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tpm2_duplicate(1) General Commands Manual tpm2_duplicate(1) NAME tpm2_duplicate(1) - Duplicates a loaded object so that it may be used in a different hierarchy. SYNOPSIS tpm2_duplicate [OPTIONS] DESCRIPTION tpm2_duplicate(1) - This tool duplicates a loaded object so that it may be used in a different hierarchy. The new parent key for the duplicate may be on the same or different TPM or TPM_RH_NULL. OPTIONS These options control the key importation process: • -G, --wrapper-algorithm=ALGORITHM: The symmetric algorithm to be used for the inner wrapper if -U is not used. Supports: • aes - AES 128 in CFB mode. • null - none The key algorithm associated with the public parent if -U is used. • -G, --key-algorithm=ALGORITHM: The key algorithm associated with the public parent if -U is used. • -i, --encryptionkey-in=FILE: Specifies the filename of the symmetric key (128 bit data) to be used for the inner wrapper. Valid only when specified symmetric algorithm is not null • -o, --encryptionkey-out=FILE: Specifies the filename to store the symmetric key (128 bit data) that was used for the inner wrapper. Valid only when specified symmetric algorithm is not null and --input-key-file is not specified. The TPM generates the key in this case. • -C, --parent-context=OBJECT: The parent key object. • -U, --parent-public=FILE: Specifies the file path to the public key of the parent object on the destination TPM. This should be a TPM2B_PUBLIC formatted file. This public key is used for the wrapping of a PEM or DER key which will be exported for a remote TPM. • -k, --private-key=FILE: Specifies the file path to the external private key be encrypted for the remote TPM. This should be a PEM format private key. • -r, --private=FILE: Specifies the file path to save the private portion of the duplicated object. # Protection Details Objects that can move outside of TPM need to be protected (confiden- tiality and integrity). For instance, transient objects require that TPM protected data (key or seal material) be stored outside of the TPM. This is seen in tools like tpm2_create(1), where the -r option outputs this protected data. This blob contains the sensitive portions of the object. The sensitive portions of the object are protected by the par- ent object, using the parent's symmetric encryption details to encrypt the sensitive data and HMAC it. In-depth details can be found in sections 23 of: • https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/TPM- Rev-2.0-Part-1-Architecture-01.38.pdf Notably Figure 20, is relevant, even though it's specifically referring to duplication blobs, the process is identical. If the output is from tpm2_duplicate(1), the output will be slightly different, as described fully in section 23. • -u, --public=FILE: Specifies the file path to save the public portion of the duplicated object, if an external key is being duplicated. • -s, --encrypted-seed=FILE: The file to save the encrypted seed of the duplicated object. • -p, --auth=AUTH: The authorization value for the key, optional. • -L, --policy=FILE: The input policy file, optional. • -c, --key-context=OBJECT: The object to be duplicated. • -a, --attributes=ATTRIBUTES: The object attributes, optional. The default for created objects is: TPMA_OBJECT_SIGN_ENCRYPT|TPMA_OBJECT_DECRYPT|TPMA_OBJECT_USERWITHAUTH Note: If a policy is specified without an auth value then TPMA_OB- JECT_USERWITHAUTH is turned down. • --cphash=FILE File path to record the hash of the command parameters. This is com- monly termed as cpHash. NOTE: When this option is selected, The tool will not actually execute the command, it simply returns a cpHash. References Context Object Format The type of a context object, whether it is a handle or file name, is determined according to the following logic in-order: • If the argument is a file path, then the file is loaded as a restored TPM transient object. • If the argument is a prefix match on one of: • owner: the owner hierarchy • platform: the platform hierarchy • endorsement: the endorsement hierarchy • lockout: the lockout control persistent object • If the argument argument can be loaded as a number it will be treat as a handle, e.g. 0x81010013 and used directly._OBJECT_. Authorization Formatting Authorization for use of an object in TPM2.0 can come in 3 different forms: 1. Password 2. HMAC 3. Sessions NOTE: "Authorizations default to the EMPTY PASSWORD when not speci- fied". Passwords Passwords are interpreted in the following forms below using prefix identifiers. Note: By default passwords are assumed to be in the string form when they do not have a prefix. String A string password, specified by prefix "str:" or it's absence (raw string without prefix) is not interpreted, and is directly used for au- thorization. Examples foobar str:foobar Hex-string A hex-string password, specified by prefix "hex:" is converted from a hexidecimal form into a byte array form, thus allowing passwords with non-printable and/or terminal un-friendly characters. Example hex:1122334455667788 File A file based password, specified be prefix "file:" should be the path of a file containing the password to be read by the tool or a "-" to use stdin. Storing passwords in files prevents information leakage, passwords passed as options can be read from the process list or common shell history features. Examples # to use stdin and be prompted file:- # to use a file from a path file:path/to/password/file # to echo a password via stdin: echo foobar | tpm2_tool -p file:- # to use a bash here-string via stdin: tpm2_tool -p file:- <<< foobar Sessions When using a policy session to authorize the use of an object, prefix the option argument with the session keyword. Then indicate a path to a session file that was created with tpm2_startauthsession(1). Option- ally, if the session requires an auth value to be sent with the session handle (eg policy password), then append a + and a string as described in the Passwords section. Examples To use a session context file called session.ctx. session:session.ctx To use a session context file called session.ctx AND send the authvalue mypassword. session:session.ctx+mypassword To use a session context file called session.ctx AND send the HEX auth- value 0x11223344. session:session.ctx+hex:11223344 PCR Authorizations You can satisfy a PCR policy using the "pcr:" prefix and the PCR mini- language. The PCR minilanguage is as follows: <pcr-spec>=<raw-pcr- file> The PCR spec is documented in in the section "PCR bank specifiers". The raw-pcr-file is an optional argument that contains the output of the raw PCR contents as returned by tpm2_pcrread(1). PCR bank specifiers Examples To satisfy a PCR policy of sha256 on banks 0, 1, 2 and 3 use a specifi- er of: pcr:sha256:0,1,2,3 specifying AUTH. Algorithm Specifiers Options that take algorithms support "nice-names". There are two major algorithm specification string classes, simple and complex. Only certain algorithms will be accepted by the TPM, based on usage and conditions. Simple specifiers These are strings with no additional specification data. When creating objects, non-specified portions of an object are assumed to defaults. You can find the list of known "Simple Specifiers" below. Asymmetric • rsa • ecc Symmetric • aes • camellia • sm4 Hashing Algorithms • sha1 • sha256 • sha384 • sha512 • sm3_256 • sha3_256 • sha3_384 • sha3_512 Keyed Hash • hmac • xor Signing Schemes • rsassa • rsapss • ecdsa • ecdaa • ecschnorr • sm2 Asymmetric Encryption Schemes • oaep • rsaes • ecdh Modes • ctr • ofb • cbc • cfb • ecb Misc • null Complex Specifiers Objects, when specified for creation by the TPM, have numerous algo- rithms to populate in the public data. Things like type, scheme and asymmetric details, key size, etc. Below is the general format for specifying this data: <type>:<scheme>:<symmetric-details> Type Specifiers This portion of the complex algorithm specifier is required. The re- maining scheme and symmetric details will default based on the type specified and the type of the object being created. • aes - Default AES: aes128 • aes128<mode> - 128 bit AES with optional mode (ctr|ofb|cbc|cfb|ecb). If mode is not specified, defaults to null. • aes192<mode> - Same as aes128<mode>, except for a 192 bit key size. • aes256<mode> - Same as aes128<mode>, except for a 256 bit key size. • sm4 - Default SM4: sm4128 • sm4128 or sm4_128 <mode> - 128 bit SM4 with optional mode (ctr|ofb|cbc|cfb|ecb). If mode is not specified, defaults to null. • ecc - Elliptical Curve, defaults to ecc256. • ecc192 or ecc_nist_p192 - 192 bit ECC NIST curve • ecc224 or ecc_nist_p224 - 224 bit ECC NIST curve • ecc256 or ecc_nist_p256 - 256 bit ECC NIST curve • ecc384 or ecc_nist_p384 - 384 bit ECC NIST curve • ecc521 or ecc_nist_p521 - 521 bit ECC NIST curve • ecc_sm2 or ecc_sm2_p256 - 256 bit SM2 curve • rsa - Default RSA: rsa2048 • rsa1024 - RSA with 1024 bit keysize. • rsa2048 - RSA with 2048 bit keysize. • rsa3072 - RSA with 3072 bit keysize. • rsa4096 - RSA with 4096 bit keysize. Scheme Specifiers Next, is an optional field, it can be skipped. Schemes are usually Signing Schemes or Asymmetric Encryption Schemes. Most signing schemes take a hash algorithm directly following the sign- ing scheme. If the hash algorithm is missing, it defaults to sha256. Some take no arguments, and some take multiple arguments. Hash Optional Scheme Specifiers These scheme specifiers are followed by a dash and a valid hash algo- rithm, For example: oaep-sha256. • oaep • ecdh • rsassa • rsapss • ecdsa • ecschnorr • sm2 Multiple Option Scheme Specifiers This scheme specifier is followed by a count (max size UINT16) then followed by a dash(-) and a valid hash algorithm. * ecdaa For example, ecdaa4-sha256. If no count is specified, it defaults to 4. No Option Scheme Specifiers This scheme specifier takes NO arguments. * rsaes Symmetric Details Specifiers This field is optional, and defaults based on the type of object being created and it's attributes. Generally, any valid Symmetric specifier from the Type Specifiers list should work. If not specified, an asym- metric objects symmetric details defaults to aes128cfb. Examples Create an rsa2048 key with an rsaes asymmetric encryption scheme tpm2_create -C parent.ctx -G rsa2048:rsaes -u key.pub -r key.priv Create an ecc256 key with an ecdaa signing scheme with a count of 4 and sha384 hash /tpm2_create -C parent.ctx -G ecc256:ecdaa4-sha384 -u key.pub -r key.priv cryptographic algorithms ALGORITHM. COMMON OPTIONS This collection of options are common to many programs and provide in- formation that many users may expect. • -h, --help=[man|no-man]: Display the tools manpage. By default, it attempts to invoke the manpager for the tool, however, on failure will output a short tool summary. This is the same behavior if the "man" option argument is specified, however if explicit "man" is re- quested, the tool will provide errors from man on stderr. If the "no-man" option if specified, or the manpager fails, the short op- tions will be output to stdout. To successfully use the manpages feature requires the manpages to be installed or on MANPATH, See man(1) for more details. • -v, --version: Display version information for this tool, supported tctis and exit. • -V, --verbose: Increase the information that the tool prints to the console during its execution. When using this option the file and line number are printed. • -Q, --quiet: Silence normal tool output to stdout. • -Z, --enable-errata: Enable the application of errata fixups. Useful if an errata fixup needs to be applied to commands sent to the TPM. Defining the environment TPM2TOOLS_ENABLE_ERRATA is equivalent. in- formation many users may expect. TCTI Configuration The TCTI or "Transmission Interface" is the communication mechanism with the TPM. TCTIs can be changed for communication with TPMs across different mediums. To control the TCTI, the tools respect: 1. The command line option -T or --tcti 2. The environment variable: TPM2TOOLS_TCTI. Note: The command line option always overrides the environment vari- able. The current known TCTIs are: • tabrmd - The resource manager, called tabrmd (https://github.com/tpm2-software/tpm2-abrmd). Note that tabrmd and abrmd as a tcti name are synonymous. • mssim - Typically used for communicating to the TPM software simula- tor. • device - Used when talking directly to a TPM device file. • none - Do not initalize a connection with the TPM. Some tools allow for off-tpm options and thus support not using a TCTI. Tools that do not support it will error when attempted to be used without a TCTI connection. Does not support ANY options and MUST BE presented as the exact text of "none". The arguments to either the command line option or the environment variable are in the form: <tcti-name>:<tcti-option-config> Specifying an empty string for either the <tcti-name> or <tcti-option- config> results in the default being used for that portion respective- ly. TCTI Defaults When a TCTI is not specified, the default TCTI is searched for using dlopen(3) semantics. The tools will search for tabrmd, device and mssim TCTIs IN THAT ORDER and USE THE FIRST ONE FOUND. You can query what TCTI will be chosen as the default by using the -v option to print the version information. The "default-tcti" key-value pair will indi- cate which of the aforementioned TCTIs is the default. Custom TCTIs Any TCTI that implements the dynamic TCTI interface can be loaded. The tools internally use dlopen(3), and the raw tcti-name value is used for the lookup. Thus, this could be a path to the shared library, or a li- brary name as understood by dlopen(3) semantics. TCTI OPTIONS This collection of options are used to configure the various known TCTI modules available: • device: For the device TCTI, the TPM character device file for use by the device TCTI can be specified. The default is /dev/tpm0. Example: -T device:/dev/tpm0 or export TPM2TOOLS_TCTI="de- vice:/dev/tpm0" • mssim: For the mssim TCTI, the domain name or IP address and port number used by the simulator can be specified. The default are 127.0.0.1 and 2321. Example: -T mssim:host=localhost,port=2321 or export TPM2TOOLS_TC- TI="mssim:host=localhost,port=2321" • abrmd: For the abrmd TCTI, the configuration string format is a se- ries of simple key value pairs separated by a `,' character. Each key and value string are separated by a `=' character. • TCTI abrmd supports two keys: 1. `bus_name' : The name of the tabrmd service on the bus (a string). 2. `bus_type' : The type of the dbus instance (a string) limited to `session' and `system'. Specify the tabrmd tcti name and a config string of bus_name=com.ex- ample.FooBar: \--tcti=tabrmd:bus_name=com.example.FooBar Specify the default (abrmd) tcti and a config string of bus_type=ses- sion: \--tcti:bus_type=session NOTE: abrmd and tabrmd are synonymous. the various known TCTI mod- ules. EXAMPLES Example-1: Duplicate a key created with a policy that allows for duplica- tion: tpm2_startauthsession -S session.dat tpm2_policycommandcode -S session.dat -L policy.dat TPM2_CC_Duplicate tpm2_flushcontext session.dat tpm2_createprimary -C o -g sha256 -G rsa -c primary.ctxt tpm2_create -C primary.ctxt -g sha256 -G rsa -r key.prv -u key.pub -c key.ctxt \ -L policy.dat -a "sensitivedataorigin|userwithauth|decrypt|sign" tpm2_createprimary -C o -g sha256 -G ecc -c new_parent.ctxt tpm2_startauthsession \--policy-session -S session.dat tpm2_policycommandcode -S session.dat -L policy.dat TPM2_CC_Duplicate tpm2_duplicate -C new_parent.ctxt -c key.ctxt -G null -p "session:session.dat" \ -r duprv.bin -s seed.dat tpm2_flushcontext session.dat Example-2: As an end-to-end example, the following will transfer an RSA key generated on TPM-A to TPM-B On TPM-B Create a parent object that will be used to wrap/transfer the key. tpm2_createprimary -C o -g sha256 -G rsa -c primary.ctx tpm2_create -C primary.ctx -g sha256 -G rsa \ -r new_parent.prv -u new_parent.pub \ -a "restricted|sensitivedataorigin|decrypt|userwithauth" Copy new_parent.pub to TPM-A. On TPM-A Create root object and auth policy allows duplication only tpm2_createprimary -C o -g sha256 -G rsa -c primary.ctx tpm2_startauthsession -S session.dat tpm2_policycommandcode -S session.dat -L dpolicy.dat TPM2_CC_Duplicate tpm2_flushcontext session.dat rm session.dat Generate an RSA keypair on TPM-A that will be duplicated (note the passphrase is `foo') tpm2_create -C primary.ctx -g sha256 -G rsa -p foo -r key.prv \ -u key.pub -L dpolicy.dat -a "sensitivedataorigin|userwithauth|decrypt|sign" tpm2_load -C primary.ctx -r key.prv -u key.pub -c key.ctx tpm2_readpublic -c key.ctx -o dup.pub Test sign and encryption locally (so we can compare later that the same key was transferred). echo "meet me at.." >file.txt tpm2_rsaencrypt -c key.ctx -o data.encrypted file.txt tpm2_sign -c key.ctx -g sha256 -f plain -p foo -o sign.raw file.txt Compare the signature hash (we will use this later to confirm the key was transferred to TPM-B): sha256sum sign.raw a1b4e3fbaa29e6e46d95cff498150b6b8e7d9fd21182622e8f5a3ddde257879e Start an auth session and policy command to allow duplication tpm2_startauthsession --policy-session -S session.dat tpm2_policycommandcode -S session.dat -L dpolicy.dat TPM2_CC_Duplicate Load the new_parent.pub file transferred from TPM-B tpm2_loadexternal -C o -u new_parent.pub -c new_parent.ctx Start the duplication tpm2_duplicate -C new_parent.ctx -c key.ctx -G null \ -p "session:session.dat" -r dup.dpriv -s dup.seed Copy the following files to TPM-B: * dup.pub * dup.dpriv * dup.seed * (optionally data.encrypted just to test decryption) On TPM-B Start an auth,policy session tpm2_startauthsession --policy-session -S session.dat tpm2_policycommandcode -S session.dat -L dpolicy.dat TPM2_CC_Duplicate Load the context we used to transfer tpm2_flushcontext --transient-object tpm2_load -C primary.ctx -u new_parent.pub -r new_parent.prv -c new_parent.ctx Import the duplicated context against the parent we used tpm2_import -C new_parent.ctx -u dup.pub -i dup.dpriv \ -r dup.prv -s dup.seed -L dpolicy.dat Load the duplicated key context tpm2_flushcontext --transient-object tpm2_load -C new_parent.ctx -u dup.pub -r dup.prv -c dup.ctx Test the imported key matches • Sign echo "meet me at.." >file.txt tpm2_sign -c dup.ctx -g sha256 -o sig.rss -p foo file.txt dd if=sig.rss of=sign.raw bs=1 skip=6 count=256 Compare the signature file hash: $ sha256sum sign.raw a1b4e3fbaa29e6e46d95cff498150b6b8e7d9fd21182622e8f5a3ddde257879e • Decryption tpm2_flushcontext --transient-object tpm2_rsadecrypt -p foo -c dup.ctx -o data.ptext data.encrypted # cat data.ptext meet me at.. Example-3: Exporting an OpenSSL RSA key for a remote TPM To securely send an OpenSSL generated RSA key to a remote TPM such that only that remote TPM will be able to load it, and without exposing the private key to the host operating system on the remote machine: • On the destination TPM-B, create a primary context and read its pub- lic key, then send primary.pub to the source machine: tpm2_createprimary -c primary.ctx tpm2_readpublic -c primary.ctx -o primary.pub • On the source machine create the RSA private key and wrap it for the destination TPM's public key. Similar to tpm2_makecredential, this step should not require a TPM. openssl genrsa -out rsa.pem tpm2_duplicate -U primary.pub -G rsa -k rsa.pem -u rsa.pub -r rsa.dpriv -s rsa.seed • Send the rsa.pub, rsa.dpriv and rsa.seed to the destination TPM-B and import the files, which will decrypt them using the primary.ctx to produce rsa.priv, which can then be loaded and used as a TPM key: tpm2_import -C primary.ctx -G rsa -i rsa.dpriv -s rsa.seed -u rsa.pub -r rsa.priv tpm2_load -C primary.ctx -c rsa.ctx -u rsa.pub -r rsa.priv Returns Tools can return any of the following codes: • 0 - Success. • 1 - General non-specific error. • 2 - Options handling error. • 3 - Authentication error. • 4 - TCTI related error. • 5 - Non supported scheme. Applicable to tpm2_testparams. BUGS Github Issues (https://github.com/tpm2-software/tpm2-tools/issues) HELP See the Mailing List (https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listin- fo/tpm2) tpm2-tools tpm2_duplicate(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | Context Object Format | Authorization Formatting | Algorithm Specifiers | COMMON OPTIONS | TCTI Configuration | TCTI OPTIONS | EXAMPLES | Returns | BUGS | HELP
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