standard. HISTORY The du utility and its -a and -s options first appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX. The -r option first appeared in AT&T System III UNIX and is available since FreeBSD 3.5. The -k and -x options first appeared in 4.3BSD-Reno and -H in 4.4BSD. The -c and -L options first appeared in the GNU fileutils; -L and -P are available since 4.4BSD Lite1, -c since FreeBSD 2.2.6. The -d option first appeared in FreeBSD 2.2, -h first appeared in FreeBSD 4.0. AUTHORS This version of du was written by Chris Newcomb for 4.3BSD-Reno in 1989. FreeBSD ports 15.quarterly April 15, 2026 DU(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | ENVIRONMENT | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | STANDARDS | HISTORY | AUTHORS
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