ATH(4) Kernel Interfaces Manual ATH(4) NAME ath -- Atheros IEEE 802.11 wireless network driver SYNOPSIS To compile this driver into the kernel, place the following lines in your kernel configuration file: device ath device ath_pci device ath_hal options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 device ath_rate_sample device wlan Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the following line in loader.conf(5): if_ath_load="YES" if_ath_pci_load="YES" DESCRIPTION The ath driver provides support for wireless network adapters based on the Atheros AR5210, AR5211, AR5212, and AR5416 programming APIs. These APIs are used by a wide variety of chips; most all chips with a PCI and/or Card- Bus interface are supported. Supported features include 802.11 and 802.3 frames, power management, BSS, IBSS, MBSS, TDMA, and host-based access point operation modes. All host/device interaction is via DMA. Please note that from FreeBSD-9.0, the ath driver does not include the PCI/PCIe bus glue. The same driver supports multiple underlying bus types, including PCI/PCIe, but also embedded (AHB) and USB in the future. To enable use for PCI/PCIe systems, see the ath_pci(4) driver. For embed- ded systems which use the AHB to connect the wireless MAC, see the ath_ahb(4) driver. The ath driver encapsulates all IP and ARP traffic as 802.11 frames, how- ever it can receive either 802.11 or 802.3 frames. Transmit speed and op- erating mode is selectable and depends on the specific chipset. AR5210-based devices support 802.11a operation with transmit speeds of 6 Mbps, 9 Mbps, 12 Mbps, 18 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 48 Mbps, and 54 Mbps. AR5211-based devices support 802.11a and 802.11b operation with transmit speeds as above for 802.11a operation and 1Mbps, 2Mbps, 5.5 Mbps and 11Mbps for 802.11b operation. AR5212-based devices support 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g operation with transmit speeds appropriate to each. AR5416-class devices are capable of 802.11n operation but are supported only in legacy modes (802.11a, 11b, 11g). Most chips also support an Atheros Turbo Mode (TM) that operates in the 5GHz frequency range with 2x the transmit speeds. Some chips also support Turbo mode in the 2.4GHz range with 802.11g though this support is not presently available due to regulatory requirements. (Note that Turbo modes are, however, only interoperable with other Atheros- based devices.) AR5212-based devices also support half- (10MHz) and quar- ter-width (5MHz) channels. The actual transmit speed used is dependent on signal quality and the "rate control" algorithm employed by the driver. All chips support WEP encryption. AR5212 and AR5416 parts have hardware support for the AES-CCM, TKIP, and Michael cryptographic operations re- quired for WPA. To enable encryption, use ifconfig(8) as shown below. The driver supports station, adhoc, adhoc-demo, hostap, mesh, wds, and monitor mode operation. Multiple hostap virtual interfaces may be config- ured for simultaneous use on cards that use a 5212 part. When multiple in- terfaces are configured each may have a separate mac address that is formed by setting the U/L bits in the mac address assigned to the underlying de- vice. Any number of wds virtual interfaces may be configured together with hostap interfaces. Multiple station interfaces may be operated together with hostap interfaces to construct a wireless repeater device. The driver also support tdma operation when compiled with options IEEE80211_SUP- PORT_TDMA (which also enables the required 802.11 support). For more in- formation on configuring this device, see ifconfig(8). Devices supported by the ath driver come in either Cardbus or mini-PCI packages. Wireless cards in Cardbus slots may be inserted and ejected on the fly. HARDWARE The ath driver supports all Atheros Cardbus and PCI cards, except those that are based on the AR5005VL chipset. EXAMPLES Join a specific BSS network with WEP encryption: ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \ wepmode on wepkey 0x8736639624 Join/create an 802.11b IBSS network with network name "my_net": ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.22 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \ mode 11b Create an 802.11g host-based access point: ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_ap \ mode 11g Create an 802.11a mesh station: ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode mesh ifconfig wlan0 meshid my_mesh mode 11a inet 192.168.0.10/24 Create two virtual 802.11a host-based access points, one with WEP enabled and one with no security, and bridge them to the fxp0 (wired) device: ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap \ ssid paying-customers wepmode on wepkey 0x1234567890 \ mode 11a up ifconfig wlan1 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap bssid \ ssid freeloaders up ifconfig bridge0 create addm wlan0 addm wlan1 addm fxp0 up Create a master node in a two slot TDMA BSS configured to use 2.5 millisec- ond slots. ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode tdma \ ssid tdma-test tmdaslot 0 tdmaslotlen 2500 \ channel 36 up DIAGNOSTICS ath%d: unable to attach hardware; HAL status %u The Atheros Hardware Ac- cess Layer was unable to configure the hardware as requested. The status code is explained in the HAL include file sys/dev/ath/ath_hal/ah.h. ath%d: failed to allocate descriptors: %d The driver was unable to allo- cate contiguous memory for the transmit and receive descriptors. This usu- ally indicates system memory is scarce and/or fragmented. ath%d: unable to setup a data xmit queue! The request to the HAL to set up the transmit queue for normal data frames failed. This should not happen. ath%d: unable to setup a beacon xmit queue! The request to the HAL to set up the transmit queue for 802.11 beacon frames failed. This should not happen. ath%d: 802.11 address: %s The MAC address programmed in the EEPROM is dis- played. ath%d: hardware error; resetting An unrecoverable error in the hardware occurred. Errors of this sort include unrecoverable DMA errors. The dri- ver will reset the hardware and continue. ath%d: rx FIFO overrun; resetting The receive FIFO in the hardware over- flowed before the data could be transferred to the host. This typically occurs because the hardware ran short of receive descriptors and had no place to transfer received data. The driver will reset the hardware and continue. ath%d: unable to reset hardware; hal status %u The Atheros Hardware Access Layer was unable to reset the hardware as requested. The status code is explained in the HAL include file sys/dev/ath/ath_hal/ah.h. This should not happen. ath%d: unable to start recv logic The driver was unable to restart frame reception. This should not happen. ath%d: device timeout A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. The driver will reset the hardware and continue. This should not happen. ath%d: bogus xmit rate 0x%x An invalid transmit rate was specified for an outgoing frame. The frame is discarded. This should not happen. ath%d: ath_chan_set: unable to reset channel %u (%u MHz) The Atheros Hard- ware Access Layer was unable to reset the hardware when switching channels during scanning. This should not happen. ath%d: failed to enable memory mapping The driver was unable to enable memory-mapped I/O to the PCI device registers. This should not happen. ath%d: failed to enable bus mastering The driver was unable to enable the device as a PCI bus master for doing DMA. This should not happen. ath%d: cannot map register space The driver was unable to map the device registers into the host address space. This should not happen. ath%d: could not map interrupt The driver was unable to allocate an IRQ for the device interrupt. This should not happen. ath%d: could not establish interrupt The driver was unable to install the device interrupt handler. This should not happen. SEE ALSO ath_hal(4), cardbus(4), intro(4), pcic(4), wlan(4), wlan_ccmp(4), wlan_tkip(4), wlan_wep(4), wlan_xauth(4), hostapd(8), ifconfig(8), wpa_sup- plicant(8) HISTORY The ath device driver first appeared in FreeBSD 5.2. CAVEATS Revision A1 of the D-LINK DWL-G520 and DWL-G650 are based on an Intersil PrismGT chip and are not supported by this driver. BUGS There is no software retransmit; only hardware retransmit is used. The driver does not fully enable power-save operation of the chip in sta- tion mode; consequently power use is suboptimal (e.g. on a laptop). WPA is not supported for 5210 parts. FreeBSD 9.1 August 28, 2011 ATH(4)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | HARDWARE | EXAMPLES | DIAGNOSTICS | SEE ALSO | HISTORY | CAVEATS | BUGS
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