RC.CONF(5) File Formats Manual RC.CONF(5) NAME rc.conf -- system configuration information DESCRIPTION The file rc.conf contains descriptive information about the local host name, configuration details for any potential network interfaces and which services should be started up at system initial boot time. In new instal- lations, the rc.conf file is generally initialized by the system installa- tion utility, sysinstall(8). The purpose of rc.conf is not to run commands or perform system startup ac- tions directly. Instead, it is included by the various generic startup scripts in /etc which conditionalize their internal actions according to the settings found there. The /etc/rc.conf file is included from the file /etc/defaults/rc.conf, which specifies the default settings for all the available options. Op- tions need only be specified in /etc/rc.conf when the system administrator wishes to override these defaults. The file /etc/rc.conf.local is used to override settings in /etc/rc.conf for historical reasons. See the rc_conf_files variable below. Options are set with "name=value" assignments that use sh(1) syntax. The following list provides a name and short description for each variable that can be set in the rc.conf file: rc_debug (bool) If set to "YES", enable output of debug messages from rc scripts. This variable can be helpful in diagnosing mistakes when editing or integrating new scripts. Beware that this pro- duces copious output to the terminal and syslog(3). rc_info (bool) If set to "NO", disable informational messages from the rc scripts. Informational messages are displayed when a condi- tion that is not serious enough to warrant a warning or an er- ror occurs. rc_startmsgs (bool) If set to "YES", show "Starting foo:" when faststart is used (e.g., at boot time). early_late_divider (str) The name of the script that should be used as the delim- iter between the "early" and "late" stages of the boot process. The early stage should contain all the services needed to get the disks (local or remote) mounted so that the late stage can include scripts contained in the directories listed in the local_startup variable (see below). Thus, the two likely can- didates for this value are mountcritlocal for the typical sys- tem, and mountcritremote if the system needs remote file sys- tems mounted to get access to the local_startup directories; for example when /usr/local is NFS mounted. For rc.conf within a jail(8) NETWORKING is likely to be an appropriate value. Ex- treme care should be taken when changing this value, and before changing it one should ensure that there are adequate provi- sions to recover from a failed boot (such as physical contact with the machine, or reliable remote console access). swapfile (str) If set to "NO", no swapfile is installed, otherwise the value is used as the full pathname to a file to use for addi- tional swap space. apm_enable (bool) If set to "YES", enable support for Automatic Power Man- agement with the apm(8) command. apmd_enable (bool) Run apmd(8) to handle APM event from userland. This also enables support for APM. apmd_flags (str) If apmd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the apmd(8) daemon. devd_enable (bool) Run devd(8) to handle device added, removed or unknown events from the kernel. ddb_enable (bool) Run ddb(8) to install ddb(4) scripts at boot time. ddb_config (str) Configuration file for ddb(8). Default /etc/ddb.conf. kldxref_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. Set to "YES" to automatically rebuild linker.hints files with kldxref(8) at boot time. kldxref_clobber (bool) Set to "NO" by default. If kldxref_enable is true, set- ting to "YES" will overwrite existing linker.hints files at boot time. Otherwise, only missing linker.hints files are gen- erated. kldxref_module_path (str) Empty by default. A semi-colon (`;') delimited list of paths containing kld(4) modules. If empty, the contents of the kern.module_path sysctl(8) are used. powerd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", enable the system power control facil- ity with the powerd(8) daemon. powerd_flags (str) If powerd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the powerd(8) daemon. tmpmfs Controls the creation of a /tmp memory file system. Always happens if set to "YES" and never happens if set to "NO". If set to anything else, a memory file system is created if /tmp is not writable. tmpsize Controls the size of a created /tmp memory file system. tmpmfs_flags Extra options passed to the mdmfs(8) utility when the memory file system for /tmp is created. The default is "-S", which inhibits the use of softupdates on /tmp so that file system space is freed without delay after file truncation or deletion. See mdmfs(8) for other options you can use in tmpmfs_flags. varmfs Controls the creation of a /var memory file system. Always happens if set to "YES" and never happens if set to "NO". If set to anything else, a memory file system is created if /var is not writable. varsize Controls the size of a created /var memory file system. varmfs_flags Extra options passed to the mdmfs(8) utility when the memory file system for /var is created. The default is "-S", which inhibits the use of softupdates on /var so that file system space is freed without delay after file truncation or deletion. See mdmfs(8) for other options you can use in varmfs_flags. populate_var Controls the automatic population of the /var file system. Al- ways happens if set to "YES" and never happens if set to "NO". If set to anything else, a memory file system is created if /var is not writable. Note that this process requires access to certain commands in /usr before /usr is mounted on normal systems. cleanvar_enable (bool) Clean the /var directory. local_startup (str) List of directories to search for startup script files. script_name_sep (str) The field separator to use for breaking down the list of startup script files into individual filenames. The default is a space. It is not necessary to change this unless there are startup scripts with names containing spaces. hostapd_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to start hostapd(8) at system boot time. hostname (str) The fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of this host on the network. This should almost certainly be set to something meaningful, even if there is no network connection. If dhclient(8) is used to set the hostname via DHCP, this variable should be set to an empty string. If this value remains unset when the system is done booting your console login will display the default hostname of "Amnesiac." ipv6_enable (bool) Enable support for IPv6 networking. Note that this re- quires that the kernel has been compiled with options INET6. nisdomainname (str) The NIS domain name of this host, or "NO" if NIS is not used. dhclient_program (str) Path to the DHCP client program (/sbin/dhclient, the OpenBSD DHCP client, is the default). dhclient_flags (str) Additional flags to pass to the DHCP client program. For the OpenBSD DHCP client, see the dhclient(8) manpage for a de- scription of the command line options available. dhclient_flags_<iface> Additional flags to pass to the DHCP client program running on iface only. When specified, this variable overrides dhclient_flags. background_dhclient (bool) Set to "YES" to start the DHCP client in background. This can cause trouble with applications depending on a working network, but it will provide a faster startup in many cases. background_dhclient_<iface> When specified, this variable overrides the background_dhclient variable for interface iface only. synchronous_dhclient (bool) Set to "YES" to start dhclient(8) synchronously at startup. This behavior can be overridden on a per-interface basis by replacing the "DHCP" keyword in the ifconfig_<interface> variable with "SYNCDHCP" or "NOSYNCDHCP". defaultroute_delay (int) When set to a positive value, wait up to this long after configuring DHCP interfaces at startup to give the interfaces time to receive a lease. firewall_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to load firewall rules at startup. If the kernel was not built with options IPFIREWALL, the ipfw.ko ker- nel module will be loaded. See also ipfilter_enable. firewall_script (str) This variable specifies the full path to the firewall script to run. The default is /etc/rc.firewall. firewall_type (str) Names the firewall type from the selection in /etc/rc.firewall, or the file which contains the local firewall ruleset. Valid selections from /etc/rc.firewall are: open unrestricted IP access closed all IP services disabled, except via "lo0" client basic protection for a workstation simple basic protection for a LAN. If a filename is specified, the full path must be given. firewall_quiet (bool) Set to "YES" to disable the display of firewall rules on the console during boot. firewall_logging (bool) Set to "YES" to enable firewall event logging. This is equivalent to the IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE kernel option. firewall_flags (str) Flags passed to ipfw(8) if firewall_type specifies a filename. firewall_coscripts (str) List of executables and/or rc scripts to run after fire- wall starts/stops. Default is empty. firewall_nat_enable (bool) The ipfw(8) equivalent of natd_enable. Setting this to "YES" enables kernel NAT. firewall_enable must also be set to "YES". firewall_nat_interface (str) The ipfw(8) equivalent of natd_interface. This is the name of the public interface or IP address on which kernel NAT should run. firewall_nat_flags (str) Additional configuration parameters for kernel NAT should be placed here. dummynet_enable (bool) Setting this to "YES" will automatically load the dum- mynet(4) module if firewall_enable is also set to "YES". natd_program (str) Path to natd(8). natd_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to enable natd(8). firewall_enable must also be set to "YES", and divert(4) sockets must be enabled in the kernel. If the kernel was not built with options IPDIVERT, the ipdivert.ko kernel module will be loaded. natd_interface (str) This is the name of the public interface on which natd(8) should run. The interface may be given as an interface name or as an IP address. natd_flags (str) Additional natd(8) flags should be placed here. The -n or -a flag is automatically added with the above natd_interface as an argument. ipfilter_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. Setting this to "YES" enables ipf(8) packet filtering. Typical usage will require putting ipfilter_enable="YES" ipnat_enable="YES" ipmon_enable="YES" ipfs_enable="YES" into /etc/rc.conf and editing /etc/ipf.rules and /etc/ipnat.rules appropriately. Note that ipfilter_enable and ipnat_enable can be enabled inde- pendently. ipmon_enable and ipfs_enable both require at least one of ipfilter_enable and ipnat_enable to be enabled. Having options IPFILTER options IPFILTER_LOG options IPFILTER_DEFAULT_BLOCK in the kernel configuration file is a good idea, too. ipfilter_program (str) Path to ipf(8) (default /sbin/ipf). ipfilter_rules (str) Set to /etc/ipf.rules by default. This variable contains the name of the filter rule definition file. The file is ex- pected to be readable for the ipf(8) command to execute. ipv6_ipfilter_rules (str) Set to /etc/ipf6.rules by default. This variable con- tains the IPv6 filter rule definition file. The file is ex- pected to be readable for the ipf(8) command to execute. ipfilter_flags (str) Empty by default. This variable contains flags passed to the ipf(8) program. ipnat_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. Set it to "YES" to enable ip- nat(8) network address translation. See ipfilter_enable for a detailed discussion. ipnat_program (str) Path to ipnat(8) (default /sbin/ipnat). ipnat_rules (str) Set to /etc/ipnat.rules by default. This variable con- tains the name of the file holding the network address transla- tion definition. This file is expected to be readable for the ipnat(8) command to execute. ipnat_flags (str) Empty by default. This variable contains flags passed to the ipnat(8) program. ipmon_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. Set it to "YES" to enable ip- mon(8) monitoring (logging ipf(8) and ipnat(8) events). Set- ting this variable needs setting ipfilter_enable or ipnat_enable too. See ipfilter_enable for a detailed discus- sion. ipmon_program (str) Path to ipmon(8) (default /sbin/ipmon). ipmon_flags (str) Set to "-Ds" by default. This variable contains flags passed to the ipmon(8) program. Another typical example would be "-D /var/log/ipflog" to have ipmon(8) log directly to a file bypassing syslogd(8). Make sure to adjust /etc/newsyslog.conf in such case like this: /var/log/ipflog 640 10 100 * Z /var/run/ipmon.pid ipfs_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. Set it to "YES" to enable ipfs(8) saving the filter and NAT state tables during shutdown and reloading them during startup again. Setting this variable needs setting ipfilter_enable or ipnat_enable to "YES" too. See ipfilter_enable for a detailed discussion. Note that if kern_securelevel is set to 3, ipfs_enable cannot be used be- cause the raised securelevel will prevent ipfs(8) from saving the state tables at shutdown time. ipfs_program (str) Path to ipfs(8) (default /sbin/ipfs). ipfs_flags (str) Empty by default. This variable contains flags passed to the ipfs(8) program. pf_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. Setting this to "YES" enables pf(4) packet filtering. Typical usage will require putting pf_enable="YES" into /etc/rc.conf and editing /etc/pf.conf appropriately. Adding device pf builds support for pf(4) into the kernel, otherwise the kernel module will be loaded. pf_rules (str) Path to pf(4) ruleset configuration file (default /etc/pf.conf). pf_program (str) Path to pfctl(8) (default /sbin/pfctl). pf_flags (str) If pf_enable is set to "YES", these flags are passed to the pfctl(8) program when loading the ruleset. pflog_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. Setting this to "YES" enables pflogd(8) which logs packets from the pf(4) packet filter. pflog_logfile (str) If pflog_enable is set to "YES" this controls where pflogd(8) stores the logfile (default /var/log/pflog). Check /etc/newsyslog.conf to adjust logfile rotation for this. pflog_program (str) Path to pflogd(8) (default /sbin/pflogd). pflog_flags (str) Empty by default. This variable contains additional flags passed to the pflogd(8) program. ftpproxy_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. Setting this to "YES" enables ftp-proxy(8) which supports the pf(4) packet filter in trans- lating ftp connections. ftpproxy_flags (str) Empty by default. This variable contains additional flags passed to the ftp-proxy(8) program. pfsync_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. Setting this to "YES" enables exposing pf(4) state changes to other hosts over the network by means of pfsync(4). The pfsync_syncdev variable must also be set then. pfsync_syncdev (str) Empty by default. This variable specifies the name of the network interface pfsync(4) should operate through. It must be set accordingly if pfsync_enable is set to "YES". pfsync_syncpeer (str) Empty by default. This variable is optional. By de- fault, state change messages are sent out on the synchronisa- tion interface using IP multicast packets. The protocol is IP protocol 240, PFSYNC, and the multicast group used is 224.0.0.240. When a peer address is specified using the pfsync_syncpeer option, the peer address is used as a destina- tion for the pfsync traffic, and the traffic can then be pro- tected using ipsec(4). See the pfsync(4) manpage for more de- tails about using ipsec(4) with pfsync(4) interfaces. pfsync_ifconfig (str) Empty by default. This variable can contain additional options to be passed to the ifconfig(8) command used to set up pfsync(4). tcp_extensions (bool) Set to "YES" by default. Setting this to "NO" disables certain TCP options as described by RFC 1323. Setting this to "NO" might help remedy such problems with connections as ran- domly hanging or other weird behavior. Some network devices are known to be broken with respect to these options. log_in_vain (int) Set to 0 by default. The sysctl(8) variables, net.inet.tcp.log_in_vain and net.inet.udp.log_in_vain, as de- scribed in tcp(4) and udp(4), are set to the given value. tcp_keepalive (bool) Set to "YES" by default. Setting to "NO" will disable probing idle TCP connections to verify that the peer is still up and reachable. tcp_drop_synfin (bool) Set to "NO" by default. Setting to "YES" will cause the kernel to ignore TCP frames that have both the SYN and FIN flags set. This prevents OS fingerprinting, but may break some legitimate applications. icmp_drop_redirect (bool) Set to "NO" by default. Setting to "YES" will cause the kernel to ignore ICMP REDIRECT packets. Refer to icmp(4) for more information. icmp_log_redirect (bool) Set to "NO" by default. Setting to "YES" will cause the kernel to log ICMP REDIRECT packets. Note that the log mes- sages are not rate-limited, so this option should only be used for troubleshooting networks. Refer to icmp(4) for more infor- mation. icmp_bmcastecho (bool) Set to "YES" to respond to broadcast or multicast ICMP ping packets. Refer to icmp(4) for more information. ip_portrange_first (int) If not set to "NO", this is the first port in the default portrange. Refer to ip(4) for more information. ip_portrange_last (int) If not set to "NO", this is the last port in the default portrange. Refer to ip(4) for more information. network_interfaces (str) Set to the list of network interfaces to configure on this host or "AUTO" (the default) for all current interfaces. Setting the network_interfaces variable to anything other than the default is deprecated. Interfaces that the administrator wishes to store configuration for, but not start at boot should be configured with the "NOAUTO" keyword in their ifconfig_<interface> variables as described below. An ifconfig_<interface> variable is also assumed to exist for each value of interface. When an interface name contains any of the characters ".-/+" they are translated to "_" before lookup. The variable can contain arguments to ifconfig(8), as well as special case-insensitive keywords described below. Such keywords are removed before passing the value to ifcon- fig(8) while the order of the other arguments is preserved. One can configure more than one IPv4 address with the ipv4_addrs_<interface> variable. One or more IP addresses must be provided in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) address notation, whose last byte can be a range like 192.0.2.5-23/24. In this case the address 192.0.2.5 will be configured with the netmask /24 and the addresses 192.0.2.6 to 192.0.2.23 with the non-conflicting netmask /32 as explained in the ifconfig(8) alias section. With the interface in question being ed0, an example could look like: ipv4_addrs_ed0="192.0.2.129/27 192.0.2.1-5/28" It is also possible to add IP alias entries using ifconfig(8) syntax. Assuming that the interface in question was ed0, it might look something like this: ifconfig_ed0_alias0="inet 127.0.0.253 netmask 0xffffffff" ifconfig_ed0_alias1="inet 127.0.0.254 netmask 0xffffffff" And so on. For each ifconfig_<interface>_alias<n> entry that is found, its contents are passed to ifconfig(8). Execution stops at the first unsuccessful access, so if something like this is present: ifconfig_ed0_alias0="inet 127.0.0.251 netmask 0xffffffff" ifconfig_ed0_alias1="inet 127.0.0.252 netmask 0xffffffff" ifconfig_ed0_alias2="inet 127.0.0.253 netmask 0xffffffff" ifconfig_ed0_alias4="inet 127.0.0.254 netmask 0xffffffff" Then note that alias4 would not be added since the search would stop with the missing "alias3" entry. Due to this difficult to manage behavior, the ifconfig_<interface>_alias<n> form is dep- recated. If the /etc/start_if.<interface> file is present, it is read and executed by the sh(1) interpreter before configuring the interface as specified in the ifconfig_<interface> and ifconfig_<interface>_alias<n> variables. If a vlans_<interface> variable is set, a vlan(4) interface will be created for each item in the list with the vlandev ar- gument set to interface. If a vlan interface's name is a num- ber, then that number is used as the vlan tag and the new vlan interface is named interface.tag. Otherwise, the vlan tag must be specified via a vlan parameter in the create_args_<interface> variable. To create a vlan device named em0.101 on em0 with the vlan tag 101 and the optional the IPv4 address 192.0.2.1/24: vlans_em0="101" ifconfig_em0_101="inet 192.0.2.1/24" To create a vlan device named myvlan on em0 with the vlan tag 102: vlans_em0="myvlan" create_args_myvlan="vlan 102" If a wlans_<interface> variable is set, an wlan(4) interface will be created for each item in the list with the wlandev ar- gument set to interface. Further wlan cloning arguments may be passed to the ifconfig(8) create command by setting the create_args_<interface> variable. One or more wlan(4) devices must be created for each wireless devices as of FreeBSD 8.0. Debugging flags for wlan(4) devices as set by wlandebug(8) may be specified with an wlandebug_<interface> variable. The con- tents of this variable will be passed directly to wlandebug(8). If the ifconfig_<interface> contains the keyword "NOAUTO" then the interface will not be configured at boot or by /etc/pccard_ether when network_interfaces is set to "AUTO". It is possible to bring up an interface with DHCP by adding "DHCP" to the ifconfig_<interface> variable. For instance, to initialize the ed0 device via DHCP, it is possible to use some- thing like: ifconfig_ed0="DHCP" Also, if you want to configure your wireless interface with wpa_supplicant(8) for use with WPA, EAP/LEAP or WEP, you need to add "WPA" to the ifconfig_<interface> variable. Finally, you can add ifconfig(8) options in this variable, in addition to the /etc/start_if.<interface> file. For instance, to configure an ath(4) wireless device in station mode with an address obtained via DHCP, using WPA authentication and 802.11b mode, it is possible to use something like: wlans_ath0="wlan0" ifconfig_wlan0="DHCP WPA mode 11b" In addition to the ifconfig_<interface> form, a fallback vari- able ifconfig_DEFAULT may be configured. It will be used for all interfaces with no ifconfig_<interface> variable. This is intended to replace the no longer supported pccard_ifconfig variable. It is also possible to rename an interface by doing: ifconfig_ed0_name="net0" ifconfig_net0="inet 192.0.2.1 netmask 0xffffff00" ipv6_network_interfaces (str) This is the IPv6 equivalent of network_interfaces. In- stead of setting the ifconfig variables as ifconfig_<interface> they should be set as ipv6_ifconfig_<interface>. Aliases should be set as ipv6_ifconfig_<interface>_alias<n>. ipv6_prefix_<interface> does something. Interfaces that do not have a ipv6_ifconfig_<interface> setting will be auto config- ured by rtsol(8) if the ipv6_gateway_enable is set to "NO". Note that the IPv6 networking code does not support the /etc/start_if.<interface> files. ipv6_default_interface (str) If not set to "NO", this is the default output interface for scoped addresses. Now this works only for IPv6 link local multicast addresses. cloned_interfaces (str) Set to the list of clonable network interfaces to create on this host. Further cloning arguments may be passed to the ifconfig(8) create command for each interface by setting the create_args_<interface> variable. Entries in cloned_interfaces are automatically appended to network_interfaces for configura- tion. fec_interfaces (str) Set to the list of ng_fec(4) Fast EtherChannel interfaces to configure on this host. A fecconfig_<interface> variable is assumed to exist for each value of interface. The value of this variable is used to configure link aggregated interfaces according to the syntax of the NGM_FEC_ADD_IFACE to ngctl(8) msg. Additionally, this option ensures that each listed inter- face is created via the mkpeer command to ngctl(8) before at- tempting to configure it. For example: fec_interfaces="fec0" fecconfig_fec0="em0 em1" ifconfig_fec0="DHCP" gif_interfaces (str) Set to the list of gif(4) tunnel interfaces to configure on this host. A gifconfig_<interface> variable is assumed to exist for each value of interface. The value of this variable is used to configure the link layer of the tunnel according to the syntax of the tunnel option to ifconfig(8). Additionally, this option ensures that each listed interface is created via the create option to ifconfig(8) before attempting to configure it. sppp_interfaces (str) Set to the list of sppp(4) interfaces to configure on this host. A spppconfig_<interface> variable is assumed to ex- ist for each value of interface. Each interface should also be configured by a general ifconfig_<interface> setting. Refer to spppcontrol(8) for more information about available options. ppp_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the ppp(8) daemon. ppp_profile (str) The name of the profile to use from /etc/ppp/ppp.conf. Also used for per-profile overrides of ppp_mode and ppp_nat, and ppp_<profile>_unit. When the profile name contains any of the characters ".-/+" they are translated to "_" for the pro- poses of the override variable names. ppp_mode (str) Mode in which to run the ppp(8) daemon. ppp_<profile>_mode (str) Overrides the global ppp_mode for profile. Accepted modes are "auto", "ddial", "direct" and "dedicated". See the manual for a full description. ppp_nat (bool) If set to "YES", enables network address translation. Used in conjunction with gateway_enable allows hosts on private network addresses access to the Internet using this host as a network address translating router. ppp_<profile>_nat (str) Overrides the global ppp_nat for profile. ppp_<profile>_unit (int) Set the unit number to be used for this profile. See the manual description of -unitN for details. ppp_user (str) The name of the user under which ppp(8) should be started. By default, ppp(8) is started as "root". rc_conf_files (str) This option is used to specify a list of files that will override the settings in /etc/defaults/rc.conf. The files will be read in the order in which they are specified and should in- clude the full path to the file. By default, the files speci- fied are /etc/rc.conf and /etc/rc.conf.local zfs_enable (bool) If set to "YES", /etc/rc.d/zfs will attempt to automati- cally mount ZFS file systems and initialize ZFS volumes (ZVOLs). gbde_autoattach_all (bool) If set to "YES", /etc/rc.d/gbde will attempt to automat- ically initialize your .bde devices in /etc/fstab. gbde_devices (str) List the devices that the script should try to attach, or "AUTO". gbde_lockdir (str) The directory where the gbde(4) lockfiles are located. The default lockfile directory is /etc. The lockfile for each individual gbde(4) device can be overrid- den by setting the variable gbde_lock_<device>, where device is the encrypted device without the "/dev/" and ".bde" parts. gbde_attach_attempts (int) Number of times to attempt attaching to a gbde(4) device, i.e., how many times the user is asked for the pass-phrase. Default is 3. geli_devices (str) List of devices to automatically attach on boot. Note that .eli devices from /etc/fstab are automatically appended to this list. geli_tries (int) Number of times user is asked for the pass-phrase. If empty, it will be taken from kern.geom.eli.tries sysctl vari- able. geli_default_flags (str) Default flags to use by geli(8) when configuring disk en- cryption. Flags can be configured for every device separately by defining geli_<device>_flags variable. geli_autodetach (str) Specifies if GELI devices should be marked for detach on last close after file systems are mounted. Default is "YES". This can be changed for every device separately by defining geli_<device>_autodetach variable. geli_swap_flags Options passed to the geli(8) utility when encrypted GEOM providers for swap partitions are created. The default is "-e aes -l 256 -s 4096 -d". root_rw_mount (bool) Set to "YES" by default. After the file systems are checked at boot time, the root file system is remounted as read-write if this is set to "YES". Diskless systems that mount their root file system from a read-only remote NFS share should set this to "NO" in their rc.conf. fsck_y_enable (bool) If set to "YES", fsck(8) will be run with the -y flag if the initial preen of the file systems fails. background_fsck (bool) If set to "YES", the system will attempt to run fsck(8) in the background where possible. background_fsck_delay (int) The amount of time in seconds to sleep before starting a background fsck(8). It defaults to sixty seconds to allow large applications such as the X server to start before disk I/O bandwidth is monopolized by fsck(8). If set to a negative number, the background file system check will be delayed indef- initely to allow the administrator to run it at a more conve- nient time. For example it may be run from cron(8) by adding a line like 0 4 * * * root /etc/rc.d/bgfsck forcestart to /etc/crontab. netfs_types (str) List of file system types that are network-based. This list should generally not be modified by end users. Use extra_netfs_types instead. extra_netfs_types (str) If set to something other than "NO" (the default), this variable extends the list of file system types for which auto- matic mounting at startup by rc(8) should be delayed until the network is initialized. It should contain a whitespace-sepa- rated list of network file system descriptor pairs, each con- sisting of a file system type as passed to mount(8) and a hu- man-readable, one-word description, joined with a colon (`:'). Extending the default list in this way is only necessary when third party file system types are used. syslogd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the syslogd(8) daemon. syslogd_program (str) Path to syslogd(8) (default /usr/sbin/syslogd). syslogd_flags (str) If syslogd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to syslogd(8). inetd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the inetd(8) daemon. inetd_program (str) Path to inetd(8) (default /usr/sbin/inetd). inetd_flags (str) If inetd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to inetd(8). hastd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the hastd(8) daemon. hastd_program (str) Path to hastd(8) (default /sbin/hastd). hastd_flags (str) If hastd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to hastd(8). named_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the named(8) daemon. named_program (str) Path to named(8) (default /usr/sbin/named). named_conf (str) Path to named(8) configuration file, (default /etc/namedb/named.conf). named_flags (str) If named_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to named(8). named_pidfile (str) This is the default path to the named(8) daemon's PID file. This must match the location in named.conf(5). named_uid (str) The user that the named(8) process should be run as. named_chrootdir (str) The root directory for a name server run in a chroot(8) environment (default /var/named). If left empty named(8) will not be run in a chroot(8) environment. named_chroot_autoupdate (bool) Set to "NO" to disable automatic update of the chroot(8) environment. named_symlink_enable (bool) Set to "NO" to disable symlinking of daemon's PID file into the chroot(8) environment. named_wait (bool) Set to have /etc/rc.d/named loop until working name ser- vice is established. named_wait_host (str) Name of host to lookup for the named_wait option. (De- fault localhost) named_auto_forward (bool) Set to enable automatic creation of a forwarder configu- ration file derived from /etc/resolv.conf. named_auto_forward_only (bool) Set to change the default forwarder configuration from "forward first" to "forward only". kerberos5_server_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to start a Kerberos 5 authentication server at boot time. kerberos5_server (str) If kerberos5_server_enable is set to "YES" this is the path to Kerberos 5 Authentication Server. kerberos5_server_flags (str) Empty by default. This variable contains additional flags to be passed to the Kerberos 5 authentication server. kadmind5_server_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to start kadmind(8), the Kerberos 5 Admin- istration Daemon; set to "NO" on a slave server. kadmind5_server (str) If kadmind5_server_enable is set to "YES" this is the path to Kerberos 5 Administration Daemon. kpasswdd_server_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to start kpasswdd(8), the Kerberos 5 Pass- word-Changing Daemon; set to "NO" on a slave server. kpasswdd_server (str) If kpasswdd_server_enable is set to "YES" this is the path to Kerberos 5 Password-Changing Daemon. rwhod_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the rwhod(8) daemon at boot time. rwhod_flags (str) If rwhod_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to it. amd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the amd(8) daemon at boot time. amd_flags (str) If amd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to it. See the amd(8) manpage for more information. amd_map_program (str) If set, the specified program is run to get the list of amd(8) maps. For example, if the amd(8) maps are stored in NIS, one can set this to run ypcat(1) to get a list of amd(8) maps from the amd.master NIS map. update_motd (bool) If set to "YES", /etc/motd will be updated at boot time to reflect the kernel release being run. If set to "NO", /etc/motd will not be updated. nfs_client_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the NFS client daemons at boot time. nfs_access_cache (int) If nfs_client_enable is set to "YES", this can be set to "0" to disable NFS ACCESS RPC caching, or to the number of sec- onds for which NFS ACCESS results should be cached. A value of 2-10 seconds will substantially reduce network traffic for many NFS operations. nfs_server_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the NFS server daemons at boot time. nfs_server_flags (str) If nfs_server_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the nfsd(8) daemon. idmapd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the ID mapping daemon for NFS ver- sion 4. idmapd_flags (str) If idmapd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the idmapd(8) daemon. mountd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", and no nfs_server_enable is set, start mountd(8), but not nfsd(8) daemon. It is commonly needed to run CFS without real NFS used. mountd_flags (str) If mountd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the mountd(8) daemon. weak_mountd_authentication (bool) If set to "YES", allow services like PCNFSD to make non- privileged mount requests. nfs_reserved_port_only (bool) If set to "YES", provide NFS services only on a secure port. nfs_bufpackets (int) If set to a number, indicates the number of packets worth of socket buffer space to reserve on an NFS client. The kernel default is typically 4. Using a higher number may be useful on gigabit networks to improve performance. The minimum value is 2 and the maximum is 64. rpc_lockd_enable (bool) If set to "YES" and also an NFS server or client, run rpc.lockd(8) at boot time. rpc_lockd_flags (str) If rpc_lockd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the rpc.lockd(8) daemon. rpc_statd_enable (bool) If set to "YES" and also an NFS server or client, run rpc.statd(8) at boot time. rpc_statd_flags (str) If rpc_statd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the rpc.statd(8) daemon. rpcbind_program (str) Path to rpcbind(8) (default /usr/sbin/rpcbind). rpcbind_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the rpcbind(8) service at boot time. rpcbind_flags (str) If rpcbind_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the rpcbind(8) daemon. keyserv_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the keyserv(8) daemon on boot for running Secure RPC. keyserv_flags (str) If keyserv_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to keyserv(8) daemon. pppoed_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the pppoed(8) daemon at boot time to provide PPP over Ethernet services. pppoed_<provider> (str) pppoed(8) listens to requests to this provider and ulti- mately runs ppp(8) with a system argument of the same name. pppoed_flags (str) Additional flags to pass to pppoed(8). pppoed_interface (str) The network interface to run pppoed(8) on. This is mandatory when pppoed_enable is set to "YES". timed_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the timed(8) service at boot time. This command is intended for networks of machines where a con- sistent "network time" for all hosts must be established. This is often useful in large NFS environments where time stamps on files are expected to be consistent network-wide. timed_flags (str) If timed_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the timed(8) service. ntpdate_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run ntpdate(8) at system startup. This command is intended to synchronize the system clock only once from some standard reference. An option to set this up ini- tially (from a list of known servers) is also provided by the sysinstall(8) program when the system is first installed. ntpdate_config (str) Configuration file for ntpdate(8). Default /etc/ntp.conf. ntpdate_hosts (str) A whitespace-separated list of NTP servers to synchronize with at startup. The default is to use the servers listed in ntpdate_config, if that file exists. ntpdate_program (str) Path to ntpdate(8) (default /usr/sbin/ntpdate). ntpdate_flags (str) If ntpdate_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the ntpdate(8) command (typically a hostname). ntpd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the ntpd(8) command at boot time. ntpd_program (str) Path to ntpd(8) (default /usr/sbin/ntpd). ntpd_config (str) Path to ntpd(8) configuration file. Default /etc/ntp.conf. ntpd_flags (str) If ntpd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the ntpd(8) daemon. ntpd_sync_on_start (bool) If set to "YES", ntpd(8) is run with the -g flag, which syncs the system's clock on startup. See ntpd(8) for more in- formation regarding the -g option. This is a preferred alter- native to using ntpdate(8) or specifying the ntpdate_enable variable. nis_client_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the ypbind(8) service at system boot time. nis_client_flags (str) If nis_client_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the ypbind(8) service. nis_ypset_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the ypset(8) daemon at system boot time. nis_ypset_flags (str) If nis_ypset_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the ypset(8) daemon. nis_server_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the ypserv(8) daemon at system boot time. nis_server_flags (str) If nis_server_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the ypserv(8) daemon. nis_ypxfrd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the rpc.ypxfrd(8) daemon at system boot time. nis_ypxfrd_flags (str) If nis_ypxfrd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the rpc.ypxfrd(8) daemon. nis_yppasswdd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the rpc.yppasswdd(8) daemon at sys- tem boot time. nis_yppasswdd_flags (str) If nis_yppasswdd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the rpc.yppasswdd(8) daemon. rpc_ypupdated_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the rpc.ypupdated daemon at system boot time. bsnmpd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the bsnmpd(1) daemon at system boot time. Be sure to understand the security implications of run- ning SNMP daemon on your host. bsnmpd_flags (str) If bsnmpd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the bsnmpd(1) daemon. defaultrouter (str) If not set to "NO", create a default route to this host name or IP address (use an IP address if this router is also required to get to the name server!). ipv6_defaultrouter (str) The IPv6 equivalent of defaultrouter. static_arp_pairs (str) Set to the list of static ARP pairs that are to be added at system boot time. For each whitespace separated element in the value, a static_arp_<element> variable is assumed to exist whose contents will later be passed to a "arp -S" operation. For example static_arp_pairs="gw" static_arp_gw="192.168.1.1 00:01:02:03:04:05" static_routes (str) Set to the list of static routes that are to be added at system boot time. If not set to "NO" then for each whitespace separated element in the value, a route_<element> variable is assumed to exist whose contents will later be passed to a "route add" operation. For example: static_routes="mcast gif0local" route_mcast="-net 224.0.0.0/4 -iface gif0" route_gif0local="-host 169.254.1.1 -iface lo0" ipv6_static_routes (str) The IPv6 equivalent of static_routes. If not set to "NO" then for each whitespace separated element in the value, a ipv6_route_<element> variable is assumed to exist whose con- tents will later be passed to a "route add -inet6" operation. natm_static_routes (str) The natmip(4) equivalent of static_routes. If not empty then for each whitespace separated element in the value, a route_<element> variable is assumed to exist whose contents will later be passed to a "atmconfig natm add" operation. gateway_enable (bool) If set to "YES", configure host to act as an IP router, e.g. to forward packets between interfaces. ipv6_gateway_enable (bool) The IPv6 equivalent of gateway_enable. router_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run a routing daemon of some sort, based on the settings of router and router_flags. ipv6_router_enable (bool) The IPv6 equivalent of router_enable. If set to "YES", run a routing daemon of some sort, based on the settings of ipv6_router and ipv6_router_flags. router (str) If router_enable is set to "YES", this is the name of the routing daemon to use. ipv6_router (str) The IPv6 equivalent of router. router_flags (str) If router_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the routing daemon. ipv6_router_flags (str) The IPv6 equivalent of router_flags. mrouted_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the multicast routing daemon, mrouted(8). mroute6d_enable (bool) The IPv6 equivalent of mrouted_enable. If set to "YES", run the IPv6 multicast routing daemon. Note that multicast routing daemons are no longer included in the FreeBSD base system, however, both mrouted(8) and pim6dd(8) may be installed from the FreeBSD Ports Collection. mrouted_flags (str) If mrouted_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the mrouted(8) daemon. mroute6d_flags (str) The IPv6 equivalent of mrouted_flags. If mroute6d_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags passed to the IPv6 multi- cast routing daemon. mroute6d_program (str) If mroute6d_enable is set to "YES", this is the path to the IPv6 multicast routing daemon. rtadvd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the rtadvd(8) daemon at boot time. rtadvd(8) will only run if ipv6_gateway_enable is also set to "YES". The rtadvd(8) utility sends router advertisement pack- ets to the interfaces specified in rtadvd_interfaces and should only be enabled with great care. You may want to fine-tune rtadvd.conf(5). rtadvd_interfaces (str) If rtadvd_enable is set to "YES" this is the list of in- terfaces to use. ipxgateway_enable (bool) If set to "YES", enable the routing of IPX traffic. ipxrouted_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the IPXrouted(8) daemon at system boot time. ipxrouted_flags (str) If ipxrouted_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the IPXrouted(8) daemon. arpproxy_all (bool) If set to "YES", enable global proxy ARP. forward_sourceroute (bool) If set to "YES" and gateway_enable is also set to "YES", source-routed packets are forwarded. accept_sourceroute (bool) If set to "YES", the system will accept source-routed packets directed at it. rarpd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the rarpd(8) daemon at system boot time. rarpd_flags (str) If rarpd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the rarpd(8) daemon. bootparamd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the bootparamd(8) daemon at system boot time. bootparamd_flags (str) If bootparamd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the bootparamd(8) daemon. stf_interface_ipv4addr (str) If not set to "NO", this is the local IPv4 address for 6to4 (IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling interface). Specify this entry to enable the 6to4 interface. stf_interface_ipv4plen (int) Prefix length for 6to4 IPv4 addresses, to limit peer ad- dress range. An effective value is 0-31. stf_interface_ipv6_ifid (str) IPv6 interface ID for stf(4). This can be set to "AUTO". stf_interface_ipv6_slaid (str) IPv6 Site Level Aggregator for stf(4). ipv6_faith_prefix (str) If not set to "NO", this is the faith prefix to enable a FAITH IPv6-to-IPv4 TCP translator. You also need faithd(8) setup. ipv6_ipv4mapping (bool) If set to "YES" this enables IPv4 mapped IPv6 address communication (like ::ffff:a.b.c.d). atm_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to enable the configuration of ATM inter- faces at system boot time. For all of the ATM variables de- scribed below, please refer to the atm(8) manual page for fur- ther details on the available command parameters. Also refer to the files in /usr/share/examples/atm for more detailed con- figuration information. atm_load (str) This is a list of physical ATM interface drivers to load. Typical values are "hfa_pci" and/or "hea_pci". atm_netif_<intf> (str) For the ATM physical interface intf, this variable de- fines the name prefix and count for the ATM network interfaces to be created. The value will be passed as the parameters of an "atm set netif intf" command. atm_sigmgr_<intf> (str) For the ATM physical interface intf, this variable de- fines the ATM signalling manager to be used. The value will be passed as the parameters of an "atm attach intf" command. atm_prefix_<intf> (str) For the ATM physical interface intf, this variable de- fines the NSAP prefix for interfaces using a UNI signalling manager. If set to "ILMI", the prefix will automatically be set via the ilmid(8) daemon. Otherwise, the value will be passed as the parameters of an "atm set prefix intf" command. atm_macaddr_<intf> (str) For the ATM physical interface intf, this variable de- fines the MAC address for interfaces using a UNI signalling manager. If set to "NO", the hardware MAC address contained in the ATM interface card will be used. Otherwise, the value will be passed as the parameters of an "atm set mac intf" command. atm_arpserver_<netif> (str) For the ATM network interface netif, this variable de- fines the ATM address for a host which is to provide ATMARP service. This variable is only applicable to interfaces using a UNI signalling manager. If set to "local", this host will become an ATMARP server. The value will be passed as the para- meters of an "atm set arpserver netif" command. atm_scsparp_<netif> (bool) If set to "YES", SCSP/ATMARP service for the network in- terface netif will be initiated using the scspd(8) and at- marpd(8) daemons. This variable is only applicable if atm_arpserver_<netif> is set to "local". atm_pvcs (str) Set to the list of ATM PVCs to be added at system boot time. For each whitespace separated element in the value, an atm_pvc_<element> variable is assumed to exist. The value of each of these variables will be passed as the parameters of an "atm add pvc" command. atm_arps (str) Set to the list of permanent ATM ARP entries to be added at system boot time. For each whitespace separated element in the value, an atm_arp_<element> variable is assumed to exist. The value of each of these variables will be passed as the pa- rameters of an "atm add arp" command. natm_interfaces (str) Set to the list of natm(4) interfaces that will also be used for HARP through harp(4). If this list is not empty all interfaces in the list will be brought up with ifconfig(8) and harp(4) will be loaded. For this to work the interface drivers must be either compiled into the kernel or must reside on the root partition. keybell (str) The keyboard bell sound. Set to "normal", "visual", "off", or "NO" if the default behavior is desired. For de- tails, refer to the kbdcontrol(1) manpage. keyboard (str) If set to a non-null string, the virtual console's key- board input is set to this device. keymap (str) If set to "NO", no keymap is installed, otherwise the value is used to install the keymap file in /usr/share/syscons/keymaps/<value>.kbd. keyrate (str) The keyboard repeat speed. Set to "slow", "normal", "fast", or "NO" if the default behavior is desired. keychange (str) If not set to "NO", attempt to program the function keys with the value. The value should be a single string of the form: "funkey_number new_value [funkey_number new_value ...]". cursor (str) Can be set to the value of "normal", "blink", "destructive", or "NO" to set the cursor behavior explicitly or choose the default behavior. scrnmap (str) If set to "NO", no screen map is installed, otherwise the value is used to install the screen map file in /usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps/<value>. font8x16 (str) If set to "NO", the default 8x16 font value is used for screen size requests, otherwise the value in /usr/share/syscons/fonts/<value> is used. font8x14 (str) If set to "NO", the default 8x14 font value is used for screen size requests, otherwise the value in /usr/share/syscons/fonts/<value> is used. font8x8 (str) If set to "NO", the default 8x8 font value is used for screen size requests, otherwise the value in /usr/share/syscons/fonts/<value> is used. blanktime (int) If set to "NO", the default screen blanking interval is used, otherwise it is set to value seconds. saver (str) If not set to "NO", this is the actual screen saver to use (blank, snake, daemon, etc). moused_nondefault_enable (str) If set to "NO", the mouse device specified on the command line is not automatically treated as enabled by the /etc/rc.d/moused script. Having this variable set to "YES" al- lows a usb(4) mouse, for example, to be enabled as soon as it is plugged in. moused_enable (str) If set to "YES", the moused(8) daemon is started for do- ing cut/paste selection on the console. moused_type (str) This is the protocol type of the mouse connected to this host. This variable must be set if moused_enable is set to "YES". The moused(8) daemon is able to detect the appropriate mouse type automatically in many cases. Set this variable to "auto" to let the daemon detect it, or select one from the fol- lowing list if the automatic detection fails. If the mouse is attached to the PS/2 mouse port, choose "auto" or "ps/2", regardless of the brand and model of the mouse. Likewise, if the mouse is attached to the bus mouse port, choose "auto" or "busmouse". All other protocols are for ser- ial mice and will not work with the PS/2 and bus mice. If this is a USB mouse, "auto" is the only protocol type which will work. microsoft Microsoft mouse (serial) intellimouse Microsoft IntelliMouse (serial) mousesystems Mouse systems Corp. mouse (serial) mmseries MM Series mouse (serial) logitech Logitech mouse (serial) busmouse A bus mouse mouseman Logitech MouseMan and TrackMan (serial) glidepoint ALPS GlidePoint (serial) thinkingmouse Kensington ThinkingMouse (serial) ps/2 PS/2 mouse mmhittab MM HitTablet (serial) x10mouseremote X10 MouseRemote (serial) versapad Interlink VersaPad (serial) Even if the mouse is not in the above list, it may be compati- ble with one in the list. Refer to the manual page for moused(8) for compatibility information. It should also be noted that while this is enabled, any other client of the mouse (such as an X server) should access the mouse through the virtual mouse device, /dev/sysmouse, and con- figure it as a "sysmouse" type mouse, since all mouse data is converted to this single canonical format when using moused(8). If the client program does not support the "sysmouse" type, specify the "mousesystems" type. It is the second preferred type. moused_port (str) If moused_enable is set to "YES", this is the actual port the mouse is on. It might be /dev/cuad0 for a COM1 serial mouse, /dev/psm0 for a PS/2 mouse or /dev/mse0 for a bus mouse, for example. moused_flags (str) If moused_flags is set, its value is used as an addi- tional set of flags to pass to the moused(8) daemon. moused_XXX_flags When moused_nondefault_enable is enabled, and a moused(8) dae- mon is started for a non-default port, the moused_XXX_flags set of options has precedence over and replaces the default moused_flags (where XXX is the name of the non-default port, i.e. ums0). By setting moused_XXX_flags it is possible to set up a different set of default flags for each moused(8) in- stance. For example, you can use "-3" for the default moused_flags to make your laptop's touchpad more comfortable to use, but an empty set of options for moused_ums0_flags when your usb(4) mouse has three or more buttons. mousechar_start (int) If set to "NO", the default mouse cursor character range 0xd0-0xd3 is used, otherwise the range start is set to value character, see vidcontrol(1). Use if the default range is oc- cupied in the language code table. allscreens_flags (str) If set, vidcontrol(1) is run with these options for each of the virtual terminals (/dev/ttyv*). For example, "-m on" will enable the mouse pointer on all virtual terminals if moused_enable is set to "YES". allscreens_kbdflags (str) If set, kbdcontrol(1) is run with these options for each of the virtual terminals (/dev/ttyv*). For example, "-h 200" will set the syscons(4) scrollback (history) buffer to 200 lines. cron_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the cron(8) daemon at system boot time. cron_program (str) Path to cron(8) (default /usr/sbin/cron). cron_flags (str) If cron_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to cron(8). cron_dst (bool) If set to "YES", enable the special handling of transi- tions to and from the Daylight Saving Time in cron(8) (equiva- lent to using the flag -s). lpd_program (str) Path to lpd(8) (default /usr/sbin/lpd). lpd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the lpd(8) daemon at system boot time. lpd_flags (str) If lpd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the lpd(8) daemon. chkprintcap_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run the chkprintcap(8) command before starting the lpd(8) daemon. chkprintcap_flags (str) If lpd_enable and chkprintcap_enable are set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the chkprintcap(8) program. The default is "-d", which causes missing directories to be cre- ated. mta_start_script (str) This variable specifies the full path to the script to run to start a mail transfer agent. The default is /etc/rc.sendmail. The sendmail_* variables which /etc/rc.sendmail uses are documented in the rc.sendmail(8) man- ual page. dumpdev (str) Indicates the device (usually a swap partition) to which a crash dump should be written in the event of a system crash. If the value of this variable is "AUTO", the first suitable swap device listed in /etc/fstab will be used as dump device. Otherwise, the value of this variable is passed as the argument to dumpon(8). To disable crash dumps, set this variable to "NO". dumpdir (str) When the system reboots after a crash and a crash dump is found on the device specified by the dumpdev variable, savecore(8) will save that crash dump and a copy of the kernel to the directory specified by the dumpdir variable. The de- fault value is /var/crash. Set to "NO" to not run savecore(8) at boot time when dumpdir is set. savecore_flags (str) If crash dumps are enabled, these are the flags to pass to the savecore(8) utility. quota_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to turn on user and group disk quotas on system startup via the quotaon(8) command for all file systems marked as having quotas enabled in /etc/fstab. The kernel must be built with options QUOTA for disk quotas to function. check_quotas (bool) Set to "YES" to enable user and group disk quota check- ing via the quotacheck(8) command. quotacheck_flags (str) If quota_enable is set to "YES", and check_quotas is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the quotacheck(8) utility. The default is "-a", which checks quotas for all file systems with quotas enabled in /etc/fstab. quotaon_flags (str) If quota_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the quotaon(8) utility. The default is "-a", which en- ables quotas for all file systems with quotas enabled in /etc/fstab. quotaoff_flags (str) If quota_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the quotaoff(8) utility when shutting down the quota system. The default is "-a", which disables quotas for all file systems with quotas enabled in /etc/fstab. accounting_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to enable system accounting through the ac- cton(8) facility. ibcs2_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to enable iBCS2 (SCO) binary emulation at system initial boot time. ibcs2_loaders (str) If not set to "NO" and if ibcs2_enable is set to "YES", this specifies a list of additional iBCS2 loaders to enable. linux_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to enable Linux/ELF binary emulation at system initial boot time. svr4_enable (bool) If set to "YES", enable SysVR4 emulation at boot time. sysvipc_enable (bool) If set to "YES", load System V IPC primitives at boot time. clear_tmp_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to have /tmp cleaned at startup. clear_tmp_X (bool) Set to "NO" to disable removing of X11 lock files, and the removal and (secure) recreation of the various socket di- rectories for X11 related programs. ldconfig_paths (str) Set to the list of shared library paths to use with ld- config(8). NOTE: /usr/lib will always be added first, so it need not appear in this list. ldconfig32_paths (str) Set to the list of 32-bit compatibility shared library paths to use with ldconfig(8). ldconfig_paths_aout (str) Set to the list of shared library paths to use with ld- config(8) legacy a.out(5) support. ldconfig_insecure (bool) The ldconfig(8) utility normally refuses to use directo- ries which are writable by anyone except root. Set this vari- able to "YES" to disable that security check during system startup. ldconfig_local_dirs (str) Set to the list of local ldconfig(8) directories. The names of all files in the directories listed will be passed as arguments to ldconfig(8). ldconfig_local32_dirs (str) Set to the list of local 32-bit compatibility ldconfig(8) directories. The names of all files in the directories listed will be passed as arguments to "ldconfig -32". kern_securelevel_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to set the kernel security level at system startup. kern_securelevel (int) The kernel security level to set at startup. The allowed range of value ranges from -1 (the compile time default) to 3 (the most secure). See security(7) for the list of possible security levels and their effect on system operation. sshd_program (str) Path to the SSH server program (/usr/sbin/sshd is the de- fault). sshd_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to start sshd(8) at system boot time. sshd_flags (str) If sshd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the sshd(8) daemon. ftpd_program (str) Path to the FTP server program (/usr/libexec/ftpd is the default). ftpd_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to start ftpd(8) as a stand-alone daemon at system boot time. ftpd_flags (str) If ftpd_enable is set to "YES", these are the additional flags to pass to the ftpd(8) daemon. watchdogd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", start the watchdogd(8) daemon at boot time. This requires that the kernel have been compiled with a watchdog(4) compatible device. watchdogd_flags (str) If watchdogd_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags passed to the watchdogd(8) daemon. performance_cx_lowest (str) CPU idle state to use while on AC power. The string "LOW" indicates that acpi(4) should use the lowest power state available while "HIGH" indicates that the lowest latency state (less power savings) should be used. performance_cpu_freq (str) CPU clock frequency to use while on AC power. The string "LOW" indicates that cpufreq(4) should use the lowest frequency available while "HIGH" indicates that the highest frequency (less power savings) should be used. economy_cx_lowest (str) CPU idle state to use when off AC power. The string "LOW" indicates that acpi(4) should use the lowest power state available while "HIGH" indicates that the lowest latency state (less power savings) should be used. economy_cpu_freq (str) CPU clock frequency to use when off AC power. The string "LOW" indicates that cpufreq(4) should use the lowest frequency available while "HIGH" indicates that the highest frequency (less power savings) should be used. jail_enable (bool) If set to "NO", any configured jails will not be started. jail_list (str) A space separated list of names for jails. This is purely a configuration aid to help identify and configure mul- tiple jails. The names specified in this list will be used to identify settings common to an instance of a jail, and should contain alphanumeric characters only. Assuming that the jail in question was named vjail, you would have the following de- pendent variables: jail_vjail_hostname="jail.example.com" jail_vjail_ip="192.0.2.100" jail_vjail_rootdir="/var/jails/vjail/root" jail_flags (str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for jail_<jname>_flags for every jail in jail_list. jail_interface (str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for jail_<jname>_interface for every jail in jail_list. jail_fstab (str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for jail_<jname>_fstab for every jail in jail_list. jail_mount_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. When set to "YES", sets jail_<jname>_mount_enable to "YES" by default for every jail in jail_list. jail_devfs_ruleset (str) Unset by default. When set, sets jail_<jname>_devfs_ruleset to given value for every jail in jail_list. jail_devfs_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. When set to "YES", sets jail_<jname>_devfs_enable to "YES" by default for every jail in jail_list. jail_fdescfs_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. When set to "YES", sets jail_<jname>_fdescfs_enable to "YES" by default for every jail in jail_list. jail_procfs_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. When set to "YES", sets jail_<jname>_fdescfs_enable to "YES" by default for every jail in jail_list. jail_exec_prestart<N> (str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for jail_<jname>_exec_prestart<N> for every jail in jail_list. jail_exec_start (str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for jail_<jname>_exec_start for every jail in jail_list. jail_exec_afterstart<N> (str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for jail_<jname>_exec_afterstart<N> for every jail in jail_list. jail_exec_poststart<N> (str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for jail_<jname>_exec_poststart<N> for every jail in jail_list. jail_exec_prestop<N> (str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for jail_<jname>_exec_prestop<N> for every jail in jail_list. jail_exec_stop Unset by default. When set, use as default value for jail_<jname>_exec_stop for every jail in jail_list. jail_exec_poststop<N> (str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for jail_<jname>_exec_poststop<N> for every jail in jail_list. jail_<jname>_rootdir (str) Unset by default. Set to the root directory used by jail jname. jail_<jname>_hostname (str) Unset by default. Set to the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) assigned to jail jname. jail_<jname>_ip (str) Unset by default. Set to the (primary) IPv4 and/or IPv6 address(es) assigned to the jail. The argument can be a sole address or a comma separated list of addresses. Additionally each address can be prefixed by the name of an interface fol- lowed by a pipe to overwrite jail_<jname>_interface or jail_interface and/or suffixed by a netmask, prefixlen or pre- fix. In case no netmask, prefixlen or prefix is given, `/32' will be used for IPv4 and `/128' will be used for an IPv6 ad- dress. If no address is given for the jail then the jail will be started with no networking support. jail_<jname>_ip_multi<n> (str) Unset by default. Set additional IPv4 and/or IPv6 ad- dress(es) assigned to the jail. The sequence starts with "_multi0" and the numbers have to be strictly ascending. These entries follow the same syntax as their primary jail_<jname>_ip entry. The order of the entries can be important as the first address for each address family found will be the primary ad- dress of the jail. See ip-addresses option in jail(8) for more details. jail_<jname>_flags (str) Set to "-l -U root" by default. These are flags to pass to jail. jail_<jname>_interface (str) Unset by default. When set, sets the interface to use when setting IP address alias. Note that the alias is created at jail startup and removed at jail shutdown. jail_<jname>_fib (str) Unset by default. When set, the jail is started with the specified forwarding table (sometimes referred to as a routing table) via setfib(1). jail_<jname>_fstab (str) Set to /etc/fstab.<jname> by default. This is the file system information file to use for jail jname. jail_<jname>_mount_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. When set to "YES", mount all file systems from jail_<jname>_fstab at jail startup. jail_<jname>_devfs_ruleset (str) Unset by default. When set, defines the device file sys- tem ruleset file to use for jail jname. jail_<jname>_devfs_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. When set to "YES", mount the device file system inside jail jname at jail startup. jail_<jname>_fdescfs_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. When set to "YES", mount the file-descriptor file system inside jail jname at jail startup. jail_<jname>_procfs_enable (bool) Set to "NO" by default. When set to "YES", mount the process file system inside jail jname at jail startup. jail_<jname>_exec_prestart<N> (str) Unset by default. This is the command run as Nth command before jail startup, where N is 0, 1, and so on. It is run outside the jail. jail_<jname>_exec_start (str) Set to "/bin/sh /etc/rc" by default. This is the command executed in a jail at jail startup. jail_<jname>_exec_afterstart<N> (str) Unset by default. This is the command run as Nth command in a jail after jail startup, where N is 1, 2, and so on. jail_<jname>_exec_poststart<N> (str) Unset by default. This is the command run as Nth command after jail startup, where N is 0, 1, and so on. It is run out- side the jail. jail_<jname>_exec_prestop<N> (str) Unset by default. This is the command run as Nth command before jail shutdown, where N is 0, 1, and so on. It is run outside the jail. jail_<jname>_exec_stop (str) Set to "/bin/sh /etc/rc.shutdown" by default. This is the command executed in a jail at jail shutdown. jail_<jname>_exec_poststop<N> (str) Unset by default. This is the command run as Nth command after jail shutdown, where N is 0, 1, and so on. It is run outside the jail. jail_set_hostname_allow (bool) If set to "NO", do not allow the root user in a jail to set its hostname. jail_socket_unixiproute_only (bool) If set to "YES", do not allow any sockets, besides UNIX/IP/route sockets, to be used within a jail. jail_sysvipc_allow (bool) If set to "YES", allow applications within a jail to use System V IPC. harvest_interrupt (bool) Set to "YES" to use hardware interrupts as an entropy source. Refer to random(4) for more information. harvest_ethernet (bool) Set to "YES" to use LAN traffic as an entropy source. Refer to random(4) for more information. harvest_p_to_p (bool) Set to "YES" to use serial line traffic as an entropy source. Refer to random(4) for more information. entropy_dir (str) Set to "NO" to disable caching entropy via cron(8). Oth- erwise set to the directory used to store entropy files in. entropy_file (str) Set to "NO" to disable caching entropy through reboots. Otherwise set to the filename used to store cached entropy through reboots. This file should be located on the root file system to seed the random(4) device as early as possible in the boot process. entropy_save_sz (int) Size of the entropy cache files saved by save-entropy pe- riodically. entropy_save_num (int) Number of entropy cache files to save by save-entropy pe- riodically. ipsec_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to run setkey(8) on ipsec_file at boot time. ipsec_file (str) Configuration file for setkey(8). dmesg_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to save dmesg(8) to /var/run/dmesg.boot on boot. rcshutdown_timeout (int) If set, start a watchdog timer in the background which will terminate rc.shutdown if shutdown(8) has not completed within the specified time (in seconds). Notice that in addi- tion to this soft timeout, init(8) also applies a hard timeout for the execution of rc.shutdown. This is configured via sysctl(8) variable kern.init_shutdown_timeout and defaults to 120 seconds. Setting the value of rcshutdown_timeout to more than 120 seconds will have no effect until the sysctl(8) vari- able kern.init_shutdown_timeout is also increased. virecover_enable (bool) Set to "NO" to prevent the system from trying to recover pre-maturely terminated vi(1) sessions. ugidfw_enable (bool) Set to "YES" to load the mac_bsdextended(4) module upon system initialization and load a default ruleset file. bsdextended_script (str) The default mac_bsdextended(4) ruleset file to load. The default value of this variable is /etc/rc.bsdextended. newsyslog_enable (bool) If set to "YES", run newsyslog(8) command at startup. newsyslog_flags (str) If newsyslog_enable is set to "YES", these are the flags to pass to the newsyslog(8) program. The default is "-CN", which causes log files flagged with a C to be created. mdconfig_md<X> (str) Arguments to mdconfig(8) for md(4) device X. At minimum a -t type must be specified and either a -s size for malloc or swap backed md(4) devices or a -f file for vnode backed md(4) devices. Note that mdconfig_md<X> variables are evaluated un- til one variable is unset or null. mdconfig_md<X>_newfs (str) Optional arguments passed to newfs(8) to initialize md(4) device X. mdconfig_md<X>_owner (str) An ownership specification passed to chown(8) after the specified md(4) device X has been mounted. Both the md(4) de- vice and the mount point will be changed. mdconfig_md<X>_perms (str) A mode string passed to chmod(1) after the specified md(4) device X has been mounted. Both the md(4) device and the mount point will be changed. mdconfig_md<X>_files (str) Files to be copied to the mount point of the md(4) device X after it has been mounted. mdconfig_md<X>_cmd (str) Command to execute after the specified md(4) device X has been mounted. Note that the command is passed to eval and that both _dev and _mp variables can be used to reference respec- tively the md(4) device and the mount point. Assuming that the md(4) device is md0, one could set the following: mdconfig_md0_cmd="tar xfzC /var/file.tgz \${_mp}" autobridge_interfaces (str) Set to the list of bridge interfaces that will have newly arriving interfaces checked against to be automatically added. If not set to "NO" then for each whitespace separated element in the value, a autobridge_<element> variable is assumed to ex- ist which has a whitespace separated list of interface names to match, these names can use wildcards. For example: autobridge_interfaces="bridge0" autobridge_bridge0="tap* dc0 vlan[345]" mixer_enable (bool) If set to "YES", enable support for sound mixer. hcsecd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", enable Bluetooth security daemon. hcsecd_config (str) Configuration file for hcsecd(8). Default /etc/bluetooth/hcsecd.conf. sdpd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", enable Bluetooth Service Discovery Pro- tocol daemon. sdpd_control (str) Path to sdpd(8) control socket. Default /var/run/sdp. sdpd_groupname (str) Sets sdpd(8) group to run as after it initializes. De- fault "nobody". sdpd_username (str) Sets sdpd(8) user to run as after it initializes. De- fault "nobody". bthidd_enable (bool) If set to "YES", enable Bluetooth Human Interface Device daemon. bthidd_config (str) Configuration file for bthidd(8). Default /etc/bluetooth/bthidd.conf. bthidd_hids (str) Path to a file, where bthidd(8) will store information about known HID devices. Default /var/db/bthidd.hids. rfcomm_pppd_server_enable (bool) If set to "YES", enable Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP wrapper daemon. rfcomm_pppd_server_profile (str) The name of the profile to use from /etc/ppp/ppp.conf. Multiple profiles can be specified here. Also used to specify per-profile overrides. When the profile name contains any of the characters ".-/+" they are translated to "_" for the pro- poses of the override variable names. rfcomm_pppd_server_<profile>_bdaddr (str) Overrides local address to listen on. By default rf- comm_pppd(8) will listen on "ANY" address. The address can be specified as BD_ADDR or name. rfcomm_pppd_server_<profile>_channel (str) Overrides local RFCOMM channel to listen on. By default rfcomm_pppd(8) will listen on RFCOMM channel 1. Must set prop- erly if multiple profiles used in the same time. rfcomm_pppd_server_<profile>_register_sp (bool) Tells rfcomm_pppd(8) if it should register Serial Port service on the specified RFCOMM channel. Default "NO". rfcomm_pppd_server_<profile>_register_dun (bool) Tells rfcomm_pppd(8) if it should register Dial-Up Net- working service on the specified RFCOMM channel. Default "NO". ubthidhci_enable (bool) If set to "YES", change the USB Bluetooth controller from HID mode to HCI mode. You also need to specify the loca- tion of USB Bluetooth controller with the ubthidhci_busnum and ubthidhci_addr variables. ubthidhci_busnum Bus number where the USB Bluetooth controller is located. Check the output of usbconfig(8) on your system to find this information. ubthidhci_addr Bus address of the USB Bluetooth controller. Check the output of usbconfig(8) on your system to find this information. FILES /etc/defaults/rc.conf /etc/rc.conf /etc/rc.conf.local SEE ALSO catman(1), chmod(1), gdb(1), info(1), kbdcontrol(1), makewhatis(1), sh(1), vi(1), vidcontrol(1), bridge(4), dummynet(4), ip(4), ipf(4), ipfw(4), ip- nat(4), kld(4), pf(4), pflog(4), pfsync(4), tcp(4), udp(4), exports(5), fstab(5), ipf(5), ipnat(5), motd(5), newsyslog.conf(5), pf.conf(5), secu- rity(7), accton(8), amd(8), apm(8), atm(8), bthidd(8), chkprintcap(8), chown(8), cron(8), dhclient(8), ftpd(8), geli(8), hcsecd(8), ifconfig(8), inetd(8), ipf(8), ipfw(8), ipnat(8), jail(8), kldxref(8), lpd(8), mdcon- fig(8), mdmfs(8), mixer(8), mountd(8), moused(8), mrouted(8), named(8), newfs(8), newsyslog(8), nfsd(8), ntpd(8), ntpdate(8), pfctl(8), pflogd(8), powerd(8), quotacheck(8), quotaon(8), rc(8), rc.sendmail(8), rf- comm_pppd(8), route(8), routed(8), rpcbind(8), rpc.lockd(8), rpc.statd(8), rwhod(8), savecore(8), sdpd(8), sshd(8), swapon(8), sysctl(8), syslogd(8), timed(8), usbconfig(8), wlandebug(8), yp(8), ypbind(8), ypserv(8), ypset(8) HISTORY The rc.conf file appeared in FreeBSD 2.2.2. AUTHORS Jordan K. Hubbard. FreeBSD 8.2 November 13, 2010 RC.CONF(5)
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