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M-ACR(4) Kernel Interfaces Manual M-ACR(4) NAME m-acr - ACR/NEMA medical image format (MedCon) DESCRIPTION We are absolutely lost in standards, versions and ACR/NEMA dialects. Here you can only read how we handle this format. The format is written in one file with extension `.ima'. The format consists of a group of fields with different elements, in a serie of tags. Does that explain you something? The image data is stored from left to right and from top to bottom. The basic defines for the format: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #define MDC_ACR_TAG_SIZE 8 /* size of group+element+length */ typedef struct { Uint16 group; /* the kind of group */ Uint16 element; /* the kind of element */ Uint32 length; /* the length of data */ Uint8 *data; /* pointer to the data */ } MDC_ACR_TAG; --------------------------------------------------------------------------- What does the format support or not support: =========================================================================== Item Supported Not Supported =========================================================================== Color Map : grayscale - File Endian : little & big - Pixeltypes : all integers (signed/unsigned) float & double =========================================================================== Scaling factors : quantify & calibrate factors/image are NOT supported, unless you define your own tags --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dimensions/Image : different dimensions for each image are supported --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pixeltypes/Image : different pixeltypes for each image are supported =========================================================================== An ACR/NEMA file could look like this, in fact it is the kind we write: =========================================================================== GROUP 0x0008 Identifying information =========================================================================== Uint16 Group number : 0x0008 Uint16 Element number : 0x0000 (first element of any group) Uint32 Element length in bytes : (4) Int32 Length of group in bytes : (X) (143) X = [total length of this group] - [total bytes of this first tag (12)] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0008 Uint16 Element number : 0x0001 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (4) Int32 Total bytes to end of file : Y Y = [filesize] - [total bytes of first two tags] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0008 Uint16 Element number : 0x0010 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (12) char * Recognition Code : (ACR-NEMA 2.0) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0008 Uint16 Element number : 0x0020 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (10) char * Study Date : yyyy.mm.dd --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0008 Uint16 Element number : 0x0030 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (14) char * Study Time : hh.mm.ss.frac_ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0008 Uint16 Element number : 0x0040 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (2) Int16 Data Set Type : 0 = Images 256 = Raw data --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0008 Uint16 Element number : 0x0060 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (2) char * Image Modality : (NM) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0008 Uint16 Element number : 0x0070 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (24) char * Manufacturer : (MedCon v?.?? - Erik Nolf) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0008 Uint16 Element number : 0x0080 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (11) char * Institution ID : (NucMed) =========================================================================== GROUP 0x0010 Patient Information =========================================================================== Uint16 Group number : 0x0010 Uint16 Element number : 0x0000 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (4) Int32 Length of group in bytes : (96) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0010 Uint16 Element number : 0x0010 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (35) char * Patient Name : --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0010 Uint16 Element number : 0x0020 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (35) char * Patient ID : --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0010 Uint16 Element number : 0x0040 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (2) char * Patient Sex : M_ = male F_ = female O_ = others =========================================================================== GROUP 0x0018 Acquisition Information =========================================================================== Uint16 Group number : 0x0018 Uint16 Element number : 0x0000 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (4) Int32 Length of group in bytes : (122) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0018 Uint16 Element number : 0x0030 Uint32 Element length in bytes : 32 char * Radionuclide : --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0018 Uint16 Element number : 0x0050 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (13) char * Slice Thickness in mm : (+0.000000e+00) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0018 Uint16 Element number : 0x0088 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (13) char * Slice Spacing in mm : (+0.000000e+00) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0018 Uint16 Element number : 0x1120 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (13) float Gantry Tilt in degrees : (+0.000000e+00) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0018 Uint16 Element number : 0x1160 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (32) char * Filter Type : --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0018 Uint16 Element number : 0x5100 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (32) char * Patient Position : (supine) supine = face-up on the table prone = face-down towards the table other? =========================================================================== GROUP 0x0020 Relationship Information =========================================================================== Uint16 Group number : 0x0020 Uint16 Element number : 0x0000 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (4) Int32 Length of group in bytes : (352) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0020 Uint16 Element number : 0x0010 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (10) char * Study ID : --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0020 Uint16 Element number : 0x0013 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (6) char * Image Number : --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0020 Uint16 Element number : 0x0020 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (32) char * Patient Orientation : (L\P) (direction of image row in patient\direction of image column in patient) 'L' = Left (hand) 'A' = Anterior (to front) 'H' = Head 'R' = Right (hand) 'P' = Posterior (to back) 'F' = Feet --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0020 Uint16 Element number : 0x0030 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (41) char * Image Position in mm : * * * * * * * * * * * * * Gives the 3D equipment based coordinates of the upper left hand corner in the image. Example: (+0.000000e+00\+0.000000e+00\+0.000000e+00) =X-axis =Y-axis =Z-axis "When facing the front of the gantry (equipment device), and with the gantry in a neutral (untilted) position, the x-axis is increasing to the right; the y-axis is increasing down (gravitational attraction); and the z-axis is defined as the line orthogonal to x and y, with increasing values from the front to the back of the gantry." (From a Papyrus 2.3 document: UIN/HCUG 1990, 91) My note: where is its origin? For an ECAT 931 scanner we choose the origin in the right/back/down point of the gantry A ______H |\______\F Looking to the scanner, this is a representation of the R |.|.... | L volume our scanner detects. My origin is in the point we \|_____| can't see ;-) Our images are transversal slices, beginning at the head towards the feet (so patient orientation = L\P) P and the patient position is supine. Therefore, the coordinates of the first pixel in our images is: Image 0: -(PIXEL_X_SIZE*PIXELS_IN_X);-(PIXEL_Y_SIZE*PIXELS_IN_Y);-0 Image 1: -(PIXEL_X_SIZE*PIXELS_IN_X);-(PIXEL_Y_SIZE*PIXELS_IN_Y);-(SLICE_WIDTH*1) Image n: -(PIXEL_X_SIZE*PIXELS_IN_X);-(PIXEL_Y_SIZE*PIXELS_IN_Y);-(SLICE_WIDTH*N) | | image width image height A view of the coordinate system you can see in 0x0020;0x0035. However, it could all be wrong too! By the way, for DICOM it's retired stuff. * * * * * * * * * * * * * --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0020 Uint16 Element number : 0x0032 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (41) char * Image Position (Patient) in mm: * * * * * * * * * * * * * The same as above but know based on the coordinate system of the patient. A DICOM replacement for the above values: "The direction of the axes is defined fully by the patient's orientation. The x-axis is increasing to the left hand side of the patient. The y-axis is increasing to the posterior side of the patient. The z-axis is increasing toward the head of the patient. The patient based coordinate system is a right handed system, i.e. the vector cross product of a unit vector along the positive x-axis and a unit vector along the positive y-axis is equal to a unit vector along the positive z-axis. NOTE: If a patient lies parallel to the ground, face-up on the table, with his feet-to-head direction the same as front-to-back direction of the imaging equipment, the direction of the axes of the patient based coordinate system and equipment based coordinate system in previous versions of the DICOM Standard will coincide" (From the NEMA Standards Publication PS3.3(199X) * * * * * * * * * * * * * --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0020 Uint16 Element number : 0x0032 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (83) char * Image Orientation : * * * * * * * * * * * * * Based on 0x0020;0x0030 these are the direction cosines of a unit vector on the first row and on the first column based on the equipment coordinate system (or our patient coordinate system, because they coincide as we described above). (to back of the scanner) +Z (or head of the patient) \ \ coordinate system \ \_ _ _ _ _ _ _ +X (to right of the scanner) | (or left of the patient) | | | +Y (to the ground) (or back of the patient) * * * * * * * * * * * * * Remember we take transversal slices (Right to Left of patient, Anterior to Posterior) while the patient is supine with head first in gantry. Then the images are in the plane XY and the unit vectors are upper left corner of image (X) + - - - - > (x1,y1,z1 = 1,0,0) | unit vector on row | | (Y) V (x2,y2,z2 = 0,1,0) unit vector on column In this case: a) in point (x1,y1,z1) X direction cosinus = +1 Y direction cosinus = -0 Z direction cosinus = -0 b) in point (x2,y2,z2) X direction cosinus = +0 Y direction cosinus = +1 Z direction cosinus = +0 How about the signs and values? cos(0 or 360) = +1 cos(90) = +0 cos(180) = -1 cos(270) = -0 The angle between an axis and the vector, you determine with a so called "corkscrew-rule": You must turn from THE AXIS towards THE VECTOR (=angle) the same direction so a corkscrew should proceed in the direction of an axis orthogonal on the plane formed by THE AXIS and THE VECTOR. Well, thats what it should be I think. If your images are tilted, it will be a bit harder, isn't it? For the above ECAT 931 acquisition an example value should be: (+1.000000e+00\-0.000000e+00\+0.000000e+00\ +0.000000e+00\+1.000000e+00\-0.000000e+00) Again, this tag is retired for DICOM ... * * * * * * * * * * * * * --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0020 Uint16 Element number : 0x0037 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (83) char * Image Orientation Patient : The same as for tag 0x0020;0x0032 but now considered for the patient coordinate system ... =========================================================================== GROUP 0x0028 Image Presentation =========================================================================== Uint16 Group number : 0x0028 Uint16 Element number : 0x0000 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (4) Int32 Length of group in bytes : (127) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0028 Uint16 Element number : 0x0005 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (2) Int16 Image Dimensions : (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0028 Uint16 Element number : 0x0010 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (2) Int16 Rows : --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0028 Uint16 Element number : 0x0011 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (2) Int16 Columns : --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0028 Uint16 Element number : 0x0030 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (27) char * Pixel Size in mm : (+0.000000e+00\+0.000000e+00) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0028 Uint16 Element number : 0x0060 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (4) char * Compression code : (NONE) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0028 Uint16 Element number : 0x0100 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (2) Int16 Bits Allocated : --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0028 Uint16 Element number : 0x0101 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (2) Int16 Bits per Pixel : --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0028 Uint16 Element number : 0x0102 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (2) Int16 High Bit : --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0028 Uint16 Element number : 0x0103 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (2) Int16 Pixel Representation : 0 = unsigned 1 = signed --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x0028 Uint16 Element number : 0x0200 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (2) Int16 Image Location : (7fe0) =========================================================================== GROUP 0x7fe0 Pixel Information =========================================================================== Uint16 Group number : 0x7fe0 Uint16 Element number : 0x0000 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (4) Int32 Length of group in bytes : Z Z = [imagesize] + 8 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uint16 Group number : 0x7fe0 Uint16 Element number : 0x0010 Uint32 Element length in bytes : (imagesize) Uint8 * Image Data : --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This was an example of an ACR/NEMA file holding one image, as normal ACR/NEMA files do. However, as we are interested in multiple images, we use an ACR/NEMA dialect such as Papyrus. In this case we sequentially concate- nate different ACR/NEMA files into one single large file! NOTES Because of the previous remark, we must notify that in the Element 0x0001 of Group 0x0008, the [filesize] means the filesize in case of this one ACR/NEMA file and NOT the real filesize! For the Group 0x0028, Element 0x0100: `Bits Allocated' We only support a multiple of 8. For the Group 0x0028, Element 0x0102: `High Bit' We only support `High Bit' = [`Bits per Pixel'] - 1, so we only accept images stored in the file endian type. FILES /usr/local/xmedcon/source/m-acr.h The header file. /usr/local/xmedcon/source/m-acr.c The source file. SEE ALSO medcon(1), xmedcon(1), xmedcon-config(1) m-anlz(4), m-gif(4), m-inw(4), m-intf(4), m-ecat(4) medcon(3) AUTHOR (X)MedCon project was originally written by Erik Nolf (eNlf) for the former PET-Centre at Ghent University (Belgium). e-mail: enlf-at-users.sourceforge.net www: http://xmedcon.sourceforge.net M-ACR(4)
NAME | DESCRIPTION | NOTES | FILES | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR
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