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dnsperf(1) General Commands Manual dnsperf(1) NAME dnsperf - test the performance of a DNS server SYNOPSIS dnsperf [-a local_addr] [-b bufsize] [-B] [-c clients] [-d datafile] [-D] [-e] [-E code:secret] [-f family] [-h] [-l limit] [-m mode] [-n runs_through_file] [-p port] [-q num_queries] [-Q max_qps] [-s server_addr] [-S stats_interval] [-t timeout] [-T threads] [-u] [-v] [-W] [-x local_port] [-y [alg:]name:secret] [-O option=value] DESCRIPTION dnsperf is a DNS server performance testing tool. It is primarily in- tended for measuring the performance of authoritative DNS servers, but it can also be used for measuring caching server performance in a closed laboratory environment. For testing caching servers resolving against the live Internet, the resperf program is preferred. It is recommended that dnsperf and the name server under test be run on separate machines, so that the CPU usage of dnsperf itself does not slow down the name server. The two machines should be connected with a fast network, preferably a dedicated Gigabit Ethernet segment. Testing through a router or firewall is not advisable. Configuring the name server If using dnsperf to test an authoritative server, the name server under test should be set up to serve one or more zones similar in size and number to what the server is expected to serve in production. Also, be sure to turn off recursion in the server's configuration (in BIND 8/9, specify "recursion no;" in the options block). In BIND 8, you should also specify "fetch-glue no;"; otherwise the server may at- tempt to retrieve glue information from the Internet during the test, slowing it down by an unpredictable factor. Constructing a query input file A dnsperf input file should contain a large and realistic set of queries, on the order of ten thousand to a million. The input file contains one line per query, consisting of a domain name and an RR type name separated by a space. The class of the query is implicitly IN. When measuring the performance serving non-terminal zones such as the root zone or TLDs, note that such servers spend most of their time pro- viding referral responses, not authoritative answers. Therefore, a re- alistic input file might consist mostly of queries for type A for names *below*, not at, the delegations present in the zone. For example, when testing the performance of a server configured to be authoritative for the top-level domain "fi.", which contains delegations for domains like "helsinki.fi" and "turku.fi", the input file could contain lines like www.turku.fi A www.helsinki.fi A where the "www" prefix ensures that the server will respond with a re- ferral. Ideally, a realistic proportion of queries for nonexistent do- mains should be mixed in with those for existing ones, and the lines of the input file should be in a random order. Constructing a dynamic update input file To test dynamic update performance, dnsperf is run with the -u option, and the input file is constructed of blocks of lines describing dynamic update messages. The first line in a block contains the zone name: example.com Subsequent lines contain prerequisites, if there are any. Prerequi- sites can specify that a name may or may not exist, an rrset may or may not exist, or an rrset exists and its rdata matches all specified rdata for that name and type. The keywords "require" and "prohibit" are fol- lowed by the appropriate information. All relative names are consid- ered to be relative to the zone name. The following lines show the 5 types of prerequisites. require a require a A require a A 1.2.3.4 prohibit x prohibit x A Subsequent lines contain records to be added, records to be deleted, rrsets to be deleted, or names to be deleted. The keywords "add" or "delete" are followed by the appropriate information. All relative names are considered to be relative to the zone name. The following lines show the 4 types of updates. add x 3600 A 10.1.2.3 delete y A 10.1.2.3 delete z A delete w Each update message is terminated by a line containing the command: send Running the tests When running dnsperf, a data file (the -d option) and server (the -s option) will normally be specified. The output of dnsperf is mostly self-explanatory. Pay attention to the number of dropped packets re- ported - when running the test over a local Ethernet connection, it should be zero. If one or more packets has been dropped, there may be a problem with the network connection. In that case, the results should be considered suspect and the test repeated. Using DNS-over-HTTPS When using DNS-over-HTTPS you must set the -O doh-uri=... to something that works with the server you're sending to. Also note that the value for maximum outstanding queries will be used to control the maximum concurrent streams within the HTTP/2 connection. OPTIONS -a local_addr Specifies the local address from which to send requests. The default is the wildcard address. -b bufsize Sets the size of the socket's send and receive buffers, in kilo- bytes. If not specified, the operating system's default is used. -B Instructs dnsperf to read datafile in TCP-stream binary format as specified by RFC 1035 section "4.2.2. TCP usage". Each pack- et is preceded by 2-byte preambule which specifies length of the following DNS packet in network byte order, immediatelly fol- lowed by raw bytes of the packet. First two bytes of any packet should contain message ID and are overwritten by dnsperf on the fly. All other bytes are left intact. Packets shorter than two bytes are sent intact. Packets in datafile can contain arbi- trary bytes and are not checked for validity. Malformed packets probably will not be responded to by servers and will cause timeouts. This option is mutually exclusive with -D, -e, -E, -u and -y. These binary datafiles can be generated using arbitrary TCP lis- teners such as netcat (nc) and sockat. TCP must be used so that the length is prepended. Following example shows how to gener- ate a datafile with two query and then using it, you need two terminals. (terminal 1) $ nc -l 127.0.0.1 5300 > dns.blob (terminal 2) $ echo "example.com A" | dnsperf -s 127.0.0.1 -p 5300 -m tcp (terminal 1) $ nc -l 127.0.0.1 5300 >> dns.blob (terminal 2) $ echo "example.com AAAA" | dnsperf -s 127.0.0.1 -p 5300 -m tcp (terminal 1) $ dnsperf -B -d dns.blob -s $IP -c clients Act as multiple clients. Requests are sent from multiple sock- ets. The default is to act as 1 client. -d datafile Specifies the input data file. If not specified, dnsperf will read from standard input. -D Sets the DO (DNSSEC OK) bit [RFC3225] in all packets sent. This also enables EDNS0, which is required for DNSSEC. This option is mutually exclusive with -B. -e Enables EDNS0 [RFC2671], by adding an OPT record to all packets sent. This option is mutually exclusive with -B. -E code:value Add an EDNS [RFC2671] option to all packets sent, using the specified numeric option code and value expressed as a a hex-en- coded string. This also enables EDNS0. This option is mutually exclusive with -B. -f family Specifies the address family used for sending DNS packets. The possible values are "inet", "inet6", or "any". If "any" (the default value) is specified, dnsperf will use whichever address family is appropriate for the server it is sending packets to. -h Print a usage statement and exit. -l limit Specifies a time limit for the run, in seconds. This may cause the input to be read multiple times, or only some of the input to be read. The default behavior is to read the input once, and have no specific time limit. -n runs_through_file Run through the input file at most this many times. If no time limit is set, the file will be read exactly this number of times; if a time limit is set, the file may be read fewer times. -p port Sets the port on which the DNS packets are sent. If not speci- fied, the standard DNS port (udp/tcp 53, DoT 853, DoH 443) is used. -q num_queries Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests. When this val- ue is reached, dnsperf will not send any more requests until ei- ther responses are received or requests time out. The default value is 100. -Q max_qps Limits the number of requests per second. There is no default limit. -m mode Specifies the transport mode to use, "udp", "tcp", "dot" or "doh". Default is "udp". -s server_addr Specifies the name or address of the server to which requests will be sent. The default is the loopback address, 127.0.0.1. -S stats_interval If this parameter is specified, a count of the number of answers received per second during the interval will be printed out every stats_interval seconds. -t timeout Specifies the request timeout value, in seconds. dnsperf will no longer wait for a response to a particular request after this many seconds have elapsed. The default is 5 seconds. -T threads Run multiple client threads. By default, dnsperf uses one thread for sending requests and one thread for receiving re- sponses. If this option is specified, dnsperf will instead use N pairs of send/receive threads. -u Instructs dnsperf to send DNS dynamic update messages, rather than queries. The format of the input file is different in this case; see the "Constructing a dynamic update input file" section for more details. This option is mutually exclusive with -B. -v Enables verbose mode. The DNS RCODE of each response will be reported to standard output when the response is received, as will the latency. If a query times out, it will be reported with the special string "T" instead of a normal DNS RCODE. If a query is interrupted, it will be reported with the special string "I". Additional information regarding network readiness and congestion will also be reported. -W Log warnings and errors to standard output instead of standard error making it easier for script, test and automation to cap- ture all output. -x local_port Specifies the local port from which to send requests. The de- fault is the wildcard port (0). If acting as multiple clients and the wildcard port is used, each client will use a different random port. If a port is specified, the clients will use a range of ports starting with the specified one. -y [alg:]name:secret Add a TSIG record [RFC2845] to all packets sent, using the spec- ified TSIG key algorithm, name and secret, where the algorithm defaults to hmac-md5 and the secret is expressed as a base-64 encoded string. Available algorithms are: hmac-md5, hmac-sha1, hmac-sha224, hmac-sha256, hmac-sha384 and hmac-sha512. This op- tion is mutually exclusive with -B. -O option=value Set an extended long option for various things to control dif- ferent aspects of testing or protocol modules, see EXTENDED OP- TIONS for list of available options. EXTENDED OPTIONS doh-uri=URI The URI to use for DNS-over-HTTPS, default value is "https://lo- calhost/dns-query". doh-method=HTTP_METHOD The HTTP method to use when querying with DNS-over-HTTPS, de- fault is GET. Available methods are: GET, POST. tls-sni=SERVER_NAME The Server Name Indication (SNI) to use for TLS connections (such as DNS-over-TLS or DNS-over-HTTPS), defaults to leaving out the SNI extension in the client hello. suppress=MESSAGE[,MESSAGE,...] Suppress various messages and warnings that may be shown exces- sively in some situations, such as socket readiness when con- necting to a slow service. Can suppress multiple types by list- ing them as a comma separated list. Following type are avail- able. timeouts: Suppress messages about queries being timed out congestion: Suppress messages about network congestion sendfailed: Suppress messages about failure to send packets or if only parts of the packet were sent sockready: Suppress messages about socket readiness unexpected: Suppress messages about answers with an unexpected message ID num-queries-per-conn=NUMBER This will limit the number of queries sent over a connection be- fore triggering a re-connection. Once re-connected it will reset the counter and continue sending queries until the limit is reached again, triggering another re-connection and so on. Us- ing this option will also enable counting number of responses received for each connection and once the limit is reached for sending queries it will wait until the same amount of responses has been received before re-connecting. Waiting for responses may timeout and the timeout used for this is the same as speci- fied by -t. Note that this option is only useful for connection oriented protocols. verbose-interval-stats Change the statistics format of -S to that shown at end of run. Please note: Min/max values for latency and connections are not available in interval statistics. Number of answers received within stats_interval can legitimately exceed number of queries sent, depending on answer latency, configured timeout, and stats_interval. Only available in dnsperf. latency-histogram Print detailed latency histograms for DNS answers and connec- tions. Latency is quantized into bins with roughly 3 % resolu- tion, and latency range for individual bins increases logarith- mically. This is done to to limit amount of memory required for histograms and also allows to visualize latency using logarith- mic percentile histograms with minimal postprocessing. Only available in dnsperf and if compile time support was de- tected. qps-threshold-wait=<microseconds> When using -Q to rate limit queries sent, this option control the minimum time (in microseconds) there should be between queries to use nanosleep() to wait until sending the next query. Setting to zero (0) will disable any call to nanosleep() between sending queries. If the time between queries is lower then this, then no wait is performed in order to have more precision on when to send the next query. This is because during high QPS rate limiting it can take more time just calling the functions to wait for when to send the next query then the actually time between queries. If not set, the average call-time to nanosleep() will be mea- sured during startup. Only available in dnsperf. SEE ALSO resperf(1) AUTHOR Nominum, Inc. Maintained by DNS-OARC https://www.dns-oarc.net/ BUGS For issues and feature requests please use: https://github.com/DNS-OARC/dnsperf/issues For question and help please use: admin@dns-oarc.net dnsperf 2.14.0 dnsperf(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | EXTENDED OPTIONS | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR | BUGS
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