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G_BIO(9) Kernel Developer's Manual G_BIO(9) NAME g_new_bio, g_clone_bio, g_destroy_bio, g_format_bio, g_print_bio, g_reset_bio -- GEOM bio controlling functions SYNOPSIS #include <sys/bio.h> #include <geom/geom.h> struct bio * g_new_bio(void); struct bio * g_alloc_bio(void); struct bio * g_clone_bio(struct bio *bp); struct bio * g_duplicate_bio(struct bio *bp); void g_destroy_bio(struct bio *bp); void g_format_bio(struct sbuf *sb, const struct bio *bp); void g_print_bio(struct sbuf *sb, const char *prefix, const struct bio *bp, const char *fmtsuffix, ...); void g_reset_bio(struct bio *bp); DESCRIPTION A struct bio is used by GEOM to describe I/O requests, its most important fields are described below: bio_cmd I/O request command. There are five I/O requests available in GEOM: BIO_READ A read request. BIO_WRITE A write request. BIO_DELETE Indicates that a certain range of data is no longer used and that it can be erased or freed as the underlying technology supports. Tech- nologies like flash adaptation layers can arrange to erase the relevant blocks before they will become reassigned and cryptographic devices may want to fill random bits into the range to reduce the amount of data available for attack. BIO_GETATTR Inspect and manipulate out-of-band attributes on a particular provider or path. Attributes are named by ascii strings and are stored in the bio_attribute field. BIO_FLUSH Tells underlying providers to flush their write caches. bio_flags Available flags: BIO_ERROR Request failed (error value is stored in bio_error field). BIO_DONE Request finished. bio_cflags Private use by the consumer. bio_pflags Private use by the provider. bio_offset Offset into provider. bio_data Pointer to data buffer. bio_error Error value when BIO_ERROR is set. bio_done Pointer to function which will be called when the request is finished. bio_driver1 Private use by the provider. bio_driver2 Private use by the provider. bio_caller1 Private use by the consumer. bio_caller2 Private use by the consumer. bio_attribute Attribute string for BIO_GETATTR request. bio_from Consumer to use for request (attached to provider stored in bio_to field) (typically read-only for a class). bio_to Destination provider (typically read-only for a class). bio_length Request length in bytes. bio_completed Number of bytes completed, but they may not be completed from the front of the request. bio_children Number of bio clones (typically read-only for a class). bio_inbed Number of finished bio clones. bio_parent Pointer to parent bio. The g_new_bio() function allocates a new, empty bio structure. g_alloc_bio() - same as g_new_bio(), but always succeeds (allocates bio with the M_WAITOK malloc flag). The g_clone_bio() function allocates a new bio structure and copies the following fields from the bio given as an argument to clone: bio_cmd, bio_length, bio_offset, bio_data, bio_attribute. The field bio_parent in the clone points to the passed bio and the field bio_children in the passed bio is incremented. This function should be used for every request which enters through the provider of a particular geom and needs to be scheduled down. Proper order is: 1. Clone the received struct bio. 2. Modify the clone. 3. Schedule the clone on its own consumer. g_duplicate_bio() - same as g_clone_bio(), but always succeeds (allocates bio with the M_WAITOK malloc flag). The g_destroy_bio() function deallocates and destroys the given bio struc- ture. The g_format_bio() function prints information about the given bio struc- ture into the provided sbuf. The g_print_bio() function is a convenience wrapper around g_format_bio() that can be used for debugging purposes. It prints a provided prefix string, followed by the formatted bio, followed by a fmtsuffix in the style of printf(9). Any of the prefix or suffix strings may be the empty string. g_print_bio() always prints a newline character at the end of the line. The g_reset_bio() function resets the given bio structure back to its ini- tial state. g_reset_bio() preserves internal data structures, while set- ting all user visible fields to their initial values. When reusing a bio obtained from g_new_bio(), g_alloc_bio(), g_clone_bio(), or g_dupli- cate_bio() for multiple transactions, g_reset_bio() must be called between the transactions in lieu of bzero(). While not strictly required for a bio structure created by other means, g_reset_bio() should be used to initial- ize it and between transactions. RETURN VALUES The g_new_bio() and g_clone_bio() functions return a pointer to the allo- cated bio, or NULL if an error occurred. EXAMPLES Implementation of "NULL-transformation", meaning that an I/O request is cloned and scheduled down without any modifications. Let us assume that field ex_consumer in structure example_softc contains a consumer attached to the provider we want to operate on. void example_start(struct bio *bp) { struct example_softc *sc; struct bio *cbp; g_print_bio("Request received: ", bp, ""); sc = bp->bio_to->geom->softc; if (sc == NULL) { g_io_deliver(bp, ENXIO); return; } /* Let's clone our bio request. */ cbp = g_clone_bio(bp); if (cbp == NULL) { g_io_deliver(bp, ENOMEM); return; } cbp->bio_done = g_std_done; /* Standard 'done' function. */ /* Ok, schedule it down. */ /* * The consumer can be obtained from * LIST_FIRST(&bp->bio_to->geom->consumer) as well, * if there is only one in our geom. */ g_io_request(cbp, sc->ex_consumer); } SEE ALSO dtrace_io(4), geom(4), DECLARE_GEOM_CLASS(9), g_access(9), g_attach(9), g_consumer(9), g_data(9), g_event(9), g_geom(9), g_provider(9), g_provider_by_name(9), g_wither_geom(9) AUTHORS This manual page was written by Pawel Jakub Dawidek <pjd@FreeBSD.org>. FreeBSD ports 15.quarterly October 26, 2025 G_BIO(9)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUES | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | AUTHORS
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