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socat(1) socat(1) NAME socat - Multipurpose relay (SOcket CAT) SYNOPSIS socat [options] <address> <address> socat -V socat -h[h[h]] | -?[?[?]] filan procan DESCRIPTION Socat is a command line based utility that establishes two bidirectional byte streams and transfers data between them. Because the streams can be constructed from a large set of different types of data sinks and sources (see address types), and because lots of address options may be applied to the streams, socat can be used for many different purposes. Filan is a utility that prints information about its active file descrip- tors to stdout. It has been written for debugging socat, but might be use- ful for other purposes too. Use the -h option to find more infos. Procan is a utility that prints information about process parameters to stdout. It has been written to better understand some UNIX process proper- ties and for debugging socat, but might be useful for other purposes too. The life cycle of a socat instance typically consists of four phases. In the init phase, the command line options are parsed and logging is ini- tialized. During the open phase, socat opens the first address and afterwards the second address. These steps are usually blocking; thus, especially for com- plex address types like socks, connection requests or authentication di- alogs must be completed before the next step is started. In the transfer phase, socat watches both streams' read and write file de- scriptors via select() , and, when data is available on one side and can be written to the other side, socat reads it, performs newline character con- versions if required, and writes the data to the write file descriptor of the other stream, then continues waiting for more data in both directions. When one of the streams effectively reaches EOF, the closing phase begins. Socat transfers the EOF condition to the other stream, i.e. tries to shut- down only its write stream, giving it a chance to terminate gracefully. For a defined time socat continues to transfer data in the other direction, but then closes all remaining channels and terminates. OPTIONS Socat provides some command line options that modify the behaviour of the program. They have nothing to do with so called address options that are used as parts of address specifications. -V Print version and available feature information to stdout, and exit. -h | -?Print a help text to stdout describing command line options and available address types, and exit. -hh | -?? Like -h, plus a list of the short names of all available address op- tions. Some options are platform dependent, so this output is help- ful for checking the particular implementation. -hhh | -??? Like -hh, plus a list of all available address option names. -d Without this option, only fatal, error, and warning messages are printed; applying this option also prints notice messages. See DI- AGNOSTICS for more information. -d0 With this option, only fatal and error messages are printed; this restores the behaviour of socat up to version 1.7.4. -d -d | -dd | -d2 Prints fatal, error, warning, and notice messages. -d -d -d | -ddd | -d3 Prints fatal, error, warning, notice, and info messages. -d -d -d -d | -dddd | -d4 Prints fatal, error, warning, notice, info, and debug messages. -D Logs information about file descriptors before starting the transfer phase. --experimental New features that are not well tested or are subject to change in the future must be explicitly enabled using this option. -ly[<facility>] Writes messages to syslog instead of stderr; severity as defined with -d option. With optional <facility>, the syslog type can be se- lected, default is "daemon". Third party libraries might not obey this option. -lf <logfile> Writes messages to <logfile> [filename] instead of stderr. Some third party libraries, in particular libwrap, might not obey this option. -ls Writes messages to stderr (this is the default). Some third party libraries might not obey this option, in particular libwrap appears to only log to syslog. -lp<progname> Overrides the program name printed in error messages and used for constructing environment variable names. -lu Extends the timestamp of error messages to microsecond resolution. Does not work when logging to syslog. -lm[<facility>] Mixed log mode. During startup messages are printed to stderr; when socat starts the transfer phase loop or daemon mode (i.e. after opening all streams and before starting data transfer, or, with lis- tening sockets with fork option, before the first accept call), it switches logging to syslog. With optional <facility>, the syslog type can be selected, default is "daemon". -lh Adds hostname to log messages. Uses the value from environment vari- able HOSTNAME or the value retrieved with uname() if HOSTNAME is not set. -v Writes the transferred data not only to their target streams, but also to stderr. The output format is text with some conversions for readability, and prefixed with "> " or "< " indicating flow direc- tions. -x Writes the transferred data not only to their target streams, but also to stderr. The output format is hexadecimal, prefixed with "> " or "< " indicating flow directions. Can be combined with -v . -r <file> Dumps the raw (binary) data flowing from left to right address to the given file. The file name may contain references to environment variables and $$ (pid), $PROGNAME (see option option -lp), $TIME- STAMP (uses format %Y%m%dT%H%M%S), and MICROS (microseconds of day- time). These references have to be protected from shell expansion of course. -R <file> Dumps the raw (binary) data flowing from right to left address to the given file. See option -r for customization of file name. -b<size> Sets the data transfer block <size> [size_t]. At most <size> bytes are transferred per step. Default is 8192 bytes. -s By default, socat terminates when an error occurred to prevent the process from running when some option could not be applied. With this option, socat is sloppy with errors and tries to continue. Even with this option, socat will exit on fatals, and will abort connec- tion attempts when security checks failed. -S<signals-bitmap> Changes the set of signals that are caught by socat just for print- ing an log message. This catching is useful to get the information about the signal into socats log, but prevents core dump or other standard actions. The default set of these signals is SIGHUP, SIG- INT, SIGQUIT, SIGILL, SIGABRT, SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV, and SIGTERM; replace this set (0x89de on Linux) with a bitmap (e.g., SIGFPE has value 8 and its bit is 0x0080). Note: Signals SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGQUIT, SIGUSR1, SIGPIPE, SIGALRM, SIGTERM, and SIGCHLD may be handled specially anyway. -t<timeout> When one channel has reached EOF (that is not ignored through option (ignoreoef, the write part of the other channel is shut down. Then, socat waits <timeout> [timeval] seconds before terminating. When during the timeout interval the read part of that other channel gives EOF, socat terminates without awaiting the timeout. Default is 0.5 seconds, 0 is valid. This timeout is only useful with addresses where write and read part can be closed or shut down independently. -T<timeout> Total inactivity timeout: when socat is already in the transfer loop and nothing has happened for <timeout> [timeval] seconds (no data arrived, no interrupt occurred...) then it terminates. Up to version 1.8.0.0 "0" meant "infinite"; since version 1.8.0.1 "0" means 0 and values <0 mean infinite, default is -1. Useful with protocols like UDP that cannot transfer EOF. -u Uses unidirectional mode. The first address is only used for read- ing, and the second address is only used for writing (example). -U Uses unidirectional mode in reverse direction. The first address is only used for writing, and the second address is only used for read- ing. -g During address option parsing, don't check if the option is consid- ered useful in the given address environment. Use it if you want to force, e.g., appliance of a socket option to a serial device. -L<lockfile> If lockfile exists, exits with error. If lockfile does not exist, creates it and continues, unlinks lockfile on exit. -W<lockfile> If lockfile exists, waits until it disappears. When lockfile does not exist, creates it and continues, unlinks lockfile on exit. -4 Use IP version 4 in case the addresses do not implicitly or explic- itly specify a version. Since version 1.8.0.1 this is the default. -6 Use IP version 6 in case the addresses do not implicitly or explic- itly specify a version. -0 Do not prefer a particular IP version; this lets passive addresses (LISTEN, RECV, ...) serve both versions on some platforms (not BSD). --statistics -S Logs transfer statistics (bytes and blocks counters for both direc- tions) before terminating socat. See also signal USR1. ADDRESS SPECIFICATIONS With the address command line arguments, the user gives socat instructions and the necessary information for establishing the byte streams. An address specification usually consists of an address type keyword, zero or more required address parameters separated by ':' from the keyword and from each other, and zero or more address options separated by ','. The keyword specifies the address type (e.g., TCP4, OPEN, EXEC). For some keywords there exist synonyms ('-' for STDIO, TCP for TCP4). Keywords are case insensitive. For a few special address types, the keyword may be omitted: Address specifications starting with a number are assumed to be FD (raw file descriptor) addresses; if a '/' is found before the first ':' or ',', GOPEN (generic file open) is assumed. The required number and type of address parameters depend on the address type. E.g., TCP4 requires a server specification (name or address), and a port specification (number or service name). Zero or more address options may be given with each address. They influence the address in some ways. Options consist of an option keyword or an op- tion keyword and a value, separated by '='. Option keywords are case insen- sitive. For filtering the options that are useful with an address type, each option is member of one option group. For each address type there is a set of option groups allowed. Only options belonging to one of these ad- dress groups may be used (except with option -g). Address specifications following the above schema are also called single address specifications. Two single addresses can be combined with "!!" to form a dual type address for one channel. Here, the first address is used by socat for reading data, and the second address for writing data. There is no way to specify an option only once for being applied to both single addresses. Usually, addresses are opened in read/write mode. When an address is part of a dual address specification, or when option -u or -U is used, an ad- dress might be used only for reading or for writing. Considering this is important with some address types. With socat version 1.5.0 and higher, the lexical analysis tries to handle quotes and parenthesis meaningfully and allows escaping of special charac- ters. If one of the characters ( { [ ' is found, the corresponding closing character - ) } ] ' - is looked for; they may also be nested. Within these constructs, socats special characters and strings : , !! are not handled specially. All those characters and strings can be escaped with \ or within "" ADDRESS TYPES This section describes the available address types with their keywords, pa- rameters, and semantics. CREATE:<filename> Opens <filename> with creat() and uses the file descriptor for writ- ing. This is a write-only address because a file opened with creat cannot be read from. See options -u and -U, and dual addresses. Flags like O_LARGEFILE cannot be applied. If you need them use OPEN with options create,create. <filename> must be a valid existing or not existing path. If <file- name> is a named pipe, creat() might block; if <filename> refers to a socket, this is an error. Option groups: FD,REG,NAMED Useful options: mode, mode, user, group, unlink-early, unlink-late, append See also: OPEN, GOPEN DCCP-CONNECT:<host>:<port> (DCCP:<host>:<port>) Establishes a DCCP connect to the specified <host> [IP address] and <port> [DCCP service] using IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,SCTP,CHILD,RETRY Useful options: bind, connect-timeout, tos, dccp-set-ccid, nonblock, sourceport, retry, readbytes See also: DCCP4-CONNECT, DCCP6-CONNECT, DCCP-LISTEN, TCP-CONNECT SCTP-CONNECT DCCP4-CONNECT:<host>:<port> (DCCP4:<host>:<port>) Like DCCP-CONNECT, but only supports IPv4 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,DCCP,CHILD,RETRY DCCP6-CONNECT:<host>:<port> (DCCP6:<host>:<port>) Like DCCP-CONNECT, but only supports IPv6 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,DCCP,CHILD,RETRY DCCP-LISTEN:<port> (DCCP-L:<port>) Listens on <port> [DCCP service] and accepts an DCCP connection. The IP version is 4 or the one specified with address option pf, socat option (-4, -6), or environment variable SOCAT_DEFAULT_LISTEN_IP. Note that opening this address usually blocks until a client con- nects. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,IP6,DCCP,RETRY Useful options: fork, bind, range, max-children, backlog, ac- cept-timeout, dccp-set-sid, su, reuseaddr, retry See also: DCCP4-LISTEN, DCCP6-LISTEN, TCP-LISTEN, SCTP-LISTEN, DCCP-CONNECT DCCP4-LISTEN:<port> (DCCP4-L:<port>) Like DCCP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv4 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,DCCP,RETRY DCCP6-LISTEN:<port> (DCCP6-L:<port>) Like DCCP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv6 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP6,DCCP,RETRY EXEC:<command-line> Forks a sub process that establishes communication with its parent process and invokes the specified program with execvp() . <com- mand-line> is a simple command with arguments separated by single spaces. If the program name contains a '/', the part after the last '/' is taken as ARGV[0]. If the program name is a relative path, the execvp() semantics for finding the program via $PATH apply. After successful program start, socat writes data to stdin of the process and reads from its stdout using a UNIX domain socket generated by socketpair() per default. (example) Option groups: FD,SOCKET,EXEC,FORK,TERMIOS Useful options: path, fdin, fdout, chroot, su, su-d, nofork, sock- type, pty, stderr, ctty, setsid, pipes, umask, login, sigint, sigquit, netns See also: SYSTEM,SHELL FD:<fdnum> Uses the file descriptor <fdnum>. It must already exist as valid UN*X file descriptor. Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET) See also: STDIO, STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR GOPEN:<filename> (Generic open) This address type tries to handle any file system en- try except directories usefully. <filename> may be a relative or ab- solute path. If it already exists, its type is checked. In case of a UNIX domain socket, socat connects; if connecting fails, socat as- sumes a datagram socket and uses sendto() calls. If the entry is not a socket, socat opens it applying the O_APPEND flag. If it does not exist, it is opened with flag O_CREAT as a regular file (exam- ple). Option groups: FD,REG,SOCKET,NAMED,OPEN See also: OPEN, CREATE, UNIX-CONNECT IP-SENDTO:<host>:<protocol> Opens a raw IP socket. Depending on host specification or option pf, IP protocol version 4 or 6 is used. It uses <protocol> to send pack- ets to <host> [IP address] and receives packets from host, ignores packets from other hosts. Protocol 255 uses the raw socket with the IP header being part of the data. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6 Useful options: pf, ttl See also: IP4-SENDTO, IP6-SENDTO, IP-RECVFROM, IP-RECV, UDP-SENDTO, UNIX-SENDTO INTERFACE:<interface> Communicates with a network connected on an interface using raw packets including link level data. <interface> is the name of the network interface. Currently only available on Linux. Option groups: FD,SOCKET Useful options: pf, type See also: ip-recv IP4-SENDTO:<host>:<protocol> Like IP-SENDTO, but always uses IPv4. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4 IP6-SENDTO:<host>:<protocol> Like IP-SENDTO, but always uses IPv6. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6 IP-DATAGRAM:<address>:<protocol> Sends outgoing data to the specified address which may in particular be a broadcast or multicast address. Packets arriving on the local socket are checked if their source addresses match RANGE or TCPWRAP options. This address type can for example be used for implementing symmetric or asymmetric broadcast or multicast communications. Option groups: FD, SOCKET, IP4, IP6, RANGE Useful options: bind, range, tcpwrap, broadcast, ip-multicast-loop, ip-multicast-ttl, ip-multicast-if, ip-add-membership, ip-add-source-membership, ipv6-join-group, ipv6-join-source-group, ttl, tos, pf See also: IP4-DATAGRAM, IP6-DATAGRAM, IP-SENDTO, IP-RECVFROM, IP-RECV, UDP-DATAGRAM IP4-DATAGRAM:<host>:<protocol> Like IP-DATAGRAM, but always uses IPv4. (example) Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,RANGE IP6-DATAGRAM:<host>:<protocol> Like IP-DATAGRAM, but always uses IPv6. Please note that IPv6 does not know broadcasts. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,RANGE IP-RECVFROM:<protocol> Opens a raw IP socket of <protocol>. Depending on option pf, IP pro- tocol version 4 or 6 is used. It receives one packet from an unspec- ified peer and may send one or more answer packets to that peer. This mode is particularly useful with fork option where each arriv- ing packet - from arbitrary peers - is handled by its own sub process. This allows a behaviour similar to typical UDP based servers like ntpd or named. Please note that the reply packets might be fetched as incoming traffic when sender and receiver IP address are identical because there is no port number to distinguish the sockets. This address works well with IP-SENDTO address peers (see above). Protocol 255 uses the raw socket with the IP header being part of the data. See the note about RECVFROM addresses. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,CHILD,RANGE Useful options: pf, fork, range, ttl, broadcast See also: IP4-RECVFROM, IP6-RECVFROM, IP-SENDTO, IP-RECV, UDP-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECVFROM IP4-RECVFROM:<protocol> Like IP-RECVFROM, but always uses IPv4. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,CHILD,RANGE IP6-RECVFROM:<protocol> Like IP-RECVFROM, but always uses IPv6. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,CHILD,RANGE IP-RECV:<protocol> Opens a raw IP socket of <protocol>. Depending on option pf, IP pro- tocol version 4 or 6 is used. It receives packets from multiple un- specified peers and merges the data. No replies are possible, this is a read-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual addresses. It can be, e.g., addressed by socat IP-SENDTO address peers. Proto- col 255 uses the raw socket with the IP header being part of the data. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,RANGE Useful options: pf, range See also: IP4-RECV, IP6-RECV, IP-SENDTO, IP-RECVFROM, UDP-RECV, UNIX-RECV IP4-RECV:<protocol> Like IP-RECV, but always uses IPv4. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,RANGE IP6-RECV:<protocol> Like IP-RECV, but always uses IPv6. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,RANGE OPEN:<filename> Opens <filename> using the open() system call (example). This oper- ation fails on UNIX domain sockets. Note: This address type is rarely useful in bidirectional mode. Option groups: FD,REG,NAMED,OPEN Useful options: creat, excl, noatime, nofollow, append, rdonly, wronly, lock, readbytes, ignoreeof See also: CREATE, GOPEN, UNIX-CONNECT OPENSSL:<host>:<port> Tries to establish a SSL connection to <port> [TCP service] on <host> [IP address] using TCP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf. NOTE: Up to version 1.7.2.4 the server certificate was only checked for validity against the system certificate store or cafile or cap- ath, but not for match with the server's name or its IP address. Since version 1.7.3.0 socat checks the peer certificate for match with the <host> parameter or the value of the openssl-commonname op- tion. Socat tries to match it against the certificates subject com- monName, and the certificates extension subjectAltName DNS names. Wildcards in the certificate are supported. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,OPENSSL,RETRY Useful options: min-proto-version, cipher, verify, commonname, cafile, capath, certificate, key, compress, bind, pf, connect-time- out, sourceport, retry See also: OPENSSL-LISTEN, TCP OPENSSL-LISTEN:<port> Listens on tcp <port> [TCP service]. The IP version is 4 or the one specified with pf. When a connection is accepted, this address be- haves as SSL server. Note: You probably want to use the certificate option with this ad- dress. NOTE: The client certificate is only checked for validity against cafile or capath, but not for match with the client's name or its IP address! Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,LIS- TEN,OPENSSL,CHILD,RANGE,RETRY Useful options: pf, min-proto-version, cipher, verify, commonname, cafile, capath, certificate, key, compress, fork, bind, range, tcp- wrap, su, reuseaddr, retry See also: OPENSSL, TCP-LISTEN OPENSSL-DTLS-CLIENT:<host>:<port> Tries to establish a DTLS connection to <port> [UDP service] on <host> [IP address] using UDP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf. Socat checks the peer certificates subjectAltName or commonName against the addresses option openssl-commonname or the host name. Wildcards in the certificate are supported. Use socat option -b to make datagrams small enough to fit with over- head on the network. Use option -T to prevent indefinite hanging when peer went down quietly. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,OPENSSL,RETRY Useful options: min-proto-version, cipher, verify, commonname, cafile, capath, certificate, key, compress, bind, pf, sourceport, retry, rcvtimeo See also: OPENSSL-DTLS-SERVER, OPENSSL-CONNECT, UDP-CONNECT OPENSSL-DTLS-SERVER:<port> Listens on UDP <port> [UDP service]. The IP version is 4 or the one specified with pf. When a connection is accepted, this address be- haves as DTLS server. Note: You probably want to use the certificate option with this ad- dress. NOTE: The client certificate is only checked for validity against cafile or capath, but not for match with the client's name or its IP address! Use socat option -b to make datagrams small enough to fit with overhead on the network. Use option -T to prevent indefinite hanging when peer went down quietly. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,LISTEN,OPENSSL,CHILD,RANGE,RETRY Useful options: pf, min-proto-version, cipher, verify, commonname, cafile, capath, certificate, key, compress, fork, bind, range, tcp- wrap, su, reuseaddr, retry rcvtimeo See also: OPENSSL-DTLS-CLIENT, OPENSSL-LISTEN, UDP-LISTEN PIPE:<filename> If <filename> already exists, it is opened. If it does not exist, a named pipe is created and opened. Beginning with socat version 1.4.3, the named pipe is removed when the address is closed (but see option unlink-close Note: When a pipe is used for both reading and writing, it works as echo service. Note: When a pipe is used for both reading and writing, and socat tries to write more bytes than the pipe can buffer (Linux 2.4: 2048 bytes), socat might block. Consider using socat option, e.g., -b 2048 Option groups: FD,NAMED,OPEN Useful options: rdonly, nonblock, group, user, mode, unlink-early See also: unnamed pipe PIPE Creates an unnamed pipe and uses it for reading and writing. It works as an echo, because everything written to it appears immedi- ately as read data. Note: When socat tries to write more bytes than the pipe can queue (Linux 2.4: 2048 bytes), socat might block. Consider, e.g., using option -b 2048 Option groups: FD See also: named pipe, SOCKETPAIR SOCKETPAIR Creates a socketpair and uses it for reading and writing. It works as an echo, because everything written to it appears immediately as read data. The default socket type is datagram, so it keeps packet boundaries. Option groups: FD Useful options: socktype See also: unnamed pipe STALL The read part of this address never provides any data nor EOF; the write part never gets ready for writing data. This might be useful for testing and for some special scenarios. TEXT:<string> The text provided as parameter is taken as input data: it is buffered in an internal pipe and then processed as usual. The stan- dard conversions are performed on the string, so you may check how parameters are parsed and prepared which is critical for addresses like EXEC. Output on this address is sent to stdout. Thus this address can re- place constructs like: echo "<string>" | socat STDIO TCP:<server>:<port> with: socat TEXT:"<string>\n" TCP:<server>:<port> Have a look at the example with sudo below. POSIXMQ-READ:/<mqueue> Opens or creates the specified POSIX message queue and reads mes- sages (packets). It keeps the packet boundaries. This is a read-only address, see options -u and -U and dual ad- dresses. Socat provides this address type only on Linux because POSIX MQ is based on UNIX filedescriptors there. Useful options: posixmq-priority, unlink-early, unlink-close, o-non- block, o-creat, o-excl, umask POSIXMQ-RECEIVE:/<mqueue> POSIXMQ-RECV:/<mqueue> Opens or creates the specified POSIX message queue and reads one message (packet). This is a read-only address. See POSIXMQ-READ for more info. Example: POSIX MQ recv with fork Useful options: posixmq-priority, fork, max-children, unlink-early, unlink-close, o-creat, o-excl, umask POSIXMQ-SEND:/<mqueue> Opens or creates the specified POSIX message queue and writes mes- sages (packets). This is a write-only address. See POSIXMQ-READ for more info. (Example) Useful options: posixmq-priority, posixmq-flush, fork, max-children, unlink-early, unlink-close, o-creat, o-excl, umask POSIXMQ-WRITE:/<mqueue> Does the same as POSIXMQ-SEND. POSIXMQ-BIDIRECTIONAL:/mqueue POSIXMQ:/mqueue Opens or creates the specified POSIX message queue in read and/or write mode depending on context, then reads and/or writes messages (packets). In bidirectional mode this is just another echo service. POSIXMQ refuses bidirectional mode to prevent unwanted flushing of queue; use POSIXMQ-BIDIRECTIONAL when needed. See POSIXMQ-READ and POSIXMQ-SEND for more info. PROXY:<proxy>:<hostname>:<port> Connects to an HTTP proxy server on port 8080 using TCP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or op- tion pf, and sends a CONNECT request for hostname:port. If the proxy grants access and succeeds to connect to the target, data transfer between socat and the target can start (example). Note that the traffic need not be HTTP but can be an arbitrary protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,HTTP,RETRY Useful options: proxyport, ignorecr, proxyauth, resolve, crnl, bind, connect-timeout, mss, sourceport, retry See also: SOCKS, TCP PTY Generates a pseudo terminal (pty) and uses its master side. Another process may open the pty's slave side using it like a serial line or terminal. (example). If both the ptmx and the openpty mechanisms are available, ptmx is used (POSIX). Option groups: FD,NAMED,PTY,TERMIOS Useful options: link, openpty, wait-slave, mode, user, group See also: UNIX-LISTEN, PIPE, EXEC, SYSTEM, SHELL READLINE Uses GNU readline and history on stdio to allow editing and reusing input lines (example). This requires the GNU readline and history libraries. Note that stdio should be a (pseudo) terminal device, otherwise readline does not seem to work. Option groups: FD,READLINE,TERMIOS Useful options: history, noecho See also: STDIO SCTP-CONNECT:<host>:<port> Establishes an SCTP stream connection to the specified <host> [IP address] and <port> [TCP service] using IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,SCTP,CHILD,RETRY Useful options: bind, pf, connect-timeout, tos, mtudiscover, mtudis- cover6, sctp-maxseg, sctp-nodelay, nonblock, sourceport, retry, readbytes See also: SCTP4-CONNECT, SCTP6-CONNECT, SCTP-LISTEN, TCP-CONNECT SCTP4-CONNECT:<host>:<port> Like SCTP-CONNECT, but only supports IPv4 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,SCTP,CHILD,RETRY SCTP6-CONNECT:<host>:<port> Like SCTP-CONNECT, but only supports IPv6 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,SCTP,CHILD,RETRY SCTP-LISTEN:<port> Listens on <port> [TCP service] and accepts an SCTP connection. The IP version is 4 or the one specified with address option pf, socat option (-4, -6), or environment variable SOCAT_DEFAULT_LISTEN_IP. Note that opening this address usually blocks until a client con- nects. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,IP6,SCTP,RETRY Useful options: crnl, fork, bind, range, tcpwrap, pf, max-children, backlog, accept-timeout, sctp-maxseg, sctp-nodelay, su, reuseaddr, retry See also: SCTP4-LISTEN, SCTP6-LISTEN, TCP-LISTEN, SCTP-CONNECT SCTP4-LISTEN:<port> Like SCTP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv4 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,SCTP,RETRY SCTP6-LISTEN:<port> Like SCTP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv6 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP6,SCTP,RETRY SOCKET-CONNECT:<domain>:<protocol>:<remote-address> Creates a stream socket using the first and second given socket pa- rameters and SOCK_STREAM (see man socket(2)) and connects to the re- mote-address. The two socket parameters have to be specified by int numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate values. The remote-address must be the data representa- tion of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len com- ponents. Please note that you can - beyond the options of the specified groups - also use options of higher level protocols when you apply socat option -g. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,CHILD,RETRY Useful options: bind, setsockopt, See also: TCP, UDP-CONNECT, UNIX-CONNECT, SOCKET-LISTEN, SOCKET-SENDTO SOCKET-DATAGRAM:<domain>:<type>:<protocol>:<remote-address> Creates a datagram socket using the first three given socket parame- ters (see man socket(2)) and sends outgoing data to the remote-ad- dress. The three socket parameters have to be specified by int num- bers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate values. The remote-address must be the data representa- tion of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len com- ponents. Please note that you can - beyond the options of the specified groups - also use options of higher level protocols when you apply socat option -g. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,RANGE Useful options: bind, range, setsockopt, See also: UDP-DATAGRAM, IP-DATAGRAM, SOCKET-SENDTO, SOCKET-RECV, SOCKET-RECVFROM SOCKET-LISTEN:<domain>:<protocol>:<local-address> Creates a stream socket using the first and second given socket pa- rameters and SOCK_STREAM (see man socket(2)) and waits for incoming connections on local-address. The two socket parameters have to be specified by int numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate values. The local-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len components. Please note that you can - beyond the options of the specified groups - also use options of higher level protocols when you apply socat option -g. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,RANGE,CHILD,RETRY Useful options: setsockopt, setsockopt-listen, See also: TCP, UDP-CONNECT, UNIX-CONNECT, SOCKET-LISTEN, SOCKET-SENDTO, SOCKET-SENDTO SOCKET-RECV:<domain>:<type>:<protocol>:<local-address> Creates a socket using the three given socket parameters (see man socket(2)) and binds it to <local-address>. Receives arriving data. The three parameters have to be specified by int numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate val- ues. The local-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len components. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,RANGE Useful options: range, setsockopt, setsockopt-listen See also: UDP-RECV, IP-RECV, UNIX-RECV, SOCKET-DATAGRAM, SOCKET-SENDTO, SOCKET-RECVFROM SOCKET-RECVFROM:<domain>:<type>:<protocol>:<local-address> Creates a socket using the three given socket parameters (see man socket(2)) and binds it to <local-address>. Receives arriving data and sends replies back to the sender. The first three parameters have to be specified as int numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate values. The local-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len components. See the note about RECVFROM addresses. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,CHILD,RANGE Useful options: fork, range, setsockopt, setsockopt-listen See also: UDP-RECVFROM, IP-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECVFROM, SOCKET-DATAGRAM, SOCKET-SENDTO, SOCKET-RECV SOCKET-SENDTO:<domain>:<type>:<protocol>:<remote-address> Creates a socket using the three given socket parameters (see man socket(2)). Sends outgoing data to the given address and receives replies. The three parameters have to be specified as int numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appro- priate values. The remote-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len components. Option groups: FD,SOCKET Useful options: bind, setsockopt, setsockopt-listen See also: UDP-SENDTO, IP-SENDTO, UNIX-SENDTO, SOCKET-DATAGRAM, SOCKET-RECV SOCKET-RECVFROM ACCEPT-FD:<fdnum> Expects a listening socket in <fdnum> and accepts one or (with op- tion fork) more connections. This address type is useful under sys- temd control with "inetd mode". Example: (example) Option groups: FD, SOCKET, TCP, CHILD, RETRY Useful options: fork, range, sourceport, lowport, tcpwrap SOCKS4:<socks-server>:<host>:<port> Connects via <socks-server> [IP address] to <host> [IPv4 address] on <port> [TCP service], using socks version 4 protocol over IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or op- tion pf (example). Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,SOCKS4,RETRY Useful options: socksuser, socksport, sourceport, pf, retry See also: SOCKS5, SOCKS4A, PROXY, TCP SOCKS4A:<socks-server>:<host>:<port> like SOCKS4, but uses socks protocol version 4a, thus leaving host name resolution to the socks server. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,SOCKS4,RETRY SOCKS5-CONNECT:<socks-server>:<socks-port>:<target-host>:<target-port> SOCKS5-CONNECT:<socks-server>:<target-host>:<target-port> Connects via <socks-server> [IP address] to <target-host> [IPv4 ad- dress] on <target-port> [TCP service], using socks version 5 proto- col over TCP. Currently no authentication mechanism is provided. Option groups: FD, SOCKET, IP4, IP6, TCP, CHILD, RETRY Useful options: socksport, socksuser, sockspass, sourceport, pf, retry See also: SOCKS5-LISTEN, SOCKS4, SOCKS4A, PROXY, TCP SOCKS5-LISTEN:<socks-server>:<socks-port>:<listen-host>:<listen-port> SOCKS5-LISTEN:<socks-server>:<listen-host>:<listen-port> Connects to <socks-server> [IP address] using socks version 5 proto- col over TCP and makes it listen for incoming connections on <lis- ten-port> [TCP service], binding to <-listen-host> [IPv4 address] Currently not authentication mechanism is provided. Option groups: FD, SOCKET, IP4, IP6, TCP, CHILD, RETRY Useful options: sourceport, pf, retry See also: SOCKS5-CONNECT, STDERR Uses file descriptor 2. This is a write-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual ad- dresses. Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET) See also: FD STDIN Uses file descriptor 0. This is a read-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual ad- dresses. Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET) Useful options: readbytes See also: FD STDIO Uses file descriptor 0 for reading, and 1 for writing. Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET) Useful options: readbytes See also: FD STDOUT Uses file descriptor 1. This is a write-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual ad- dresses. Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET) See also: FD SHELL:<shell-command> SHELL Forks a sub process that establishes communication with its parent process and invokes the specified program with the configured shell ($SHELL). Note that <shell-command> [string] must not contain ',' or "!!", and that ':' and shell meta characters may have to be pro- tected. After successful program start, socat writes data to stdin of the process and reads from its stdout. When invoked without parameter, this opens an interactive shell. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,EXEC,FORK,TERMIOS Useful options: path, fdin, fdout, chroot, su, su-d, nofork, sock- type, pty, stderr, ctty, setsid, pipes, umask, sigint, sigquit See also: EXEC, SYSTEM SYSTEM:<shell-command> Forks a sub process that establishes communication with its parent process and invokes the specified program with system() . Please note that <shell-command> [string] must not contain ',' or "!!", and that shell meta characters may have to be protected. After success- ful program start, socat writes data to stdin of the process and reads from its stdout. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,EXEC,FORK,TERMIOS Useful options: path, fdin, fdout, chroot, su, su-d, nofork, sock- type, pty, stderr, ctty, setsid, pipes, umask, sigint, sigquit, netns See also: EXEC, SHELL TCP:<host>:<port> Connects to <port> [TCP service] on <host> [IP address] using TCP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,RETRY Useful options: connect-timeout, retry, sourceport, netns, crnl, bind, pf, tos, mtudiscover, mtudiscover6, mss, nodelay, nonblock, readbytes See also: TCP4, TCP6, TCP-LISTEN, UDP, SCTP-CONNECT, UNIX-CONNECT TCP4:<host>:<port> Like TCP, but only supports IPv4 protocol (example). Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,TCP,RETRY TCP6:<host>:<port> Like TCP, but only supports IPv6 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,TCP,RETRY TCP-LISTEN:<port> Listens on <port> [TCP service] and accepts a TCP/IP connection. The IP version is 4 or the one specified with address option pf, socat option (-4, -6), or environment variable SOCAT_DEFAULT_LISTEN_IP. Note that opening this address usually blocks until a client con- nects. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,IP6,TCP,RETRY Useful options: crnl, fork, bind, range, tcpwrap, pf, max-children, backlog, accept-timeout, mss, su, reuseaddr, retry, cool-write See also: TCP4-LISTEN, TCP6-LISTEN, UDP-LISTEN, SCTP-LISTEN, UNIX-LISTEN, OPENSSL-LISTEN, TCP-CONNECT TCP4-LISTEN:<port> Like TCP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv4 protocol (example). Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,TCP,RETRY TCP6-LISTEN:<port> Like TCP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv6 protocol. Additional useful option: ipv6only Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP6,TCP,RETRY TUN[:<if-addr>/<bits>] Creates a Linux TUN/TAP device and optionally assigns it the address and netmask given by the parameters. The resulting network interface is almost ready for use by other processes; socat serves its "wire side". This address requires read and write access to the tunnel cloning device, usually /dev/net/tun , as well as permission to set some ioctl()s. Option iff-up is required to immediately activate the interface! Note: If you intend to transfer packets between two Socat "wire sides" you need a protocol that keeps packet boundaries, e.g.UDP; TCP might work with option nodelay. Option groups: FD,NAMED,OPEN,TUN Useful options: iff-up, tun-device, tun-name, tun-type, inter- face-mtu, iff-no-pi, netns See also: ip-recv UDP:<host>:<port> Connects to <port> [UDP service] on <host> [IP address] using UDP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf. Please note that, due to UDP protocol properties, no real connection is established; data has to be sent for `connecting' to the server, and no end-of-file condition can be transported. Since version 1.8.1.0, the socket sends, when shutting down, a zero length UDP packet that might trigger EOF on the peer (implicit op- tion shut-null). Restore old behaviour with option shut-none. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6 Useful options: ttl, tos, bind, sourceport, pf See also: UDP4, UDP6, UDP-LISTEN, TCP, IP UDP4:<host>:<port> Like UDP, but only supports IPv4 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4 UDP6:<host>:<port> Like UDP, but only supports IPv6 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6 UDP-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port> Sends outgoing data to the specified address which may in particular be a broadcast or multicast address. Packets arriving on the local socket are checked for the correct remote port only when option sourceport is used (this is a change with Socat version 1.7.4.0) and if their source addresses match RANGE or TCPWRAP options. This ad- dress type can for example be used for implementing symmetric or asymmetric broadcast or multicast communications. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,RANGE Useful options: bind, range, tcpwrap, broadcast, ip-multicast-loop, ip-multicast-ttl, ip-multicast-if, ip-add-membership, ip-add-source-membership, ipv6-join-group, ipv6-join-source-group, ttl, tos, sourceport, pf See also: UDP4-DATAGRAM, UDP6-DATAGRAM, UDP-SENDTO, UDP-RECVFROM, UDP-RECV, UDP-CONNECT, UDP-LISTEN, IP-DATAGRAM UDP4-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port> Like UDP-DATAGRAM, but only supports IPv4 protocol (example1, exam- ple2). Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4, RANGE UDP6-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port> Like UDP-DATAGRAM, but only supports IPv6 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,RANGE UDP-LISTEN:<port> Waits for a UDP/IP packet arriving on <port> [UDP service] and `con- nects' back to sender. The accepted IP version is 4 or the one specified with option pf. Please note that, due to UDP protocol properties, no real connection is established; data has to arrive from the peer first, thus, opening this address usually blocks until a client connects. Furthermore, no end-of-file condition is speci- fied in UDP. Since version 1.8.1.0, the socket sends, when shutting down, a zero length UDP packet that might trigger EOF on the peer (implicit op- tion shut-null). Restore old behaviour with option shut-none. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,IP6 Useful options: fork, bind, range, pf See also: UDP, UDP4-LISTEN, UDP6-LISTEN, TCP-LISTEN UDP4-LISTEN:<port> Like UDP-LISTEN, but only support IPv4 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4 UDP6-LISTEN:<port> Like UDP-LISTEN, but only support IPv6 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP6 UDP-SENDTO:<host>:<port> Communicates with the specified peer socket, defined by <port> [UDP service] on <host> [IP address], using UDP/IP version 4 or 6 depend- ing on address specification, name resolution, or option pf. It sends packets to and receives packets from that peer socket only. This address effectively implements a datagram client. It works well with socat UDP-RECVFROM and UDP-RECV address peers. When the peer might send data first, UDP-DATAGRAM is preferable. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6 Useful options: ttl, tos, bind, sourceport, pf See also: UDP4-SENDTO, UDP6-SENDTO, UDP-RECVFROM, UDP-RECV, UDP-CON- NECT, UDP-LISTEN, IP-SENDTO UDP4-SENDTO:<host>:<port> Like UDP-SENDTO, but only supports IPv4 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4 UDP6-SENDTO:<host>:<port> Like UDP-SENDTO, but only supports IPv6 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6 UDP-RECVFROM:<port> Creates a UDP socket on <port> [UDP service] using UDP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on option pf. It receives one packet from an unspec- ified peer and may send one or more answer packets to that peer. This mode is particularly useful with fork option where each arriv- ing packet - from arbitrary peers - is handled by its own sub process. This allows a behaviour similar to typical UDP based servers like ntpd or named. This address works well with socat UDP-SENDTO address peers. Note: When the second address fails before entering the transfer loop the packet is dropped. Use option retry or forever on the sec- ond address to avoid data loss. When you know the peer address, UDP-DATAGRAM is preferable. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,CHILD,RANGE Useful options: fork, ttl, tos, bind, sourceport, pf See also: UDP4-RECVFROM, UDP6-RECVFROM, UDP-SENDTO, UDP-RECV, UDP-CONNECT, UDP-LISTEN, IP-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECVFROM UDP4-RECVFROM:<port> Like UDP-RECVFROM, but only supports IPv4 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,CHILD,RANGE UDP6-RECVFROM:<port> Like UDP-RECVFROM, but only supports IPv6 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,CHILD,RANGE UDP-RECV:<port> Creates a UDP socket on <port> [UDP service] using UDP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on option pf. It receives packets from multiple un- specified peers and merges the data. No replies are possible. It works well with, e.g., socat UDP-SENDTO address peers; it behaves similar to a syslog server. This is a read-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual ad- dresses. Note: if you need the fork option, use UDP-RECVFROM in unidirec- tional mode (with option -u) instead. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,RANGE Useful options: pf, bind, sourceport, ttl, tos See also: UDP4-RECV, UDP6-RECV, UDP-SENDTO, UDP-RECVFROM, UDP-CON- NECT, UDP-LISTEN, IP-RECV, UNIX-RECV UDP4-RECV:<port> Like UDP-RECV, but only supports IPv4 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,RANGE UDP6-RECV:<port> Like UDP-RECV, but only supports IPv6 protocol. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,RANGE UDPLITE-CONNECT:<host>:<port> UDPLITE4-CONNECT:<host>:<port> UDPLITE6-CONNECT:<host>:<port> UDPLITE-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port> UDPLITE4-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port> UDPLITE6-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port> UDPLITE-LISTEN:<port> UDPLITE4-LISTEN:<port> UDPLITE6-LISTEN:<port> UDPLITE-SENDTO:<host>:<port> UDPLITE4-SENDTO:<host>:<port> UDPLITE6-SENDTO:<host>:<port> UDPLITE-RECVFROM:<port> UDPLITE4-RECVFROM:<port> UDPLITE6-RECVFROM:<port> UDPLITE-RECV:<port> UDPLITE4-RECV:<port> UDPLITE6-RECV:<port> The UDPLITE addresses are almost identical to the related UDP ad- dresses but they use UDP-Lite protocol and have the additional UD- PLITE option group. UNIX-CONNECT:<filename> Connects to <filename> assuming it is a UNIX domain socket. If <filename> does not exist, this is an error; if <filename> is not a UNIX domain socket, this is an error; if <filename> is a UNIX domain socket, but no process is listening, this is an error. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,RETRY,UNIX ) Useful options: bind See also: UNIX-LISTEN, UNIX-SENDTO, TCP UNIX-LISTEN:<filename> Listens on <filename> using a UNIX domain stream socket and accepts a connection. If <filename> exists and is not a socket, this is an error. If <filename> exists and is a UNIX domain socket, binding to the address fails (use option unlink-early!). Note that opening this address usually blocks until a client connects. Beginning with socat version 1.4.3, the file system entry is removed when this ad- dress is closed (but see option unlink-close) (example). Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,LISTEN,CHILD,RETRY,UNIX Useful options: fork, umask, mode, user, group, unlink-early See also: UNIX-CONNECT, UNIX-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECV, TCP-LISTEN UNIX-SENDTO:<filename> Communicates with the specified peer socket, defined by [<filename>] assuming it is a UNIX domain datagram socket. It sends packets to and receives packets from that peer socket only. Please note that it might be necessary to bind the local socket to an address (e.g. /tmp/sock1, which must not exist before). This address type works well with socat UNIX-RECVFROM and UNIX-RECV address peers. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,UNIX Useful options: bind See also: UNIX-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECV, UNIX-CONNECT, UDP-SENDTO, IP-SENDTO UNIX-RECVFROM:<filename> Creates a UNIX domain datagram socket [<filename>]. Receives one packet and may send one or more answer packets to that peer. This mode is particularly useful with fork option where each arriving packet - from arbitrary peers - is handled by its own sub process. This address works well with socat UNIX-SENDTO address peers. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,CHILD,UNIX See the note about RECVFROM addresses. Useful options: fork umask See also: UNIX-SENDTO, UNIX-RECV, UNIX-LISTEN, UDP-RECVFROM, IP-RECVFROM UNIX-RECV:<filename> Creates a UNIX domain datagram socket [<filename>]. Receives pack- ets from multiple unspecified peers and merges the data. No replies are possible, this is a read-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual addresses. It can be, e.g., addressed by socat UNIX-SENDTO address peers. It behaves similar to a syslog server. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,UNIX Useful options: umask See also: UNIX-SENDTO, UNIX-RECVFROM, UNIX-LISTEN, UDP-RECV, IP-RECV UNIX-CLIENT:<filename> Communicates with the specified peer socket, defined by [<filename>] assuming it is a UNIX domain socket. It first tries to connect and, if that fails, assumes it is a datagram socket, thus supporting both types. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,UNIX Useful options: bind See also: UNIX-CONNECT, UNIX-SENDTO, GOPEN VSOCK-CONNECT:<cid>:<port> Establishes a VSOCK stream connection to the specified <cid> [VSOCK cid] and <port> [VSOCK port]. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,CHILD,RETRY Useful options: bind, connect-timeout, retry, readbytes See also: VSOCK-LISTEN, VSOCK-LISTEN:<port> Listens on <port> [VSOCK port] and accepts a VSOCK connection. Note that opening this address usually blocks until a client connects. Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RETRY Useful options: fork, bind, max-children, backlog, su, reuseaddr, retry See also: VSOCK-CONNECT ABSTRACT-CONNECT:<string> ABSTRACT-LISTEN:<string> ABSTRACT-SENDTO:<string> ABSTRACT-RECVFROM:<string> ABSTRACT-RECV:<string> ABSTRACT-CLIENT:<string> The ABSTRACT addresses are almost identical to the related UNIX ad- dresses except that they do not address file system based sockets but an alternate UNIX domain address space. To achieve this the socket address strings are prefixed with "\0" internally. This fea- ture is available (only?) on Linux. Option groups are the same as with the related UNIX addresses, except that the ABSTRACT addresses are not member of the NAMED group. Useful options: netns ADDRESS OPTIONS Address options can be applied to address specifications to influence the process of opening the addresses and the properties of the resulting data channels. For technical reasons not every option can be applied to every address type; e.g., applying a socket option to a regular file will fail. To catch most useless combinations as early as in the open phase, the concept of op- tion groups was introduced. Each option belongs to one or more option groups. Options can be used only with address types that support at least one of their option groups (but see option -g). Address options have data types that their values must conform to. Every address option consists of just a keyword or a keyword followed by "=value", where value must conform to the options type. Some address op- tions manipulate parameters of system calls; e.g., option sync sets the O_SYNC flag with the open() call. Other options cause a system or library call; e.g., with option `ttl=value' the setsockopt(fd, SOL_IP, IP_TTL, value, sizeof(int)) call is applied. Other options set internal socat variables that are used during data transfer; e.g., `crnl' causes explicit character conversions. A few options have more complex implementations; e.g., su-d (substuser-delayed) inquires some user and group infos, stores them, and applies them later after a possible chroot() call. If multiple options are given to an address, their sequence in the address specification has (almost) no effect on the sequence of their execution/ap- plication. Instead, socat has built in an option phase model that tries to bring the options in a useful order. Some options exist in different forms (e.g., unlink, unlink-early, unlink-late) to control the time of their exe- cution. If the same option is specified more than once within one address specifi- cation, with equal or different values, the effect depends on the kind of option. Options resulting in function calls like setsockopt() cause multi- ple invocations. With options that set parameters for a required call like open() or set internal flags, the value of the last option occurrence is effective. The existence or semantics of many options are system dependent. Socat usu- ally does NOT try to emulate missing libc or kernel features, it just pro- vides an interface to the underlying system. So, if an operating system lacks a feature, the related option is simply not available on this plat- form. The following paragraphs introduce just the more common address options. For a more comprehensive reference and to find information about canonical option names, alias names, option phases, and platforms see file xio.help. FD option group This option group contains options that are applied to a UN*X style file descriptor, no matter how it was generated. Because all current socat ad- dress types are file descriptor based, these options may be applied to any address. Note: Some of these options are also member of another option group, that provides another, non-fd based mechanism. For these options, it depends on the actual address type and its option groups which mechanism is used. The second, non-fd based mechanism is prioritized. cloexec[=<bool>] Sets the FD_CLOEXEC flag with the fcntl() system call to value <bool>. If set, the file descriptor is closed on exec() family func- tion calls. Socat internally handles this flag for the fds it con- trols, so in most cases there will be no need to apply this option. setlk[=<bool>] Tries to set a discretionary write lock to the whole file using the fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, ...) system call. If the file is already locked, this call results in an error. On Linux, when the file permissions for group are "S" (g-x,g+s), and the file system is locally mounted with the "mand" option, the lock is mandatory, i.e. prevents other processes from opening the file. setlkw[=<bool>] Tries to set a discretionary waiting write lock to the whole file using the fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, ...) system call. If the file is al- ready locked, this call blocks. See option setlk for information about making this lock mandatory. setlk-rd[=<bool>] Tries to set a discretionary read lock to the whole file using the fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, ...) system call. If the file is already write locked, this call results in an error. See option setlk for infor- mation about making this lock mandatory. setlkw-rd[=<bool>] Tries to set a discretionary waiting read lock to the whole file us- ing the fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, ...) system call. If the file is al- ready write locked, this call blocks. See option setlk for informa- tion about making this lock mandatory. flock-ex[=<bool>] Tries to set a blocking exclusive advisory lock to the file using the flock(fd, LOCK_EX) system call. Socat hangs in this call if the file is locked by another process. flock-ex-nb[=<bool>] Tries to set a nonblocking exclusive advisory lock to the file using the flock(fd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB) system call. If the file is already locked, this option results in an error. flock-sh[=<bool>] Tries to set a blocking shared advisory lock to the file using the flock(fd, LOCK_SH) system call. Socat hangs in this call if the file is locked by another process. flock-sh-nb[=<bool>] Tries to set a nonblocking shared advisory lock to the file using the flock(fd, LOCK_SH|LOCK_NB) system call. If the file is already locked, this option results in an error. lock[=<bool>] Sets a blocking lock on the file. Uses the setlk or flock mechanism depending on availability on the particular platform. If both are available, the POSIX variant (setlkw) is used. user=<user> Sets the <user> (owner) of the stream. If the address is member of the NAMED option group, socat uses the chown() system call after opening the file or binding to the UNIX domain socket (race condi- tion!). Without filesystem entry, socat sets the user of the stream using the fchown() system call. These calls might require root privilege. user-late=<user> Sets the owner of the fd to <user> with the fchown() system call af- ter opening or connecting the channel. This is useful only on file system entries. group=<group> Sets the <group> of the stream. If the address is member of the NAMED option group, socat uses the chown() system call after opening the file or binding to the UNIX domain socket (race condition!). Without filesystem entry, socat sets the group of the stream with the fchown() system call. These calls might require group member- ship or root privilege. group-late=<group> Sets the group of the fd to <group> with the fchown() system call after opening or connecting the channel. This is useful only on file system entries. mode=<mode> Sets the <mode> [mode_t] (permissions) of the stream. If the ad- dress is member of the NAMED option group and uses the open() or creat() call, the mode is applied with these. If the address is member of the NAMED option group without using these system calls, socat uses the chmod() system call after opening the filesystem en- try or binding to the UNIX domain socket (race condition!). Other- wise, socat sets the mode of the stream using fchmod() which, btw, might not have any effect. These calls might require ownership or root privilege. Note: this option can only tighten the permissions implied by processes umask. See option umask to loosen permissions. perm-late=<mode> Sets the permissions of the fd to value <mode> [mode_t] using the fchmod() system call after opening or connecting the channel. This is useful only on file system entries. append[=<bool>] Always writes data to the actual end of file. If the address is member of the OPEN option group, socat uses the O_APPEND flag with the open() system call (example). Otherwise, socat applies the fc- ntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_APPEND) call. nonblock[=<bool>] Tries to open or use file in nonblocking mode. Its only effects are that the connect() call of TCP addresses does not block, and that opening a named pipe for reading does not block. If the address is member of the OPEN option group, socat uses the O_NONBLOCK flag with the open() system call. Otherwise, socat applies the fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) call. binary[=<bool>] Opens the file in binary mode to avoid implicit line terminator con- versions (Cygwin). text[=<bool>] Opens the file in text mode to force implicit line terminator con- versions (Cygwin). noinherit[=<bool>] Does not keep this file open in a spawned process (Cygwin). cool-write[=<bool>] Takes it easy when write fails with EPIPE or ECONNRESET and logs the message with notice level instead of error. This prevents the log file from being filled with useless error messages when socat is used as a high volume server or proxy where clients often abort the connection. Use this option only with option fork because otherwise it might cause socat to exit with code 0 even on failure. This option is deprecated, consider using option children-shutup in- stead. end-close[=<bool>] Changes the (address dependent) method of ending a connection to just close the file descriptors. This is useful when the connection is to be reused by or shared with other processes (example). Normally, socket connections will be ended with shutdown(2) which terminates the socket even if it is shared by multiple processes. close(2) "unlinks" the socket from the process but keeps it active as long as there are still links from other processes. Similarly, when an address of type EXEC or SYSTEM is ended, socat usually will explicitly kill the sub process. With this option, it will just close the file descriptors. shut-none[=<bool>] Changes the (address dependent) method of shutting down the write part of a connection to not do anything. shut-down[=<bool>] Changes the (address dependent) method of shutting down the write part of a connection to shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR). Is only useful with sockets. shut-close[=<bool>] Changes the (address dependent) method of shutting down the write part of a connection to close(fd). shut-null[=<bool>] When one address indicates EOF, socat will send a zero sized packet to the write channel of the other address to transfer the EOF condi- tion. This is useful with UDP and other datagram protocols. Has been tested against netcat and socat with option null-eof. null-eof[=<bool>] Normally socat will ignore empty (zero size payload) packets arriv- ing on datagram sockets, so it survives port scans. With this option socat interprets empty datagram packets as EOF indicator (see shut-null). ioctl-void=<request> Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and NULL as third argument. This option allows utilizing ioctls that are not ex- plicitly implemented in socat. ioctl-int=<request>:<value> Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and the in- teger value as third argument. ioctl-intp=<request>:<value> Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and a pointer to the integer value as third argument. ioctl-bin=<request>:<value> Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and a pointer to the given data value as third argument. This data must be specified in <dalan> form. ioctl-string=<request>:<value> Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and a pointer to the given string as third argument. <dalan> form. NAMED option group These options work on file system entries. Please note that, with UNIX domain client addresses, this means the bind entry, not the target/peer entry. See also options user, group, and mode. user-early=<user> Changes the <user> (owner) of the file system entry before accessing it, using the chown() system call. This call might require root privilege. group-early=<group> Changes the <group> of the file system entry before accessing it, using the chown() system call. This call might require group member- ship or root privilege. perm-early=<mode> Changes the <mode> [mode_t] of the file system entry before access- ing it, using the chmod() system call. This call might require own- ership or root privilege. unlink-early[=<bool>] Unlinks (removes) the file before opening it and even before apply- ing user-early etc. unlink[=<bool>] Unlinks (removes) the file before accessing it, but after user-early etc. unlink-late[=<bool>] Unlinks (removes) the file after opening it to make it inaccessible for other processes after a short race condition. unlink-close[=<bool>] Controls removal of the addresses file system entry when closing the address. For named pipes, UNIX domain sockets, and the symbolic links of pty addresses, the default is remove (1); for created files, opened files, and generic opened files the default is keep (0). Setting this option to 1 removes the entry, 0 keeps it. No value means 1. OPEN option group The OPEN group options allow setting flags with the open() system call. E.g., option `creat' sets the O_CREAT flag. When the used address does not use open() (e.g.STDIO), the fcntl(..., F_SETFL, ...) call is used instead. See also options append and nonblock. creat[=<bool>] Creates the file if it does not exist (example). dsync[=<bool>] Blocks write() calls until metainfo is physically written to media. excl[=<bool>] With option creat, if file exists this is an error. largefile[=<bool>] On 32 bit systems, allows a file larger than 2^31 bytes. noatime[=<bool>] Sets the O_NOATIME options, so reads do not change the access time- stamp. noctty[=<bool>] Does not make this file the controlling terminal. nofollow[=<bool>] Does not follow symbolic links. nshare[=<bool>] Does not allow sharing this file with other processes. rshare[=<bool>] Does not allow other processes to open this file for writing. rsync[=<bool>] Blocks write() until metainfo is physically written to media. sync[=<bool>] Blocks write() until data is physically written to media. rdonly[=<bool>] Opens the file for reading only. wronly[=<bool>] Opens the file for writing only. trunc[=<bool>] Truncates the file to size 0 during opening it. REG and BLK option group These options are usually applied to a UN*X file descriptor, but their se- mantics make sense only on a file supporting random access. seek=<offset> Applies the lseek(fd, <offset>, SEEK_SET) (or lseek64 ) system call, thus positioning the file pointer absolutely to <offset> [off_t or off64_t]. Please note that a missing value defaults to 1, not 0. seek-cur=<offset> Applies the lseek(fd, <offset>, SEEK_CUR) (or lseek64 ) system call, thus positioning the file pointer <offset> [off_t or off64_t] bytes relatively to its current position (which is usually 0). Please note that a missing value defaults to 1, not 0. seek-end=<offset> Applies the lseek(fd, <offset>, SEEK_END) (or lseek64 ) system call, thus positioning the file pointer <offset> [off_t or off64_t] bytes relatively to the files current end. Please note that a missing value defaults to 1, not 0. ftruncate=<offset> Applies the ftruncate(fd, <offset>) (or ftruncate64 if available) system call, thus truncating the file at the position <offset> [off_t or off64_t]. Please note that a missing value defaults to 1, not 0. secrm[=<bool>] unrm[=<bool>] compr[=<bool>] fs-sync[=<bool>] immutable[=<bool>] fs-append[=<bool>] nodump[=<bool>] fs-noatime[=<bool>] journal-data[=<bool>] notail[=<bool>] dirsync[=<bool>] These options change non standard file attributes on operating sys- tems and file systems that support these features, like Linux with ext2fs and successors, xfs, or reiserfs. See man 1 chattr for infor- mation on these options. Please note that there might be a race con- dition between creating the file and applying these options. PIPE options These options may be applied to pipes (fifos). f-setpipe-sz=<int> setpipe=<int> Set the number of bytes a pipe can buffer. Where more bytes are written the writing process might block. When more bytes are written in a single write() the writing process blocks and might never re- cover. General address options These options may be applied to all address types. They change some process properties that are restored after opening the address. chdir=<filename> cd=<filename> Changes the working directory. After opening the address the master process changes back to the original working directory. Sub processes inherit the temporary setting. umask=<mode> Sets the umask of the process to <mode> [mode_t] before opening the address. Useful when file system entries are created or a shell or program is invoked. Usually the value is specified as octal number with leading '0'. The processes umask value is inherited by child processes. Note: umask is an inverted value: creating a file with umask=0026 results in permissions 0640. PROCESS option group Options of this group change the process properties instead of just affect- ing one data channel. For EXEC and SYSTEM addresses and for LISTEN and CONNECT type addresses with option fork, these options apply to the child processes instead of the main socat process. chroot=<directory> Performs a chroot() operation to <directory> after processing the address (example). This call might require root privilege. chroot-early=<directory> Performs a chroot() operation to <directory> before opening the ad- dress. This call might require root privilege. setgid=<group> Changes the primary <group> of the process after processing the ad- dress. This call might require root privilege. Please note that this option does not drop other group related privileges. setgid-early=<group> Like setgid but is performed before opening the address. setuid=<user> Changes the <user> (owner) of the process after processing the ad- dress. This call might require root privilege. Please note that this option does not drop group related privileges. Check if option su better fits your needs. setuid-early=<user> Like setuid but is performed before opening the address. su=<user> Changes the <user> (owner) and groups of the process after process- ing the address (example). This call might require root privilege. su-d=<user> Short name for substuser-delayed. Changes the <user> (owner) and groups of the process after processing the address (example). The user and his groups are retrieved before a possible chroot() . This call might require root privilege. setpgid=<pid_t> Makes the process a member of the specified process group <pid_t>. If no value is given, or if the value is 0 or 1, the process becomes leader of a new process group. setsid Makes the process the leader of a new session (example). netns=<net-namespace-name> Before opening the address it tries to switch to the named network namespace. After opening the address it switches back to the previ- ous namespace (example with TCP forwarder, example with virtual net- work connection). Only on Linux; this option requires root and is experimental. READLINE option group These options apply to the readline address type. history=<filename> Reads and writes history from/to <filename> (example). noprompt Since version 1.4.0, socat per default tries to determine a prompt - that is then passed to the readline call - by remembering the last incomplete line of the output. With this option, socat does not pass a prompt to readline, so it begins line editing in the first column of the terminal. noecho=<pattern> Specifies a regular pattern for a prompt that prevents the following input line from being displayed on the screen and from being added to the history. The prompt is defined as the text that was output to the readline address after the last newline character and before an input character was typed. The pattern is a regular expression, e.g. "^[Pp]assword:.*$" or "([Uu]ser:|[Pp]assword:)". See regex(7) for details. (example) prompt=<string> Passes the string as prompt to the readline function. readline prints this prompt when stepping through the history. If this string matches a constant prompt issued by an interactive program on the other socat address, consistent look and feel can be achieved. APPLICATION option group This group contains options that work at data level. Note that these op- tions only apply to the "raw" data transferred by socat, but not to proto- col data used by addresses like PROXY. cr Converts the default line termination character NL ('\n', 0x0a) to/from CR ('\r', 0x0d) when writing/reading on this channel. crnl Converts the default line termination character NL ('\n', 0x0a) to/from CRNL ("\r\n", 0x0d0a) when writing/reading on this channel (example). Note: socat simply strips all CR characters. ignoreeof When EOF occurs on this channel, socat ignores it and tries to read more data (like "tail -f") (example). readbytes=<bytes> socat reads only so many bytes from this address (the address pro- vides only so many bytes for transfer and pretends to be at EOF af- terwards). Must be greater than 0. lockfile=<filename> If lockfile exists, exits with error. If lockfile does not exist, creates it and continues, unlinks lockfile on exit. waitlock=<filename> If lockfile exists, waits until it disappears. When lockfile does not exist, creates it and continues, unlinks lockfile on exit. escape=<int> Specifies the numeric code of a character that triggers EOF on the input stream. It is useful with a terminal in raw mode (example). SOCKET option group These options are intended for all kinds of sockets, e.g. IP or UNIX do- main. Most are applied with a setsockopt() call. bind=<sockname> Binds the socket to the given socket address using the bind() system call. The form of <sockname> is socket domain dependent: IP4 and IP6 allow the form [hostname|hostaddress][:(service|port)] (example), VSOCK allows the form [cid][:(port)]. See also: unix-bind-tempname connect-timeout=<seconds> Abort the connection attempt after <seconds> [timeval] with error status. so-bindtodevice=<interface> Binds the socket to the given <interface>. This option might re- quire root privilege. broadcast For datagram sockets, allows sending to broadcast addresses and re- ceiving packets addressed to broadcast addresses. debug Enables socket debugging. dontroute Only communicates with directly connected peers, does not use routers. keepalive Enables sending keepalives on the socket. linger=<seconds> Blocks shutdown() or close() until data transfers have finished or the given timeout [int] expired. oobinline Places out-of-band data in the input data stream. priority=<priority> Sets the protocol defined <priority> [<int>] for outgoing packets. rcvbuf=<bytes> Sets the size of the receive buffer after the socket() call to <bytes> [int]. With TCP sockets, this value corresponds to the socket's maximal window size. rcvbuf-late=<bytes> Sets the size of the receive buffer when the socket is already con- nected to <bytes> [int]. With TCP sockets, this value corresponds to the socket's maximal window size. so-rcvtimeo=<time>, rcvtimeo=<time> Specifies the time [int] until recv() , read() etc. functions time- out when no data is received. Note that in the transfer phase socat only calls these functions when select() has reported that data is available. However this option is useful with DTLS addresses to timeout during connection negotiation. so-sndtimeo=<time>, sndtimeo=<time> Like so-rcvtimeo, but for send . Not usecase known. rcvlowat=<bytes> Specifies the minimum number of received bytes [int] until the socket layer will pass the buffered data to socat. reuseaddr[=[0|1]] Allows other sockets to bind to an address even if parts of it (e.g. the local port) are already in use by socat. With version 1.8.0, this socket option is set automatically for TCP LISTEN addresses. If you prefer the system default (no related set- sockopt(...SO_REUSEADDR...) call at all), use form reuseaddr=. (example). sndbuf=<bytes> Sets the size of the send buffer after the socket() call to <bytes> [int]. sndbuf-late=<bytes> Sets the size of the send buffer when the socket is connected to <bytes> [int]. sndlowat=<bytes> Specifies the minimum number of bytes in the send buffer until the socket layer will send the data to <bytes> [int]. protocol-family=<string>, pf=<string> pf means protocol family, sometimes called communication domain or address family. It forces the use of the specified IP version or protocol. <string> can be a number or something like "ip4" (meaning 2) or "ip6" (meaning 10). The resulting value is used as first ar- gument to the socket() or socketpair() calls, and in the field ai_family in the getaddrinfo() hints. This option affects address resolution and the required syntax of bind and range options. socktype=<type> Sets the type of the socket, specified as second argument to the socket() or socketpair() calls, to <type> [int]. Address resolution is not affected by this option. Under Linux, 1 means stream ori- ented socket, 2 means datagram socket, 3 means raw socket, and 5 se- qpacket (stream keeping packet boundaries). Datagrams are useful when you want to keep packet boundaries. protocol Sets the protocol of the socket, specified as third argument to the socket() or socketpair() calls, to <protocol> [int]. Address resolu- tion is not affected by this option. 6 means TCP, 17 means UDP. reuseport Set the SO_REUSEPORT socket option. so-timestamp Sets the SO_TIMESTAMP socket option. This enables receiving and log- ging of timestamp ancillary messages. setsockopt=<level>:<optname>:<optval> Invokes setsockopt() for the socket with the given parameters. level [int] is used as second argument to setsockopt() and specifies the layer, e.g. SOL_TCP for TCP (6 on Linux), or SOL_SOCKET for the socket layer (1 on Linux). optname [int] is the third argument to setsockopt() and tells which socket option is to be set. For the ac- tual numbers you might have to look up the appropriate include files of your system. For the 4th and 5th setsockopt() parameters, value [dalan] specifies an arbitrary sequence of bytes that are passed to the function per pointer, with the automatically derived length pa- rameter. setsockopt-int=<level>:<optname>:<optval> Like setsockopt, but <optval> is a pointer to int [int] setsockopt-listen=<level>:<optname>:<optval> Like setsockopt, but for listen type addresses it is applied to the listening socket instead of the connected socket. setsockopt-string=<level>:<optname>:<optval> Like setsockopt, but <optval> is a string. This string is passed to the function with trailing null character, and the length parameter is automatically derived from the data. setsockopt-socket=<level>:<optname>:<optval> Like setsockopt, but is applied to the socket before other opera- tions ( bind() , connect() , accept() , ...) setsockopt-connected=<level>:<optname>:<optval> Like setsockopt, but is applied only when the socket has been con- nected by a connect() or listen() call. UNIX option group These options apply to UNIX domain based addresses. bind-tempname[=/tmp/pre-XXXXXX], unix-bind-tempname[=/tmp/pre-XXXXXX]" Binds to a random path or ran- dom address (on abstract namespace sockets). This is useful with datagram client addresses (SENDTO, or CLIENT) that are opened in child processes forked off from a common parent process where the child processes cannot have different bind options. In the path X 's get replaced with a random character sequence similar to temp- nam(3). When no argument is given socat takes a default like /tmp/fileXXXXXX . unix-tightsocklen[=(0|1)] On socket operations, pass a socket address length that does not in- clude the whole struct sockaddr_un record but (besides other compo- nents) only the relevant part of the filename or abstract string. Default is 1. IP4 and IP6 option groups These options can be used with IPv4 and IPv6 based sockets. tos=<tos> Sets the TOS (type of service) field of outgoing packets to <tos> [byte] (see RFC 791). ttl=<ttl> Sets the TTL (time to live) field of outgoing packets to <ttl> [byte]. ip-options=<data> Sets IP options like source routing. Must be given in binary form, recommended format is a leading "x" followed by an even number of hex digits. This option may be used multiple times, data are ap- pended. E.g., to connect to host 10.0.0.1 via some gateway using a loose source route, use the gateway as address parameter and set a loose source route using the option ip-options=x8307040a000001 . IP options are defined in RFC 791. ip-mtu-discover=<0|1|2>, mtudiscover=<0|1|2> Takes 0, 1, 2 to never, want, or always use path MTU discover on the IPv4 socket. ip-pktinfo Sets the IP_PKTINFO socket option. This enables receiving and log- ging of ancillary messages containing destination address and inter- face (Linux) (example). ip-recverr Sets the IP_RECVERR socket option. This enables receiving and log- ging of ancillary messages containing detailed error information. ip-recvopts Sets the IP_RECVOPTS socket option. This enables receiving and log- ging of IP options ancillary messages (Linux, *BSD). ip-recvtos Sets the IP_RECVTOS socket option. This enables receiving and log- ging of TOS (type of service) ancillary messages (Linux). ip-recvttl Sets the IP_RECVTTL socket option. This enables receiving and log- ging of TTL (time to live) ancillary messages (Linux, *BSD). ip-recvdstaddr Sets the IP_RECVDSTADDR socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing destination address (*BSD) (example). ip-recvif Sets the IP_RECVIF socket option. This enables receiving and logging of interface ancillary messages (*BSD) (example). ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-address> ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-name> ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-index> ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-address:interface-name> ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-address:interface-index> Makes the socket member of the specified multicast group. This only works for IPv4, see ipv6-join-group for the IPv6 variant. The option takes the IP address of the multicast group and info about the de- sired network interface. The most common syntax is the first one, while the others are only available on systems that provide struct mreqn (Linux). The indices of active network interfaces can be shown using the utility procan. ip-add-source-membership=<multicast-address:interface-address:source-ad- dress> Makes the socket member of the specified multicast group for the specified source, i.e. only multicast traffic from this address is to be delivered. This only works for IPv4, see ipv6-join-source-group for the IPv6 variant. The option takes the IP address of the multicast group, the IP address of the desired net- work interface and the source IP address of the multicast traffic. ipv6-join-group=<multicast-address:interface-name> ipv6-join-group=<multicast-address:interface-index> Makes the socket member of the specified multicast group. This only works for IPv6, see ip-add-membership for the IPv4 variant. The op- tion takes the IP address of the multicast group and info about the desired network interface. The indices of active network interfaces can be shown using the utility procan. ipv6-join-source-group=<multicast-address:interface-name:source-address> ipv6-join-source-group=<multicast-address:interface-index:source-address> Makes the socket member of the specified multicast group for the specified source, i.e. only multicast traffic from this address is to be delivered. This only works for IPv6, see ip-add-source-member- ship for the IPv4 variant. The option takes the IP address of the multicast group, info about the desired network interface and the source IP address of the multicast traffic. The indices of active network interfaces can be shown using the utility procan. ip-multicast-if=<hostname> Specifies hostname or address of the network interface to be used for multicast traffic. ip-multicast-loop[=<bool>], mcloop[=<bool>] Specifies if outgoing multicast traffic should also loop back to the interface. ip-multicast-ttl=<byte> Sets the TTL used for outgoing multicast traffic. Default is 1. ip-transparent Sets the IP_TRANSPARENT socket option. This option might require root privilege. Resolver options These options temporarily change the behaviour of hostname resolution. The options of form ai-* affect behaviour of the getaddrinfo() function that includes /etc/hosts and NIS based lookups. The addresses of form res-* only affect DNS lookups, and only when the re- sult is not cached in nscd . These options might not work on all operating systems or libc implementations. ai-addrconfig[=0|1] addrconfig[=0|1] Sets or unsets the AI_ADDRCONFIG flag to prevent name resolution to address families that are not available on the computer (e.g. IPv6). Default value is 1 in case the resolver does not get an address fam- ily hint from Socat address or defaults. ai-passive[=0|1] passive[=0|1] Sets of unsets the AI_PASSIVE flag for getaddrinfo() calls. Default is 1 for LISTEN, RECV, and RECVFROM type addresses, and with bind option. ai-v4mapped[=0|1] v4mapped[=0|1] Sets or unsets the AI_V4MAPPED flag for getaddrinfo() . With socat addresses requiring IPv6 addresses, this resolves IPv4 addresses to the appropriate IPv6 address [::ffff:*:*]. For IPv6 socat addresses, the default is 1. ai-all[=0|1] Sets or unsets the AI_ALL flag for getaddrinfo() . res-debug res-aaonly res-usevc res-primary res-igntc res-recurse res-defnames res-stayopen res-dnsrch These options set the corresponding resolver (name resolution) op- tion flags. Append "=0" to clear a default option. See man re- solver(5) for more information on these options. Socat restores the old values after finishing the open phase of the address, so these options are valid just for the address they are applied to. Please note that these flags only affect DNS resolution, but not hosts or NIS based name resolution, and they have no effect when (g)libc retrieves the results from nscd . res-retrans=<int> Sets the retransmission time interval of the DNS resolver (based on an undocumented feature). res-retry=<int> Sets the number of retransmits of the DNS resolver (based on an un- documented feature). res-nsaddr=<ipaddr>[:<port>] Tries to overwrite nameserver settings loaded from /etc/resolv.conf by writing the given IPv4 address into the undocumented _res:nsaddr_list[0] field. /etc/hosts is still checked by resolver. Please note that glibc's nscd is always queried first when it is running! IP6 option group These options can only be used on IPv6 based sockets. See IP options for options that can be applied to both IPv4 and IPv6 sockets. ipv6only[=<bool>] Sets the IPV6_V6ONLY socket option. If 0, the TCP stack will also accept connections using IPv4 protocol on the same port. The default is system dependent. ipv6-recvdstopts Sets the IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing the destination options. ipv6-recvhoplimit Sets the IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing the hoplimit. ipv6-recvhopopts Sets the IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing the hop options. ipv6-recvpktinfo Sets the IPV6_RECVPKTINFO socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing destination address and in- terface. ipv6-unicast-hops=link(TYPE_INT)(<int>) Sets the IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS socket option. This sets the hop count limit (TTL) for outgoing unicast packets. ipv6-recvrthdr Sets the IPV6_RECVRTHDR socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing routing information. ipv6-tclass Sets the IPV6_TCLASS socket option. This sets the transfer class of outgoing packets. ipv6-recvtclass Sets the IPV6_RECVTCLASS socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing the transfer class. ipv6-multicast-loop[=<bool>], mcloop6[=<bool>] Specifies if outgoing multicast traffic should also loop back to the interface. ipv6-mtu-discover=<0|1|2>, mtudiscover6=<0|1|2> Takes 0, 1, 2 to never, want, or always use path MTU discover on the IPv6 socket. TCP option group These options may be applied to TCP sockets. They work by invoking setsock- opt() with the appropriate parameters. cork Doesn't send packets smaller than MSS (maximal segment size). defer-accept While listening, accepts connections only when data from the peer arrived. keepcnt=<count> Sets the number of keepalives before shutting down the socket to <count> [int]. keepidle=<seconds> Sets the idle time before sending the first keepalive to <seconds> [int]. keepintvl=<seconds> Sets the interval between two keepalives to <seconds> [int]. linger2=<seconds> Sets the time to keep the socket in FIN-WAIT-2 state to <seconds> [int]. mss=<bytes> Sets the MSS (maximum segment size) after the socket() call to <bytes> [int]. This value is then proposed to the peer with the SYN or SYN/ACK packet (example). mss-late=<bytes> Sets the MSS of the socket after connection has been established to <bytes> [int]. nodelayTurns off the Nagle algorithm for measuring the RTT (round trip time). rfc1323Enables RFC1323 TCP options: TCP window scale, round-trip time mea- surement (RTTM), and protect against wrapped sequence numbers (PAWS) (AIX). stdurg Enables RFC1122 compliant urgent pointer handling (AIX). syncnt=<count> Sets the maximal number of SYN retransmits during connect to <count> [int]. md5sig Enables generation of MD5 digests on the packets (FreeBSD). noopt Disables use of TCP options (FreeBSD, MacOSX). nopush sets the TCP_NOPUSH socket option (FreeBSD, MacOSX). sack-disable Disables use the selective acknowledge feature (OpenBSD). signature-enable Enables generation of MD5 digests on the packets (OpenBSD). abort-threshold=<milliseconds> Sets the time to wait for an answer of the peer on an established connection (HP-UX). conn-abort-threshold=<milliseconds> Sets the time to wait for an answer of the server during the initial connect (HP-UX). keepinit Sets the time to wait for an answer of the server during connect() before giving up. Value in half seconds, default is 150 (75s) (Tru64). paws Enables the "protect against wrapped sequence numbers" feature (Tru64). sackenaEnables selective acknowledge (Tru64). tsoptena Enables the time stamp option that allows RTT recalculation on ex- isting connections (Tru64). UDP option group This option may be applied to UDP datagram sockets. udp-ignore-peerport> Address UDP-DATAGRAM expects incoming responses to come from the port specified in its second parameter. With this option, it accepts packets coming from any port. UDPLITE option group These options may be applied to UDPLITE addresses: udplite-send-cscov Sets the number of bytes for which the checksum is calculated and sent ("checksum coverage"). udplite-recv-cscov Sets the number of bytes for which the checksum is checked ("check- sum coverage"). SCTP option group These options may be applied to SCTP stream sockets. sctp-nodelay Sets the SCTP_NODELAY socket option that disables the Nagle algo- rithm. sctp-maxseg=<bytes> Sets the SCTP_MAXSEG socket option to <bytes> [int]. This value is then proposed to the peer with the SYN or SYN/ACK packet. DCCP option group These options may be applied to DCCP sockets. dccp-set-ccid=<int> ccid=<int> Selects the desired congestion control mechanism (CCID). UDP, TCP, SCTP, DCCP, and UDPLITE option group Here we find options that are related to the network port mechanism and thus can be used with UDP, TCP, SCTP, DCCP, and UDP-Lite client and server addresses. sourceport=<port> For outgoing (client) connections, it sets the source <port> using an extra bind() call. With TCP or UDP listen addresses, socat imme- diately shuts down the connection if the client does not use this sourceport. UDP-RECV, UDP-RECVFROM, UDP-SENDTO, and UDP-DATAGRAM ad- dresses ignore the packet when it does not match. (example). lowportOutgoing (client) connections with this option use an unused random source port between 640 and 1023 incl. On UNIX class operating sys- tems, this requires root privilege, and thus indicates that the client process is authorized by local root. TCP and UDP listen ad- dresses with this option immediately shut down the connection if the client does not use a sourceport <= 1023. This mechanism can pro- vide limited authorization under some circumstances. SOCKS option group When using SOCKS type addresses, some socks specific options can be set. socksport=<tcp service> Overrides the default "socks" service or port 1080 for the socks server port with <TCP service>. socksuser=<user> Sends the <user> [string] in the username field to the socks server. Default is the actual user name ($LOGNAME or $USER) (example). sockspass=<string> Sends the given password [string] on username,password authentica- tion to the socks5 server. HTTP option group Options that can be provided with HTTP type addresses. The only HTTP ad- dress currently implemented is proxy-connect. http-version=<string> Changes the default "1.0" that is sent to the server in the initial HTTP request. Currently it has not other effect, in particular it does not provide any means to send a Host header. proxyport=<TCP service> Overrides the default HTTP proxy port 8080 with <TCP service>. ignorecr The HTTP protocol requires the use of CR+NL as line terminator. When a proxy server violates this standard, socat might not understand its answer. This option directs socat to interpret NL as line ter- minator and to ignore CR in the answer. Nevertheless, socat sends CR+NL to the proxy. proxy-authorization=<username>:<password> Provide "basic" authentication to the proxy server. The argument to the option is used with a "Proxy-Authorization: Basic" header in base64 encoded form. Note: username and password are visible for every user on the local machine in the process list; username and password are transferred to the proxy server unencrypted (base64 encoded) and might be sniffed. proxy-authorization-file=<filename> Like option proxy-authorization, but the credentials are read from the file and therefore not visible in the process list. resolvePer default, socat sends to the proxy a CONNECT request containing the target hostname. With this option, socat resolves the hostname locally and sends the IP address. Please note that, according to RFC 2396, only name resolution to IPv4 addresses is implemented. RANGE option group These options check if a connecting client should be granted access. They can be applied to listening and receiving network sockets. tcp-wrappers op- tions fall into this group. range=<address-range> After accepting a connection, tests if the peer is within range. For IPv4 addresses, address-range takes the form address/bits, e.g. 10.0.0.0/8, or address:mask, e.g. 10.0.0.0:255.0.0.0 (example); for IPv6, it is [ip6-address]/bits, e.g. [::1]/128. If the client ad- dress does not match, socat refuses the connection attempt, issues a warning, and keeps listening/receiving. tcpwrap[=<name>] Uses Wietse Venema's libwrap (tcpd) library to determine if the client is allowed to connect. The configuration files are /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny per default, see "man 5 hosts_access" for more information. The optional <name> (type string) is passed to the wrapper functions as daemon process name (example). If omitted, the basename of socats invocation (argv[0]) is passed. If both tcpwrap and range options are applied to an ad- dress, both conditions must be fulfilled to allow the connection. allow-table=<filename> Takes the specified file instead of /etc/hosts.allow. deny-table=<filename> Takes the specified file instead of /etc/hosts.deny. tcpwrap-etc=<directoryname> Looks for hosts.allow and hosts.deny in the specified directory. Is overridden by options hosts-allow and hosts-deny. LISTEN option group Options specific to listening sockets. backlog=<count> Sets the backlog value passed with the listen() system call to <count> [int]. Default is 5. accept-timeout=<seconds> End waiting for a connection after <seconds> [timeval] with error status. CHILD option group Addresses of LISTEN and CONNECT type take the fork option to handle multi- ple connections via child processes. fork After establishing a connection, handles its channel in a child process and keeps the parent process attempting to produce more con- nections, either by listening or by connecting in a loop (example). OPENSSL-CONNECT and OPENSSL-LISTEN differ in when they actually fork off the child: OPENSSL-LISTEN forks before the SSL handshake, while OPENSSL-CONNECT forks afterwards. retry and forever options are not inherited by the child process. On some operating systems (e.g. FreeBSD) this option does not work for UDP-LISTEN addresses. max-children=<count> Limits the number of concurrent child processes [int]. Default is no limit. children-shutup[=1|2|..] Decreases the severity of log messages produced by child processes. For example, with value 1 notices are logged as info (or dropped de- pending on option -dX), and errors are logged as warnings but still cause termination of the child process. This option is intended to reduce logging of high volume servers or proxies. This option succeeds option cool-write. EXEC option group Options for addresses that invoke a program. path=<string> Overrides the PATH environment variable for searching the program with <string>. This $PATH value is effective in the child process too. login Prefixes argv[0] for the execvp() call with '-', thus making a shell behave as login shell. FORK option group EXEC or SYSTEM addresses invoke a program using a child process and trans- fer data between socat and the program. The interprocess communication mechanism can be influenced with the following options. Per default, a socketpair() is created and assigned to stdin and stdout of the child process, while stderr is inherited from the socat process, and the child process uses file descriptors 0 and 1 for communicating with the main socat process. nofork Does not fork a subprocess for executing the program, instead calls execvp() or system() directly from the actual socat instance. This avoids the overhead of another process between the program and its peer, but introduces a lot of restrictions: o this option can only be applied to the second socat address. o it cannot be applied to a part of a dual address. o the first socat address cannot be OPENSSL or READLINE o socat options -b, -t, -D, -l, -v, -x become useless o for both addresses, options ignoreeof, cr, and crnl become useless o for both addresses, address specific end/shutdown handling (e.g., graceful socket shutdown) and related options become useless o for the second address (the one with option nofork), options append, cloexec, flock, user, group, mode, nonblock, perm-late, setlk, and setpgid cannot be applied. Some of these could be used on the first address though. pipes Creates a pair of unnamed pipes for interprocess communication in- stead of a socket pair. openptyEstablishes communication with the sub process using a pseudo termi- nal created with openpty() instead of the default (socketpair or ptmx). ptmx Establishes communication with the sub process using a pseudo termi- nal created by opening /dev/ptmx or /dev/ptc instead of the default (socketpair). pty Establishes communication with the sub process using a pseudo termi- nal instead of a socket pair. Creates the pty with an available mechanism. If openpty and ptmx are both available, it uses ptmx be- cause this is POSIX compliant (example). ctty Makes the pty the controlling tty of the sub process (example). stderr Directs stderr of the sub process to its output channel by making stderr a dup() of stdout (example). fdin=<fdnum> Assigns the sub processes input channel to its file descriptor <fd- num> instead of stdin (0). The program started from the subprocess has to use this fd for reading data from socat (example). fdout=<fdnum> Assigns the sub processes output channel to its file descriptor <fd- num> instead of stdout (1). The program started from the subprocess has to use this fd for writing data to socat (example). sighup, sigint, sigquit Has socat pass signals of this type to the sub process. If no ad- dress has this option, socat terminates on these signals. Options for address SHELL shell=<filename> Overwrites use the default shell with the named executable, e.g. /bin/dash. Also sets the SHELL environment variable. TERMIOS option group For addresses that work on a tty (e.g., stdio, file:/dev/tty, exec:...,pty), the terminal parameters defined in the UN*X termios mecha- nism are made available as address option parameters. Please note that changes of the parameters of your interactive terminal remain effective af- ter socat's termination, so you might have to enter "reset" or "stty sane" in your shell afterwards. For EXEC and SYSTEM addresses with option PTY, these options apply to the pty by the child processes. b0 Disconnects the terminal. b19200 Sets the serial line speed to 19200 baud. Some other rates are pos- sible; use something like socat -hh |grep ' b[1-9]' to find all speeds supported by your implementation. Note: On some operating systems, these options may not be available. Use ispeed or ospeed instead. echo[=<bool>] Enables or disables local echo. icanon[=<bool>] Sets or clears canonical mode, enabling line buffering and some spe- cial characters. raw Sets raw mode, thus passing input and output almost unprocessed. This option is obsolete, use option rawer or cfmakeraw instead. rawer Makes terminal rawer than raw option. This option implicitly turns off echo. (example). cfmakeraw Sets raw mode by invoking cfmakeraw() or by simulating this call. This option implicitly turns off echo. ignbrk[=<bool>] Ignores or interprets the BREAK character (e.g., ^C) brkint[=<bool>] bs0 bs1 bsdly=<0|1> clocal[=<bool>] cr0 cr1 cr2 cr3 Sets the carriage return delay to 0, 1, 2, or 3, respectively. 0 means no delay, the other values are terminal dependent. crdly=<0|1|2|3> cread[=<bool>] crtscts[=<bool>] cs5 cs6 cs7 cs8 Sets the character size to 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits, respectively. csize=<0|1|2|3> cstopb[=<bool>] Sets two stop bits, rather than one. dsusp=<byte> Sets the value for the VDSUSP character that suspends the current foreground process and reactivates the shell (all except Linux). echoctl[=<bool>] Echos control characters in hat notation (e.g. ^A) echoe[=<bool>] echok[=<bool>] echoke[=<bool>] echonl[=<bool>] echoprt[=<bool>] eof=<byte> eol=<byte> eol2=<byte> erase=<byte> discard=<byte> ff0 ff1 ffdly[=<bool>] flusho[=<bool>] hupcl[=<bool>] icrnl[=<bool>] iexten[=<bool>] igncr[=<bool>] ignpar[=<bool>] imaxbel[=<bool>] inlcr[=<bool>] inpck[=<bool>] intr=<byte> isig[=<bool>] ispeed=<unsigned-int> Set the baud rate for incoming data on this line. See also: ospeed, b19200 istrip[=<bool>] iuclc[=<bool>] ixany[=<bool>] ixoff[=<bool>] ixon[=<bool>] kill=<byte> lnext=<byte> min=<byte> nl0 Sets the newline delay to 0. nl1 nldly[=<bool>] noflsh[=<bool>] ocrnl[=<bool>] ofdel[=<bool>] ofill[=<bool>] olcuc[=<bool>] onlcr[=<bool>] onlret[=<bool>] onocr[=<bool>] opost[=<bool>] Enables or disables output processing; e.g., converts NL to CR-NL. ospeed=<unsigned-int> Set the baud rate for outgoing data on this line. See also: ispeed, b19200 parenb[=<bool>] Enable parity generation on output and parity checking for input. parmrk[=<bool>] parodd[=<bool>] pendin[=<bool>] quit=<byte> reprint=<byte> sane Brings the terminal to something like a useful default state. start=<byte> stop=<byte> susp=<byte> swtc=<byte> tab0 tab1 tab2 tab3 tabdly=<unsigned-int> time=<byte> tostop[=<bool>] vt0 vt1 vtdly[=<bool>] werase=<byte> xcase[=<bool>] xtabs i-pop-all With UNIX System V STREAMS, removes all drivers from the stack. i-push=<string> With UNIX System V STREAMS, pushes the driver (module) with the given name (string) onto the stack. For example, to make sure that a character device on Solaris supports termios etc, use the following options: i-pop-all,i-push=ptem,i-push=ldterm,i-push=ttcompat termios-setflags=<word>:<flags>, setflags=<word>:<flags> Sets one c_*flag word of struct termios to the given value. Word 0 is c_iflag, word 3 is c_lflag. PTY option group These options are intended for use with the pty address type. link=<filename> Generates a symbolic link that points to the actual pseudo terminal (pty). This might help to solve the problem that ptys are generated with more or less unpredictable names, making it difficult to di- rectly access the socat generated pty automatically. With this op- tion, the user can specify a "fix" point in the file hierarchy that helps him to access the actual pty (example). Beginning with socat version 1.4.3, the symbolic link is removed when the address is closed (but see option unlink-close). wait-slave Blocks the open phase until a process opens the slave side of the pty. Usually, socat continues after generating the pty with opening the next address or with entering the transfer loop. With the wait-slave option, socat waits until some process opens the slave side of the pty before continuing. This option only works if the operating system provides the poll() system call. And it depends on an undocumented behaviour of pty's, so it does not work on all oper- ating systems. It has successfully been tested on Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and on Tru64 with openpty. pty-interval=<seconds> When the wait-slave option is set, socat periodically checks the HUP condition using poll() to find if the pty's slave side has been opened. The default polling interval is 1s. Use the pty-interval op- tion [timeval] to change this value. sitout-eio=<timeval> The login program in Linux closes its tty/pty and reopens it for se- curity reasons. During this time the pty master would get EIO on I/O operations and might terminate. With this option socat tolerates EIO for the specified time. Please note that in this state socat blocks traffic in both directions, even when it is not related to this channel. tiocswinsz=<col>:<row>, tiocswinsz=<col>:<row> Sets the size of a pseudo terminal. OPENSSL option group These options apply to the openssl and openssl-listen address types. cipher=<cipherlist> Specifies the list of ciphers that may be used for the connection. See the man page of ciphers , section CIPHER LIST FORMAT, for de- tailed information about syntax, values, and default of <ci- pherlist>. Several cipher strings may be given, separated by ':'. Some simple cipher strings: 3DES Uses a cipher suite with triple DES. MD5 Uses a cipher suite with MD5. aNULL Uses a cipher suite without authentication. NULL Does not use encryption. HIGH Uses a cipher suite with "high" encryption. Note that the peer must support the selected property, or the negotiation will fail. method=<ssl-method> This option is based on deprecated functions and is only available when socat was build with option --with-openssl-method. Use option min-proto-version and maybe max-proto-version instead. Sets the protocol version to be used. Valid strings (not case sensitive) are: SSL2 Select SSL protocol version 2. SSL3 Select SSL protocol version 3. SSL23 Select the best available SSL or TLS protocol. TLS1 Select TLS protocol version 1. TLS1.1 Select TLS protocol version 1.1. TLS1.2 Select TLS protocol version 1.2. When this option is not provided OpenSSL negotiates the method with its peer. openssl-min-proto-version=<string>, min-proto-version=<string> This option tells OpenSSL to use this or a later SSL/TLS protocol version and refuses to accept a lower/older protocol. Valid syntax is: SSL2 Select SSL protocol version 2. SSL3 Select SSL protocol version 3. TLS1 TLS1.0 Select TLS protocol version 1. TLS1.1 Select TLS protocol version 1.1. TLS1.2 Select TLS protocol version 1.2. TLS1.3 Select TLS protocol version 1.3. openssl-max-proto-version=<string>, max-proto-version=<string> This option is similar to min-proto-version, however, it disallows use of a higher protocol version. Useful for testing the peer. verify[=<bool>] Controls check of the peer's certificate. Default is 1 (true). Dis- abling verify might open your socket for everyone, making the en- cryption useless! cert=<filename> Specifies the file with the certificate and private key for authen- tication. The certificate must be in OpenSSL format (*.pem). With openssl-listen, use of this option is strongly recommended. Except with cipher aNULL, "no shared ciphers" error will occur when no cer- tificate is given. key=<filename> Specifies the file with the private key. The private key may be in this file or in the file given with the cert option. The party that has to proof that it is the owner of a certificate needs the private key. dhparams=<filename> Specifies the file with the Diffie Hellman parameters. These parame- ters may also be in the file given with the cert option in which case the dhparams option is not needed. cafile=<filename> Specifies the file with the trusted (root) authority certificates. The file must be in PEM format and should contain one or more cer- tificates. The party that checks the authentication of its peer trusts only certificates that are in this file. capath=<dirname> Specifies the directory with the trusted (root) certificates. The directory must contain certificates in PEM format and their hashes (see OpenSSL documentation) egd=<filename> On some systems, openssl requires an explicit source of random data. Specify the socket name where an entropy gathering daemon like egd provides random data, e.g. /dev/egd-pool. openssl-maxfraglen=<int>, maxfraglen=<int> For client connections, make a Max Fragment Length Negotiation Re- quest to the server to limit the maximum size fragment the server will send to us. Supported lengths are: 512, 1024, 2048, or 4096. Note that this option is not applicable for OPENSSL-LISTEN. openssl-maxsendfrag=<int>, maxsendfrag=<int> Limit the maximum size of the fragment we will send to the other side. Supported length range: 512 - 16384. Note that under OPENSSL-LISTEN, the maximum fragment size may be further limited by the client's Maximum Fragment Length Negotiation Request, if it makes one. pseudo On systems where openssl cannot find an entropy source and where no entropy gathering daemon can be utilized, this option activates a mechanism for providing pseudo entropy. This is achieved by taking the current time in microseconds for feeding the libc pseudo random number generator with an initial value. openssl is then fed with output from random() calls. NOTE:This mechanism is not sufficient for generation of secure keys! compress Enable or disable the use of compression for a connection. Setting this to "none" disables compression, setting it to "auto" lets OpenSSL choose the best available algorithm supported by both par- ties. The default is to not touch any compression-related settings. NOTE: Requires OpenSSL 0.9.8 or higher and disabling compression with OpenSSL 0.9.8 affects all new connections in the process. commonname=<string> Specify the commonname that the peer certificate must match. With OPENSSL-CONNECT address this overrides the given hostname or IP tar- get address; with OPENSSL-LISTEN this turns on check of peer cer- tificates commonname. This option has only meaning when option ver- ify is not disabled and the chosen cipher provides a peer certifi- cate. no-sni[=<bool>] Do not use the client side Server Name Indication (SNI) feature that selects the desired server certificate. Note: SNI is automatically used since socat version 1.7.4.0 and uses commonname or the given host name. snihost=<string> Set the client side Server Name Indication (SNI) host name different from the addressed server name or common name. This might be useful when the server certificate has multiple host names or wildcard names because the SNI host name is passed in cleartext to the server and might be eavesdropped; with this option a mock name of the de- sired certificate may be transferred. fips Enables FIPS mode if compiled in. For info about the FIPS encryption implementation standard see http://oss-institute.org/fips-faq.html. This mode might require that the involved certificates are generated with a FIPS enabled version of openssl. Setting or clearing this op- tion on one socat address affects all OpenSSL addresses of this process. RETRY option group Options that control retry of some system calls, especially connection at- tempts. retry=<num> Number of retries before the connection or listen attempt is aborted. Default is 0, which means just one attempt. interval=<timespec> Time between consecutive attempts (seconds, [timespec]). Default is 1 second. foreverPerforms an unlimited number of retry attempts. INTERFACE option group These options may be applied to addresses INTERFACE and TUN. These address types and options are currently only implemented on Linux operating system. Note regarding VLANs: On incoming packets the Linux kernel strips off the VLAN tag before passing the data to the user space program on raw sockets. Special measures are required to get the VLAN information, see packet(7) PACKET_AUXDATA, and to optionally insert the tag into the packet again, use option retrieve-vlan when you need this. retrieve-vlan On packets incoming on raw sockets, retrieve the VLAN information and insert it into the packets for further processing (Linux) iff-up Sets the TUN network interface status UP. Strongly recommended. iff-broadcast Sets the BROADCAST flag of the TUN network interface. iff-debug Sets the DEBUG flag of the TUN network interface. iff-loopback Sets the LOOPBACK flag of the TUN network interface. iff-pointopoint Sets the POINTOPOINT flag of the TUN device. iff-notrailers Sets the NOTRAILERS flag of the TUN device. iff-running Sets the RUNNING flag of the TUN device. iff-noarp Sets the NOARP flag of the TUN device. iff-promisc Sets the PROMISC flag of the TUN device. iff-allmulti Sets the ALLMULTI flag of the TUN device. iff-master Sets the MASTER flag of the TUN device. iff-slave Sets the SLAVE flag of the TUN device. iff-multicast Sets the MULTICAST flag of the TUN device. iff-portsel Sets the PORTSEL flag of the TUN device. iff-automedia Sets the AUTOMEDIA flag of the TUN device. iff-dynamic Sets the DYNAMIC flag of the TUN device. interface-mtu=<num> (if-mtu=<num>) Sets the interfaces MTU using the netlink interface. TUN option group Options that control Linux TUN/TAP interface device addresses. tun-device=<device-file> Instructs socat to take another path for the TUN clone device. De- fault is /dev/net/tun. tun-name=<if-name> Gives the resulting network interface a specific name instead of the system generated (tun0, tun1, etc.) tun-type=[tun|tap] Sets the type of the TUN device; use this option to generate a TAP device. See the Linux docu for the difference between these types. When you try to establish a tunnel between two TUN devices, their types should be the same. iff-no-pi Sets the IFF_NO_PI flag which controls if the device includes addi- tional packet information in the tunnel. When you try to establish a tunnel between two TUN devices, these flags should have the same values. POSIX-MQ option group Options that may be applied to POSIX-MQ addresses. posixmq-priority=<link(TYPE_UNSIGNED_INT)(unsigned int)> (mq-prio) ) Sets the priority of messages (packets) written to the queue, or the minimal priority of packet to be read from the queue. posixmq-flush (mq-flush) "Consumes" (drops) all messages currently in the queue before start- ing transfers. posixmq-maxmsg=<long> (mq-maxmsg) Sets the maxmsg parameter of the POSIX message queue when creating it. Note: This option applies only when the queue does not already ex- ist. Note: The value is restricted by kernel setting /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msg_max with system default as low as 10. posixmq-msgsize=<long> (mq-msgsize) Sets the msgsize parameter of the POSIX message queue when creating it. Note: This option applies only when the queue does not already ex- ist. Note: The value is restricted by kernel setting /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msgsize_max . DATA VALUES This section explains the different data types that address parameters and address options can take. address-range Is currently only implemented for IPv4 and IPv6. See address-option `range' bool "0" or "1"; if value is omitted, "1" is taken. byte An unsigned int number, read with strtoul() , lower or equal to UCHAR_MAX . command-line A string specifying a program name and its arguments, separated by single spaces. data This is a more general data specification, "dalan" (low level data description language). The given text string contains information about the target data type and value. Generally a leading character specifies the type of the following data item. In its specific con- text a default data type may exist. Currently only the following specifications are implemented: i A signed integer number, stored in host byte order. Example: i-1000 (Integer number -1000) I An unsigned integer number, stored in host byte order. l A signed long integer number, stored in host byte order. L An unsigned long integer number, stored in host byte order. s A signed short integer number, stored in host byte order. S An unsigned short integer number, stored in host byte order. b A signed byte (signed char). B An unsigned byte (unsigned char). x Following is an even number of hex digits, stored as sequence of bytes, the data length is the resulting number of bytes. Example: x7f000001 (IP address 127.0.0.1) " Following is a string that is used with the common conversions \n \r \t \f \b \a \e \0; the string must be closed with '"'. Please note that the quotes and backslashes need to be escaped from shell and socat conversion. No implicit \0 is appended. Example: "Hello world!\n" ' A single char, with the usual conversions. Please note that the quotes and backslashes need to be escaped from shell and socat con- version. Example: 'a' Data items may be separated with white space without need to repeat the type specifier again. directory A string with usual UN*X directory name semantics. facility The name of a syslog facility in lower case characters. fdnum An unsigned int type, read with strtoul() , specifying a UN*X file descriptor. filename A string with usual UN*X filename semantics. group If the first character is a decimal digit, the value is read with strtoul() as unsigned integer specifying a group id. Otherwise, it must be an existing group name. int A number following the rules of the strtol() function with base "0", i.e. decimal number, octal number with leading "0", or hexadecimal number with leading "0x". The value must fit into a C int. interface A string specifying the device name of a network interface as shown by ifconfig or procan, e.g. "eth0". IP address An IPv4 address in numbers-and-dots notation, an IPv6 address in hex notation enclosed in brackets, or a hostname that resolves to an IPv4 or an IPv6 address. Examples: 127.0.0.1, [::1], www.dest-unreach.org, dns1 IPv4 address An IPv4 address in numbers-and-dots notation or a hostname that re- solves to an IPv4 address. Examples: 127.0.0.1, www.dest-unreach.org, dns2 IPv6 address An IPv6 address in hexnumbers-and-colons notation enclosed in brack- ets, or a hostname that resolves to an IPv6 address. Examples: [::1], [1234:5678:9abc:def0:1234:5678:9abc:def0], ip6name.domain.org long A number read with strtol() . The value must fit into a C long. long long A number read with strtoll() . The value must fit into a C long long. off_t An implementation dependent signed number, usually 32 bits, read with strtol or strtoll. off64_tAn implementation dependent signed number, usually 64 bits, read with strtol or strtoll. mode_t An unsigned integer, read with strtoul() , specifying mode (permis- sion) bits. pid_t A number, read with strtol() , specifying a process id. port A uint16_t (16 bit unsigned number) specifying a TCP or UDP port, read with strtoul() . protocol An unsigned 8 bit number, read with strtoul() . size_t An unsigned number with size_t limitations, read with strtoul . sockname A socket address. See address-option `bind' string A sequence of characters, not containing '\0' and, depending on the position within the command line, ':', ',', or "!!". Note that you might have to escape shell meta characters in the command line. TCP service A service name, not starting with a digit, that is resolved by get- servbyname() , or an unsigned int 16 bit number read with strtoul() . timevalA double float specifying seconds; the number is mapped into a struct timeval, consisting of seconds and microseconds. timespec A double float specifying seconds; the number is mapped into a struct timespec, consisting of seconds and nanoseconds. UDP service A service name, not starting with a digit, that is resolved by get- servbyname() , or an unsigned int 16 bit number read with strtoul() . unsigned int A number read with strtoul() . The value must fit into a C unsigned int. user If the first character is a decimal digit, the value is read with strtoul() as unsigned integer specifying a user id. Otherwise, it must be an existing user name. VSOCK cid A uint32_t (32 bit unsigned number) specifying a VSOCK Context Iden- tifier (CID), read with strtoul() . There are several special ad- dresses: VMADDR_CID_ANY (-1U) means any address for binding; VMADDR_CID_HOST (2) is the well-known address of the host. VSOCK port A uint32_t (32 bit unsigned number) specifying a VSOCK port, read with strtoul() . EXAMPLES socat - TCP4:www.domain.org:80 transfers data between STDIO (-) and a TCP4 connection to port 80 of host www.domain.org. This example results in an interactive connec- tion similar to telnet or netcat. The stdin terminal parameters are not changed, so you may close the relay with ^D or abort it with ^C. socat -d -d \ READLINE,history=$HOME/.http_history \ TCP4:www.domain.org:www,crnl this is similar to the previous example, but you can edit the cur- rent line in a bash like manner (READLINE) and use the history file .http_history; socat prints messages about progress (-d -d). The port is specified by service name (www), and correct network line termination characters (crnl) instead of NL are used. socat \ TCP4-LISTEN:www \ TCP4:www.domain.org:www installs a simple TCP port forwarder. With TCP4-LISTEN it listens on local port "www" until a connection comes in, accepts it, then con- nects to the remote host (TCP4) and starts data transfer. It will not accept a second connection. socat -d -d -lmlocal2 \ TCP4-LISTEN:80,bind=myaddr1,reuseaddr,fork,su=nobody,range=10.0.0.0/8 \ TCP4:www.domain.org:80,bind=myaddr2 TCP port forwarder, each side bound to another local IP address (bind). This example handles an almost arbitrary number of parallel or consecutive connections by fork'ing a new process after each ac- cept() . It provides a little security by su'ing to user nobody af- ter forking; it only permits connections from the private 10 network (range); due to reuseaddr, it allows immediate restart after master process's termination, even if some child sockets are not completely shut down. With -lmlocal2, socat logs to stderr until successfully reaching the accept loop. Further logging is directed to syslog with facility local2. socat \ TCP4-LISTEN:5555,fork,tcpwrap=script \ EXEC:/bin/myscript,chroot=/home/sandbox,su-d=sandbox,pty,stderr a simple server that accepts connections (TCP4-LISTEN) and fork's a new child process for each connection; every child acts as single relay. The client must match the rules for daemon process name "script" in /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny, otherwise it is refused access (see "man 5 hosts_access"). For EXEC'uting the pro- gram, the child process chroot's to /home/sandbox, su's to user sandbox, and then starts the program /home/sandbox/bin/myscript. So- cat and myscript communicate via a pseudo tty (pty); myscript's stderr is redirected to stdout, so its error messages are trans- ferred via socat to the connected client. socat \ EXEC:"mail.sh target@domain.com",fdin=3,fdout=4 \ TCP4:mail.relay.org:25,crnl,bind=alias1.server.org,mss=512 mail.sh is a shell script, distributed with socat, that implements a simple SMTP client. It is programmed to "speak" SMTP on its FDs 3 (in) and 4 (out). The fdin and fdout options tell socat to use these FDs for communication with the program. Because mail.sh inher- its stdin and stdout while socat does not use them, the script can read a mail body from stdin. Socat makes alias1 your local source address (bind), cares for correct network line termination (crnl) and sends at most 512 data bytes per packet (mss). socat \ -,escape=0x0f \ /dev/ttyS0,rawer,crnl opens an interactive connection via the serial line, e.g. for talk- ing with a modem. rawer sets the console's and ttyS0's terminal pa- rameters to practicable values, crnl converts to correct newline characters. escape allows terminating the socat process with charac- ter control-O. Consider using READLINE instead of the first ad- dress. socat \ UNIX-LISTEN:/tmp/.X11-unix/X1,fork \ SOCKS4:host.victim.org:127.0.0.1:6000,socksuser=nobody,sourceport=20 with UNIX-LISTEN, socat opens a listening UNIX domain socket /tmp/.X11-unix/X1. This path corresponds to local XWindow display :1 on your machine, so XWindow client connections to DISPLAY=:1 are ac- cepted. Socat then speaks with the SOCKS4 server host.victim.org that might permit sourceport 20 based connections due to an FTP re- lated weakness in its static IP filters. Socat pretends to be in- voked by socksuser nobody, and requests to be connected to loopback port 6000 (only weak sockd configurations will allow this). So we get a connection to the victims XWindow server and, if it does not require MIT cookies or Kerberos authentication, we can start work. Please note that there can only be one connection at a time, because TCP can establish only one session with a given set of addresses and ports. socat -u \ /tmp/readdata,seek-end=0,ignoreeof \ STDIO this is an example for unidirectional data transfer (-u). Socat transfers data from file /tmp/readdata (implicit address GOPEN), starting at its current end (seek-end=0 lets socat start reading at current end of file; use seek=0 or no seek option to first read the existing data) in a "tail -f" like mode (ignoreeof). The "file" might also be a listening UNIX domain socket (do not use a seek op- tion then). (sleep 5; echo PASSWORD; sleep 5; echo ls; sleep 1) | \ socat - \ EXEC:'ssh -l user server',pty,setsid,ctty EXEC'utes an ssh session to server. Uses a pty for communication be- tween socat and ssh, makes it ssh's controlling tty (ctty), and makes this pty the owner of a new process group (setsid), so ssh ac- cepts the password from socat. socat -u \ TCP4-LISTEN:3334,reuseaddr,fork \ OPEN:/tmp/in.log,creat,append implements a simple network based message collector. For each client connecting to port 3334, a new child process is generated (option fork). All data sent by the clients are append'ed to the file /tmp/in.log. If the file does not exist, socat creat's it. Option reuseaddr allows immediate restart of the server process. socat \ READLINE,noecho='[Pp]assword:' \ EXEC:'ftp ftp.server.com',pty,setsid,ctty wraps a command line history (READLINE) around the EXEC'uted ftp client utility. This allows editing and reuse of FTP commands for relatively comfortable browsing through the ftp directory hierarchy. The password is echoed! pty is required to have ftp issue a prompt. Nevertheless, there may occur some confusion with the password and FTP prompts. socat \ PTY,link=$HOME/dev/vmodem0,rawer,wait-slave \ EXEC:'"ssh modemserver.us.org socat - /dev/ttyS0,nonblock,rawer"' generates a pseudo terminal device (PTY) on the client that can be reached under the symbolic link $HOME/dev/vmodem0. An application that expects a serial line or modem can be configured to use $HOME/dev/vmodem0; its traffic will be directed to a modemserver via ssh where another socat instance links it to /dev/ttyS0. sudo socat --experimental \ TCP4-LISTEN:8000,reuseaddr,fork,netns=namespace1 \ TCP4-CONNECT:server2:8000 creates a listener in the given network namespace that accepts TCP connections on port 8000 and forwards them to server2. sudo socat --experimental \ TUN:192.168.2.1/24,up \ TUN:192.168.2.2/24,up,netns=namespace2 creates two virtual network interfaces, one in default namespace, the other one in namespace2, and forwards packets between them, act- ing as a virtual network connection. socat \ TCP4-LISTEN:2022,reuseaddr,fork \ PROXY:proxy.local:www.domain.org:22,proxyport=3128,proxyauth=username:s3cr3t starts a forwarder that accepts connections on port 2022, and di- rects them through the proxy daemon listening on port 3128 (proxy- port) on host proxy.local, using the CONNECT method, where they are authenticated as "username" with "s3cr3t" (proxyauth). proxy.local should establish connections to host www.domain.org on port 22 then. socat - \ SSL:server:4443,cafile=./server.crt,cert=./client.pem is an OpenSSL client that tries to establish a secure connection to an SSL server. Option cafile specifies a file that contains trust certificates: we trust the server only when it presents one of these certificates and proofs that it owns the related private key. Oth- erwise the connection is terminated. With cert a file containing the client certificate and the associated private key is specified. This is required in case the server wishes a client authentication; many Internet servers do not. The first address ('-') can be replaced by almost any other socat address. socat \ OPENSSL-LISTEN:4443,reuseaddr,pf=ip4,fork,cert=./server.pem,cafile=./client.crt \ PIPE is an OpenSSL server that accepts TCP connections, presents the cer- tificate from the file server.pem and forces the client to present a certificate that is verified against cafile.crt. The second address ('PIPE') can be replaced by almost any other so- cat address. For instructions on generating and distributing OpenSSL keys and certificates see the additional socat docu socat-openssl.txt. echo | socat -u - \ FILE:/tmp/bigfile,create,largefile,seek=100000000000 creates a 100GB+1B sparse file; this requires a file system type that supports this (ext2, ext3, ext4, reiserfs, xfs; not minix, vfat). The operation of writing 1 byte might take long (reiserfs: some minutes; ext2: "no" time), and the resulting file can consume some disk space with just its inodes (reiserfs: 2MB; ext2: 16KB). socat \ TCP-L:7777,reuseaddr,fork \ SYSTEM:'filan -i 0 -s >&2',nofork listens for incoming TCP connections on port 7777. For each accepted connection, invokes a shell. This shell has its stdin and stdout di- rectly connected to the TCP socket (nofork). The shell starts filan and lets it print the socket addresses to stderr (your terminal win- dow). socat \ STDIO,cfmakeraw \ SHELL,pty,setsid,ctty,stderr creates a shell in the current terminal that provides job control, history etc. echo -e "\0\14\0\0\c" | socat -u - \ FILE:/usr/bin/squid.exe,seek=0x00074420 functions as primitive binary editor: it writes the 4 bytes 000 014 000 000 to the executable /usr/bin/squid.exe at offset 0x00074420 (this was a real world patch to make the squid executable from Cyg- win run under Windows, in 2004). socat - \ TCP:www.blackhat.org:31337,readbytes=1000 connects to an unknown service and prevents being flooded. socat -U \ TCP:target:9999,end-close \ TCP-L:8888,reuseaddr,fork merges data arriving from different TCP streams on port 8888 to just one stream to target:9999. The end-close option prevents the child processes forked off by the second address from terminating the shared connection to 9999 (close(2) just unlinks the inode which stays active as long as the parent process lives; shutdown(2) would actively terminate the connection). socat \ TCP-LISTEN:10021,reuseaddr,socktype=6,protocol=33,fork PIPE is a simple DCCP echo server. DCCP is now directly provisioned in socat, however this example shows how use socats TCP procedures and change the socket type to SOCK_DCCP=6 (on Linux) and the IP protocol to IPPROTO_DCCP=33. socat - \ TCP:<server>:10021,reuseaddr,socktype=6,protocol=33,fork is a simple DCCP client. DCCP is now directly provisioned in socat, however this example shows how use socats TCP procedures, but changes the socket type to SOCK_DCCP=6 (on Linux) and the IP proto- col to IPPROTO_DCCP=33. socat - \ UDP4-DATAGRAM:192.168.1.0:123,sp=123,broadcast,range=192.168.1.0/24 sends a broadcast to the network 192.168.1.0/24 and receives the replies of the timeservers there. Ignores NTP packets from hosts outside this network. socat - \ SOCKET-DATAGRAM:2:2:17:x007bxc0a80100x0000000000000000,bind=x007bx00000000x0000000000000000,setsockopt-int=1:6:1,range=x0000xc0a80100x0000000000000000:x0000xffffff00x0000000000000000 is semantically equivalent to the previous example, but all parame- ters are specified in generic form. the value 6 of setsockopt-int is the Linux value for SO_BROADCAST. socat - \ IP4-DATAGRAM:255.255.255.255:44,broadcast,range=10.0.0.0/8 sends a broadcast to the local network(s) using protocol 44. Accepts replies from the private address range only. socat - \ UDP4-DATAGRAM:224.255.0.1:6666,bind=:6666,ip-add-membership=224.255.0.1:eth0 transfers data from stdin to the specified multicast address using UDP. Both local and remote ports are 6666. Tells the interface eth0 to also accept multicast packets of the given group. Multiple hosts on the local network can run this command, so all data sent by any of the hosts will be received by all the other ones. Note that there are many possible reasons for failure, including IP-filters, routing issues, wrong interface selection by the operating system, bridges, or a badly configured switch. socat \ UDP:host2:4443 \ TUN:192.168.255.1/24,up establishes one side of a virtual (but not private!) network with host2 where a similar process might run, with UDP-L and tun address 192.168.255.2. They can reach each other using the addresses 192.168.255.1 and 192.168.255.2. Note that streaming eg.via TCP or SSL does not guarantee to retain packet boundaries and might thus cause packet loss. socat - \ VSOCK-CONNECT:2:1234 establishes a VSOCK connection with the host (host is always reach- able with the well-know CID=2) on 1234 port. socat - \ VSOCK-LISTEN:1234 listens for a VSOCK connection on 1234 port. socat - \ VSOCK-CONNECT:31:4321,bind:5555 establishes a VSOCK connection with the guest that have CID=31 on 1234 port, binding the local socket to the 5555 port. socat \ VSOCK-LISTEN:3333,reuseaddr,fork \ VSOCK-CONNECT:42,3333 starts a forwarder that accepts VSOCK connections on port 3333, and directs them to the guest with CID=42 on the same port. socat \ VSOCK-LISTEN:22,reuseaddr,fork \ TCP:localhost:22 forwards VSOCK connections from 22 port to the local SSH server. Running this in a VM allows you to connect via SSH from the host us- ing VSOCK, as in the example below. socat \ TCP4-LISTEN:22222,reuseaddr,fork \ VSOCK-CONNECT:33:22 forwards TCP connections from 22222 port to the guest with CID=33 listening on VSOCK port 22. Running this in the host, allows you to connect via SSH running "ssh -p 22222 user@localhost", if the guest runs the example above. socat \ PTY,link=/var/run/ppp,rawer \ INTERFACE:hdlc0 circumvents the problem that pppd requires a serial device and thus might not be able to work on a synchronous line that is represented by a network device. socat creates a PTY to make pppd happy, binds to the network interface hdlc0, and can transfer data between both devices. Use pppd on device /var/run/ppp then. socat -u \ STDIO \ POSIXMQ-SEND:/queue1,unlink-early,mq-prio=10 Writes packets read from stdio (i.e., lines of input when run inter- actively) into POSIX message queue, with priority 10. socat -u \ POSIXMQ-RECV:/queue1,fork,max-children=3 \ SYSTEM:"worker.sh" Receives messages (packets) from POSIX message queue and, for each message, forks a sub process that reads and processes the message. At most 3 sub processes are allowed at the same time. socat -T 1 -d -d \ TCP-L:10081,reuseaddr,fork,crlf \ SYSTEM:"echo -e \"\\\"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\\\nDocumentType: text/plain\\\n\\\ndate: \$\(date\)\\\nserver:\$SOCAT_SOCKADDR:\$SOCAT_SOCKPORT\\\nclient: \$SOCAT_PEERADDR:\$SOCAT_PEERPORT\\\n\\\"\"; cat; echo -e \"\\\"\\\n\\\"\"" creates a very primitive HTTP echo server: each HTTP client that connects gets a valid HTTP reply that contains information about the client address and port as it is seen by the server host, the host address (which might vary on multihomed servers), and the original client request. socat -d -d \ UDP4-RECVFROM:9999,so-broadcast,so-timestamp,ip-pktinfo,ip-recverr,ip-recvopts,ip-recvtos,ip-recvttl!!- \ SYSTEM:'export; sleep 1' | grep SOCAT waits for an incoming UDP packet on port 9999 and prints the envi- ronment variables provided by socat. On BSD based systems you have to replace ip-pktinfo with ip-recvdstaddr,ip-recvif. Especially of interest is SOCAT_IP_DSTADDR: it contains the target address of the packet which may be a unicast, multicast, or broadcast address. echo -e "M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1\nHOST: 239.255.255.250:1900\nMAN: \"ssdp:discover\"\nMX: 4\nST: \"ssdp:all\"\n" | socat - \ UDP-DATAGRAM:239.255.255.250:1900,crlf sends an SSDP (Simple Service Discovery Protocol) query to the local network and collects and outputs the answers received. systemd-socket-activate -l 1077 --inetd socat ACCEPT:0,fork PIPE systemd-socket-activate is a program for testing systemd socket ac- tivation of daemons. With --inetd it waits for a connection on the specified port. It does not accept the connection but passes the listening file descriptor as FDs 0 and 1. Socat accepts the waiting connection and starts data transfer. sudo socat -u TEXT:"0 $((2**31-1))" /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ping_group_range Writes text into a /proc/sys/ file using sudo using socat TEXT ad- dress instead of piping it to a tee under sudo. DIAGNOSTICS Socat uses a logging mechanism that allows filtering messages by severity. The severities provided are more or less compatible to the appropriate sys- log priority. With one or up to four occurrences of the -d command line op- tion, the lowest priority of messages that are issued can be selected. Each message contains a single uppercase character specifying the messages severity (one of F, E, W, N, I, or D) FATAL: Conditions that require unconditional and immediate program termina- tion. ERROR: Conditions that prevent proper program processing. Usually the pro- gram is terminated (see option -s). WARNING: Something did not function correctly or is in a state where correct further processing cannot be guaranteed, but might be possible. NOTICE:Interesting actions of the program, e.g. for supervising socat in some kind of server mode. INFO: Description of what the program does, and maybe why it happens. Al- lows monitoring the lifecycles of file descriptors. DEBUG: Description of how the program works, all system or library calls and their results. Log messages can be written to stderr, to a file, or to syslog. On exit, socat gives status 0 if it terminated due to EOF or inactivity timeout, with a positive value on error, and with a negative value on fatal error. FILES /usr/bin/socat /usr/bin/filan /usr/bin/procan SIGNALS SIGUSR1: Causes logging of current transfer statistics. See also option --statistics ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES Input variables carry information from the environment to socat, output variables are set by socat for use in executed scripts and programs. In the output variables beginning with "SOCAT" this prefix is actually re- placed by the upper case name of the executable or the value of option -lp. SOCAT_DEFAULT_LISTEN_IP (input) (Values 4 or 6) Sets the IP version to be used for listen, recv, and recvfrom addresses if no pf (protocol-family) option is given. Is overridden by socat options -4 or -6. SOCAT_PREFERRED_RESOLVE_IP (input) (Values 0, 4, or 6) Sets the IP version to be used when resolving target host names when version is not specified by address type, op- tion pf (protocol-family), or address format. If name resolution does not return a matching entry, the first result (with differing IP version) is taken. With value 0, socat always selects the first record and its IP version. SOCAT_MAIN_WAIT (input) Specifies the time (seconds) to sleep the main process on begin of main\(). Useful for debugging. SOCAT_TRANSFER_WAIT (input) Specifies the time (seconds) to sleep the process after opening ad- dresses before entering the transfer loop. Useful for debugging. SOCAT_FORK_WAIT (input) Specifies the time (seconds) to sleep the parent and child processes after successful fork(). Useful for debugging. SOCAT_VERSION (output) Socat sets this variable to its version string, e.g. "1.7.0.0" for released versions or e.g. "1.6.0.1+envvar" for temporary versions; can be used in scripts invoked by socat. SOCAT_PID (output) Socat sets this variable to its process id. In case of fork address option, SOCAT_PID gets the child processes id. Forking for exec, system, and SHELL does not change SOCAT_PID. SOCAT_PPID (output) Socat sets this variable to its process id. In case of fork, SO- CAT_PPID keeps the pid of the master process. SOCAT_PEERADDR (output) With passive socket addresses (all LISTEN and RECVFROM addresses), this variable is set to a string describing the peers socket ad- dress. Port information is not included. SOCAT_PEERPORT (output) With appropriate passive socket addresses (TCP, UDP, and SCTP - LIS- TEN and RECVFROM), this variable is set to a string containing the number of the peer port. SOCAT_SOCKADDR (output) With all LISTEN addresses, this variable is set to a string describ- ing the local socket address. Port information is not included exam- ple SOCAT_SOCKPORT (output) With TCP-LISTEN, UDP-LISTEN, and SCTP-LISTEN addresses, this vari- able is set to the local port. SOCAT_TIMESTAMP (output) With all RECVFROM addresses where address option so-timestamp is ap- plied, socat sets this variable to the resulting timestamp. SOCAT_IP_OPTIONS (output) With all IPv4 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ip-recvopts is applied, socat fills this variable with the IP op- tions of the received packet. SOCAT_IP_DSTADDR (output) With all IPv4 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ip-recvdstaddr (BSD) or ip-pktinfo (other platforms) is applied, so- cat sets this variable to the destination address of the received packet. This is particularly useful to identify broadcast and multi- cast addressed packets. SOCAT_IP_IF (output) With all IPv4 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ip-recvif (BSD) or ip-pktinfo (other platforms) is applied, socat sets this variable to the name of the interface where the packet was received. SOCAT_IP_LOCADDR (output) With all IPv4 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ip-pkt- info is applied, socat sets this variable to the address of the in- terface where the packet was received. SOCAT_IP_TOS (output) With all IPv4 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ip-recv- tos is applied, socat sets this variable to the TOS (type of ser- vice) of the received packet. SOCAT_IP_TTL (output) With all IPv4 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ip-recvttl is applied, socat sets this variable to the TTL (time to live) of the received packet. SOCAT_IPV6_HOPLIMIT (output) With all IPv6 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ipv6-recvhoplimit is applied, socat sets this variable to the ho- plimit value of the received packet. SOCAT_IPV6_DSTADDR (output) With all IPv6 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ipv6-recvpktinfo is applied, socat sets this variable to the desti- nation address of the received packet. SOCAT_IPV6_TCLASS (output) With all IPv6 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ipv6-recvtclass is applied, socat sets this variable to the transfer class of the received packet. SOCAT_OPENSSL_X509_ISSUER (output) Issuer field from peer certificate SOCAT_OPENSSL_X509_SUBJECT (output) Subject field from peer certificate SOCAT_OPENSSL_X509_COMMONNAME (output) commonName entries from peer certificates subject. Multiple values are separated by " // ". SOCAT_OPENSSL_X509_* (output) all other entries from peer certificates subject SOCAT_OPENSSL_X509V3_DNS (output) DNS entries from peer certificates extensions - subjectAltName field. Multiple values are separated by " // ". HOSTNAME (input) Is used to determine the hostname for logging (see -lh). LOGNAME (input) Is used as name for the socks client user name if no socksuser is given. With options su and su-d, LOGNAME is set to the given user name. USER (input) Is used as name for the socks client user name if no socksuser is given and LOGNAME is empty. With options su and su-d, USER is set to the given user name. SHELL (output) With options su and su-d, SHELL is set to the login shell of the given user. PATH (output) Can be set with option path for exec, system, and SHELL addresses. HOME (output) With options su and su-d, HOME is set to the home directory of the given user. CREDITS The work of the following groups and organizations was invaluable for this project: The FSF (GNU, http://www.fsf.org/) project with their free and portable de- velopment software and lots of other useful tools and libraries. The Linux developers community (http://www.linux.org/) for providing a free, open source operating system. The Open Group (http://www.unix-systems.org/) for making their standard specifications available on the Internet for free. VERSION This man page describes version 1.8.1 of socat. BUGS Addresses cannot be nested, so a single socat process cannot, e.g., drive ssl over socks. Address option ftruncate without value uses default 1 instead of 0. Verbose modes (-x and/or -v) display line termination characters inconsis- tently when address options cr or crnl are used: They show the data after conversion in either direction. The data transfer blocksize setting (-b) is ignored with address readline. Send bug reports to <socat@dest-unreach.org> SEE ALSO nc(1), rinetd(8), openssl(1), stunnel(8), rlwrap(1), setsid(1) Socat home page http://www.dest-unreach.org/socat/ AUTHOR Gerhard Rieger <rieger@dest-unreach.org> and contributors socat(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | ADDRESS SPECIFICATIONS | ADDRESS TYPES | ADDRESS OPTIONS | DATA VALUES | EXAMPLES | DIAGNOSTICS | FILES | SIGNALS | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | CREDITS | VERSION | BUGS | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR
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