FreeBSD Manual Pages
ZPOOLPROPS(7) Miscellaneous Information Manual ZPOOLPROPS(7) NAME zpoolprops -- properties of ZFS storage pools DESCRIPTION Each pool has several properties associated with it. Some properties are read-only statistics while others are configurable and change the behavior of the pool. User properties have no effect on ZFS behavior. Use them to annotate pools in a way that is meaningful in your environment. For more infor- mation about user properties, see the "User Properties" section. The following are read-only properties: allocated Amount of storage used within the pool. See fragmentation and free for more information. available The amount of free space available in the pool, ad- justed for raidz parity overhead. The available property is calculated as: usable - used See usable, used, and free for more information. bcloneratio The ratio of the total amount of storage that would be required to store all the cloned blocks without cloning to the actual storage used. The bcloneratio property is calculated as: ((bclonesaved + bcloneused) * 100) / bcloneused bclonesaved The amount of additional storage that would be re- quired if block cloning was not used. bcloneused The amount of storage used by cloned blocks. capacity Percentage of pool space used. This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, cap. dedupcached Total size of the deduplication table currently loaded into the ARC. See zpool-prefetch(8). dedup_table_size Total on-disk size of the deduplication table. dedupratio The ratio of the total amount of storage that would be required to store all the deduplicated blocks without deduplication to the actual storage used. The dedupratio property is calculated as: ((dedupsaved + dedupused) * 100) / dedupused dedupsaved The amount of additional storage that would be re- quired if deduplication was not used. This repre- sents the space saved by deduplication. dedupused The amount of storage used by deduplicated blocks. This is the actual physical space occupied on disk after deduplication. expandsize Amount of uninitialized space within the pool or de- vice that can be used to increase the total capacity of the pool. On whole-disk vdevs, this is the space beyond the end of the GPT typically occurring when a LUN is dynamically expanded or a disk replaced with a larger one. On partition vdevs, this is the space appended to the partition after it was added to the pool most likely by resizing it in-place. The space can be claimed for the pool by bringing it on- line with autoexpand=on or using zpool online -e. fragmentation The amount of fragmentation in the pool. As the amount of space allocated increases, it becomes more difficult to locate free space. This may result in lower write performance compared to pools with more unfragmented free space. free The amount of free space available in the pool. By contrast, the zfs(8) available property describes how much new data can be written to ZFS filesys- tems/volumes. The zpool free property is not gener- ally useful for this purpose, and can be substan- tially more than the zfs available space. This dis- crepancy is due to several factors, including raidz parity; zfs reservation, quota, refreservation, and refquota properties; and space set aside by spa_slop_shift (see zfs(4) for more information). freeing After a file system or snapshot is destroyed, the space it was using is returned to the pool asynchro- nously. freeing is the amount of space remaining to be reclaimed. Over time freeing will decrease while free increases. guid A unique identifier for the pool. health The current health of the pool. Health can be one of ONLINE, DEGRADED, FAULTED, OFFLINE, REMOVED, UNAVAIL. last_scrubbed_txg Indicates the transaction group (TXG) up to which the most recent scrub operation has checked and re- paired the dataset. This provides insight into the data integrity status of their pool at a specific point in time. zpool-scrub(8) can utilize this property to scan only data that has changed since the last scrub completed, when given the -C flag. This property is not updated when performing an er- ror scrub with the -e flag. leaked Space not released while freeing due to corruption, now permanently leaked into the pool. load_guid A unique identifier for the pool. Unlike the guid property, this identifier is generated every time we load the pool (i.e. does not persist across im- ports/exports) and never changes while the pool is loaded (even if a reguid operation takes place). size Total size of the storage pool. unsupported@guid Information about unsupported features that are en- abled on the pool. See zpool-features(7) for de- tails. usable Estimate of total storage pool size, adjusted for raidz parity overhead. The adjustment assumes a fixed 128KiB record size to compute a data-to-parity ratio. usable is a heuristic for allocation and should not be interpreted as an exact measure of us- able space. used Estimate of storage used within the storage pool, adjusted for raidz parity overhead. The adjustment assumes a fixed 128KiB record size to compute a data-to-parity ratio. used is a heuristic for allo- cation and should not be interpreted as an exact measure of used space. The space usage properties report actual physical space available to the storage pool. The physical space can be different from the total amount of space that any contained datasets can actually use. The amount of space used in a raidz configuration depends on the character- istics of the data being written. In addition, ZFS reserves some space for internal accounting that the zfs(8) command takes into account, but the zpoolprops command does not. For non-full pools of a reasonable size, these effects should be invisible. For small pools, or pools that are close to being completely full, these discrepancies may become more noticeable. The following properties are read-only metrics for allocation classes: class_dedup_allocated, class_dedup_available, class_dedup_capacity, class_dedup_expandsize, class_dedup_fragmentation, class_dedup_free, class_dedup_size, class_dedup_usable, class_dedup_used Space usage properties of the pool's dedup metaslab allocator class. class_elog_allocated, class_elog_available, class_elog_capacity, class_elog_expandsize, class_elog_fragmentation, class_elog_free, class_elog_size, class_elog_usable, class_elog_used Space usage properties of the pool's embedded_log metaslab allo- cator class. class_log_allocated, class_log_available, class_log_capacity, class_log_expandsize, class_log_fragmentation, class_log_free, class_log_size, class_log_usable, class_log_used Space usage properties of the pool's log metaslab allocator class. class_normal_allocated, class_normal_available, class_normal_capacity, class_normal_expandsize, class_normal_fragmentation, class_normal_free, class_normal_size, class_normal_usable, class_normal_used Space usage properties of the pool's normal metaslab allocator class. class_special_allocated, class_special_available, class_special_capacity, class_special_expandsize, class_special_fragmentation, class_special_free, class_special_size, class_special_usable, class_special_used Space usage properties of the pool's special metaslab allocator class. class_special_elog_allocated, class_special_elog_available, class_special_elog_capacity, class_special_elog_expandsize, class_special_elog_fragmentation, class_special_elog_free, class_special_elog_size, class_special_elog_usable, class_special_elog_used Space usage properties of the pool's special_embedded_log metaslab allocator class. Each allocation class is described by these values: allocated Amount of storage used within the allocation class. available Estimate of free space available in the allocation class, adjusted for raidz parity overhead. The adjust- ment assumes a fixed 128KiB record size to compute a data-to-parity ratio. available is a heuristic for al- location and should not be interpreted as an exact mea- sure of usable space. Actual usable space depends on a variety of factors such as dataset record size and com- pression. capacity Percentage of allocation class space used. expandsize Amount of uninitialized space within the allocation class that can be used to increase the capacity of the allocator. See the pool-wide expandsize property. fragmentation The amount of free space fragmentation in the allocation class. See the pool-wide fragmentation property. free The amount of free space available in the allocation class. This value is not adjusted for factors such as dataset record size, compression, or raidz parity over- head. See the pool-wide free property. size Total size of the allocation class. usable Estimate of total allocation class size, adjusted for raidz parity overhead. The adjustment assumes a fixed 128KiB record size to compute a data-to-parity ratio. usable is a heuristic for allocation and should not be interpreted as an exact measure of usable space. used Estimate of storage used within the allocation class, adjusted for raidz parity overhead. The adjustment as- sumes a fixed 128KiB record size to compute a data-to- parity ratio. used is a heuristic for allocation and should not be interpreted as an exact measure of used space. The following property can be set at creation time and import time: altroot Alternate root directory. If set, this directory is prepended to any mount points within the pool. This can be used when ex- amining an unknown pool where the mount points cannot be trusted, or in an alternate boot environment, where the typical paths are not valid. altroot is not a persistent property. It is valid only while the system is up. Setting altroot defaults to using cachefile=none, though this may be overridden using an explicit setting. The following property can be set only at import time: readonly=on|off If set to on, the pool will be imported in read-only mode. This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, rdonly. The following properties can be set at creation time and import time, and later changed with the zpool set command: ashift=ashift Pool sector size exponent, to the power of 2 (internally re- ferred to as ashift). Values from 9 to 16, inclusive, are valid; also, the value 0 (the default) means to auto-detect us- ing the kernel's block layer and a ZFS internal exception list. I/O operations will be aligned to the specified size bound- aries. Additionally, the minimum (disk) write size will be set to the specified size, so this represents a space/performance trade-off. For optimal performance, the pool sector size should be greater than or equal to the sector size of the un- derlying disks. The typical case for setting this property is when performance is important and the underlying disks use 4KiB sectors but report 512B sectors to the OS (for compatibility reasons); in that case, set ashift=12 (which is 1<<12 = 4096). When set, this property is used as the default hint value in subsequent vdev operations (add, attach and replace). Changing this value will not modify any existing vdev, not even on disk replacement; however it can be used, for instance, to replace a dying 512B sectors disk with a newer 4KiB sectors device: this will probably result in bad performance but at the same time could prevent loss of data. autoexpand=on|off Controls automatic pool expansion when the underlying LUN is grown. If set to on, the pool will be resized according to the size of the expanded device. If the device is part of a mirror or raidz then all devices within that mirror/raidz group must be expanded before the new space is made available to the pool. The default behavior is off. This property can also be re- ferred to by its shortened column name, expand. autoreplace=on|off Controls automatic device replacement. If set to off, device replacement must be initiated by the administrator by using the zpool replace command. If set to on, any new device, found in the same physical location as a device that previously belonged to the pool, is automatically formatted and replaced. The de- fault behavior is off. This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, replace. Autoreplace can also be used with virtual disks (like device mapper) provided that you use the /dev/disk/by-vdev paths setup by vdev_id.conf. See the vdev_id(8) manual page for more details. Autoreplace and au- toonline require the ZFS Event Daemon be configured and run- ning. See the zed(8) manual page for more details. autotrim=on|off When set to on space which has been recently freed, and is no longer allocated by the pool, will be periodically trimmed. This allows block device vdevs which support BLKDISCARD, such as SSDs, or file vdevs on which the underlying file system sup- ports hole-punching, to reclaim unused blocks. The default value for this property is off. Automatic TRIM does not immediately reclaim blocks after a free. Instead, it will optimistically delay allowing smaller ranges to be aggregated into a few larger ones. These can then be issued more efficiently to the storage. TRIM on L2ARC de- vices is enabled by setting l2arc_trim_ahead > 0. Be aware that automatic trimming of recently freed data blocks can put significant stress on the underlying storage devices. This will vary depending of how well the specific device han- dles these commands. For lower-end devices it is often possi- ble to achieve most of the benefits of automatic trimming by running an on-demand (manual) TRIM periodically using the zpool trim command. bootfs=(unset)|pool[/dataset] Identifies the default bootable dataset for the root pool. This property is expected to be set mainly by the installation and upgrade programs. Not all Linux distribution boot processes use the bootfs property. cachefile=path|none Controls the location of where the pool configuration is cached. Discovering all pools on system startup requires a cached copy of the configuration data that is stored on the root file system. All pools in this cache are automatically imported when the system boots. Some environments, such as in- stall and clustering, need to cache this information in a dif- ferent location so that pools are not automatically imported. Setting this property caches the pool configuration in a dif- ferent location that can later be imported with zpool import -c. Setting it to the value none creates a temporary pool that is never cached, and the "" (empty string) uses the default lo- cation. Multiple pools can share the same cache file. Because the ker- nel destroys and recreates this file when pools are added and removed, care should be taken when attempting to access this file. When the last pool using a cachefile is exported or de- stroyed, the file will be empty. comment=text A text string consisting of printable ASCII characters that will be stored such that it is available even if the pool be- comes faulted. An administrator can provide additional infor- mation about a pool using this property. compatibility=off|legacy|file[,file] Specifies that the pool maintain compatibility with specific feature sets. When set to off (or unset) compatibility is dis- abled (all features may be enabled); when set to legacy no fea- tures may be enabled. When set to a comma-separated list of filenames (each filename may either be an absolute path, or relative to /etc/zfs/compatibility.d or /usr/share/zfs/compatibility.d) the lists of requested features are read from those files, separated by whitespace and/or com- mas. Only features present in all files may be enabled. See zpool-features(7), zpool-create(8) and zpool-upgrade(8) for more information on the operation of compatibility feature sets. dedup_table_quota=number|none|auto This property sets a limit on the on-disk size of the pool's dedup table. Entries will not be added to the dedup table once this size is reached; if a dedup table already exists, and is larger than this size, they will not be removed as part of set- ting this property. Existing entries will still have their reference counts updated. The actual size limit of the table may be above or below the quota, depending on the actual on-disk size of the entries (which may be approximated for purposes of calculating the quota). That is, setting a quota size of 1M may result in the maximum size being slightly below, or slightly above, that value. Set to 'none' to disable. In automatic mode, which is the default, the size of a dedicated dedup vdev is used as the quota limit. The dedup_table_quota property works for both legacy and fast dedup tables. dedupditto=number This property is deprecated and no longer has any effect. delegation=on|off Controls whether a non-privileged user is granted access based on the dataset permissions defined on the dataset. See zfs(8) for more information on ZFS delegated administration. failmode=wait|continue|panic Controls the system behavior in the event of catastrophic pool failure. This condition is typically a result of a loss of connectivity to the underlying storage device(s) or a failure of all devices within the pool. The behavior of such an event is determined as follows: wait Blocks all I/O access until the device connectivity is recovered and the errors are cleared with zpool clear. This is the default behavior. continue Returns EIO to any new write I/O requests but allows reads to any of the remaining healthy devices. Any write requests that have yet to be committed to disk would be blocked. panic Prints out a message to the console and generates a system crash dump. feature@feature_name=enabled The value of this property is the current state of feature_name. The only valid value when setting this property is enabled which moves feature_name to the enabled state. See zpool-features(7) for details on feature states. listsnapshots=on|off Controls whether information about snapshots associated with this pool is output when zfs list is run without the -t option. The default value is off. This property can also be referred to by its shortened name, listsnaps. multihost=on|off Controls whether a pool activity check should be performed dur- ing zpool import. When a pool is determined to be active it cannot be imported, even with the -f option. This property is intended to be used in failover configurations where multiple hosts have access to a pool on shared storage. Multihost provides protection on import only. It does not pro- tect against an individual device being used in multiple pools, regardless of the type of vdev. See the discussion under zpool create. When this property is on, periodic writes to storage occur to show the pool is in use. See zfs_multihost_interval in the zfs(4) manual page. In order to enable this property each host must set a unique hostid. See genhostid(1) zgenhostid(8) spl(4) for additional details. The default value is off. version=version The current on-disk version of the pool. This can be in- creased, but never decreased. The preferred method of updating pools is with the zpool upgrade command, though this property can be used when a specific version is needed for backwards compatibility. Once feature flags are enabled on a pool this property will no longer have a value. User Properties In addition to the standard native properties, ZFS supports arbitrary user properties. User properties have no effect on ZFS behavior, but applications or administrators can use them to annotate pools. User property names must contain a colon (":") character to distinguish them from native properties. They may contain lowercase letters, num- bers, and the following punctuation characters: colon (":"), dash ("-"), period ("."), and underscore ("_"). The expected convention is that the property name is divided into two portions such as module:property, but this namespace is not enforced by ZFS. User prop- erty names can be at most 255 characters, and cannot begin with a dash ("-"). When making programmatic use of user properties, it is strongly sug- gested to use a reversed DNS domain name for the module component of property names to reduce the chance that two independently-developed packages use the same property name for different purposes. The values of user properties are arbitrary strings and are never vali- dated. All of the commands that operate on properties (zpool list, zpool get, zpool set, and so forth) can be used to manipulate both na- tive properties and user properties. Use zpool set name= to clear a user property. Property values are limited to 8192 bytes. FreeBSD 16.0 CURRENT March 2, 2026 ZPOOLPROPS(7)
Want to link to this manual page? Use this URL:
<https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zpoolprops&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+16.0-CURRENT>