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nix(1) General Commands Manual nix(1) Warning This program is experimental <../../development/experimental- features.md#xp-feature-nix-command> and its interface is subject to change. Name nix - a tool for reproducible and declarative configuration management Synopsis nix [option...] subcommand where subcommand is one of the following: Help commands: • nix help <./nix3-help.md> - show help about nix or a particular sub- command • nix help-stores <./nix3-help-stores.md> - show help about store types and their settings Main commands: • nix build <./nix3-build.md> - build a derivation or fetch a store path • nix develop <./nix3-develop.md> - run a bash shell that provides the build environment of a derivation • nix flake <./nix3-flake.md> - manage Nix flakes • nix profile <./nix3-profile.md> - manage Nix profiles • nix run <./nix3-run.md> - run a Nix application • nix search <./nix3-search.md> - search for packages Main commands: • nix repl <./nix3-repl.md> - start an interactive environment for evaluating Nix expressions Infrequently used commands: • nix bundle <./nix3-bundle.md> - bundle an application so that it works outside of the Nix store • nix copy <./nix3-copy.md> - copy paths between Nix stores • nix edit <./nix3-edit.md> - open the Nix expression of a Nix package in $EDITOR • nix eval <./nix3-eval.md> - evaluate a Nix expression • nix fmt <./nix3-fmt.md> - reformat your code in the standard style • nix formatter <./nix3-formatter.md> - build or run the formatter • nix log <./nix3-log.md> - show the build log of the specified pack- ages or paths, if available • nix path-info <./nix3-path-info.md> - query information about store paths • nix registry <./nix3-registry.md> - manage the flake registry • nix why-depends <./nix3-why-depends.md> - show why a package has an- other package in its closure Utility/scripting commands: • nix config <./nix3-config.md> - manipulate the Nix configuration • nix daemon <./nix3-daemon.md> - daemon to perform store operations on behalf of non-root clients • nix derivation <./nix3-derivation.md> - Work with derivations, Nix's notion of a build plan. • nix env <./nix3-env.md> - manipulate the process environment • nix hash <./nix3-hash.md> - compute and convert cryptographic hashes • nix key <./nix3-key.md> - generate and convert Nix signing keys • nix nar <./nix3-nar.md> - create or inspect NAR files • nix print-dev-env <./nix3-print-dev-env.md> - print shell code that can be sourced by bash to reproduce the build environment of a de- rivation • nix realisation <./nix3-realisation.md> - manipulate a Nix realisa- tion • nix store <./nix3-store.md> - manipulate a Nix store Commands for upgrading or troubleshooting your Nix installation: • nix upgrade-nix <./nix3-upgrade-nix.md> - upgrade Nix to the latest stable version Examples • Create a new flake: # nix flake new hello # cd hello • Build the flake in the current directory: # nix build # ./result/bin/hello Hello, world! • Run the flake in the current directory: # nix run Hello, world! • Start a development shell for hacking on this flake: # nix develop # unpackPhase # cd hello-* # configurePhase # buildPhase # ./hello Hello, world! # installPhase # ../outputs/out/bin/hello Hello, world! Description Nix is a tool for building software, configurations and other artifacts in a reproducible and declarative way. For more information, see the Nix homepage <https://nixos.org/> or the Nix manual <https://nix.dev/manual/nix/stable/>. Installables Warning Installables are part of the unstable nix-command experimental feature <../../development/experimental-features.md#xp-feature- nix-command>, and subject to change without notice. Many nix subcommands operate on one or more installables. These are command line arguments that represent something that can be realised in the Nix store. The following types of installable are supported by most commands: • Flake output attribute <#flake-output-attribute> (experimental) • This is the default • Store path <#store-path> • This is assumed if the argument is a Nix store path or a symlink to a Nix store path • Nix file <#nix-file>, optionally qualified by an attribute path • Specified with --file/-f • Nix expression <#nix-expression>, optionally qualified by an at- tribute path • Specified with --expr For most commands, if no installable is specified, . is assumed. That is, Nix will operate on the default flake output attribute of the flake in the current directory. Flake output attribute Warning Flake output attribute installables depend on both the flakes <../../development/experimental-features.md#xp-feature-flakes> and nix-command <../../development/experimental-features.md#xp- feature-nix-command> experimental features, and subject to change without notice. Example: nixpkgs#hello These have the form flakeref[#attrpath], where flakeref is a flake ref- erence <./nix3-flake.md#flake-references> and attrpath is an optional attribute path. For more information on flakes, see the nix flake man- ual page <./nix3-flake.md>. Flake references are most commonly a flake identifier in the flake registry (e.g. nixpkgs), or a raw path (e.g. /path/to/my-flake or . or ../foo), or a full URL (e.g. github:nixos/nixpkgs or path:.) When the flake reference is a raw path (a path without any URL scheme), it is interpreted as a path: or git+file: url in the following way: • If the path is within a Git repository, then the url will be of the form git+file://[GIT_REPO_ROOT]?dir=[RELATIVE_FLAKE_DIR_PATH] where GIT_REPO_ROOT is the path to the root of the git repository, and RELATIVE_FLAKE_DIR_PATH is the path (relative to the directory root) of the closest parent of the given path that contains a flake.nix within the git repository. If no such directory exists, then Nix will error-out. Note that the search will only include files indexed by git. In par- ticular, files which are matched by .gitignore or have never been git add-ed will not be available in the flake. If this is undesir- able, specify path:<directory> explicitly; For example, if /foo/bar is a git repository with the following structure: . baz blah file.txt flake.nix Then /foo/bar/baz/blah will resolve to git+file:///foo/bar?dir=baz • If the supplied path is not a git repository, then the url will have the form path:FLAKE_DIR_PATH where FLAKE_DIR_PATH is the closest parent of the supplied path that contains a flake.nix file (within the same file-system). If no such directory exists, then Nix will error-out. For example, if /foo/bar/flake.nix exists, then /foo/bar/baz/ will resolve to path:/foo/bar If attrpath is omitted, Nix tries some default values; for most subcom- mands, the default is packages.system.default (e.g. pack- ages.x86_64-linux.default), but some subcommands have other defaults. If attrpath is specified, attrpath is interpreted as relative to one or more prefixes; for most subcommands, these are packages.system, legacy- Packages.*system* and the empty prefix. Thus, on x86_64-linux nix build nixpkgs#hello will try to build the attributes pack- ages.x86_64-linux.hello, legacyPackages.x86_64-linux.hello and hello. If attrpath begins with . then no prefixes or defaults are attempted. This allows the form flakeref[#.attrpath], such as github:NixOS/nixp- kgs#.lib.fakeSha256 to avoid a search of packages.*system*.lib.fake- Sha256 Store path Example: /nix/store/v5sv61sszx301i0x6xysaqzla09nksnd-hello-2.10 These are paths inside the Nix store, or symlinks that resolve to a path in the Nix store. A store derivation <../../glossary.md#gloss-store-derivation> is also addressed by store path. Example: /nix/store/p7gp6lxdg32h4ka1q398wd9r2zkbbz2v-hello-2.10.drv If you want to refer to an output path of that store derivation, add the output name preceded by a caret (^). Example: /nix/store/p7gp6lxdg32h4ka1q398wd9r2zkbbz2v-hello-2.10.drv^out All outputs can be referred to at once with the special syntax ^*. Example: /nix/store/p7gp6lxdg32h4ka1q398wd9r2zkbbz2v-hello-2.10.drv^* Nix file Example: --file /path/to/nixpkgs hello When the option -f / --file path [attrpath...] is given, installables are interpreted as the value of the expression in the Nix file at path. If attribute paths are provided, commands will operate on the corre- sponding values accessible at these paths. The Nix expression in that file, or any selected attribute, must evaluate to a derivation. Nix expression Example: --expr 'import <nixpkgs> {}' hello When the option --expr expression [attrpath...] is given, installables are interpreted as the value of the of the Nix expression. If at- tribute paths are provided, commands will operate on the corresponding values accessible at these paths. The Nix expression, or any selected attribute, must evaluate to a derivation. You may need to specify --impure if the expression references impure inputs (such as <nixpkgs>). Derivation output selection Derivations can have multiple outputs, each corresponding to a differ- ent store path. For instance, a package can have a bin output that con- tains programs, and a dev output that provides development artifacts like C/C++ header files. The outputs on which nix commands operate are determined as follows: • You can explicitly specify the desired outputs using the syntax in- stallable^output1,...,outputN that is, a caret followed immediately by a comma-separated list of derivation outputs to select. For in- stallables specified as Flake output attributes <#flake-output- attribute> or Store paths <#store-path>, the output is specified in the same argument: For example, you can obtain the dev and static outputs of the glibc package: # nix build 'nixpkgs#glibc^dev,static' # ls ./result-dev/include/ ./result-static/lib/ and likewise, using a store path to a "drv" file to specify the derivation: # nix build '/nix/store/gzaflydcr6sb3567hap9q6srzx8ggdgg-glibc-2.33-78.drv^dev,static' For --expr and -f/--file, the derivation output is specified as part of the attribute path: $ nix build -f '<nixpkgs>' 'glibc^dev,static' $ nix build --impure --expr 'import <nixpkgs> { }' 'glibc^dev,static' This syntax is the same even if the actual attribute path is empty: $ nix build --impure --expr 'let pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { }; in pkgs.glibc' '^dev,static' • You can also specify that all outputs should be used using the syn- tax installable^*. For example, the following shows the size of all outputs of the glibc package in the binary cache: # nix path-info --closure-size --eval-store auto --store https://cache.nixos.org 'nixpkgs#glibc^*' /nix/store/g02b1lpbddhymmcjb923kf0l7s9nww58-glibc-2.33-123 33208200 /nix/store/851dp95qqiisjifi639r0zzg5l465ny4-glibc-2.33-123-bin 36142896 /nix/store/kdgs3q6r7xdff1p7a9hnjr43xw2404z7-glibc-2.33-123-debug 155787312 /nix/store/n4xa8h6pbmqmwnq0mmsz08l38abb06zc-glibc-2.33-123-static 42488328 /nix/store/q6580lr01jpcsqs4r5arlh4ki2c1m9rv-glibc-2.33-123-dev 44200560 and likewise, using a store path to a "drv" file to specify the derivation: # nix path-info --closure-size '/nix/store/gzaflydcr6sb3567hap9q6srzx8ggdgg-glibc-2.33-78.drv^*' • If you didn't specify the desired outputs, but the derivation has an attribute meta.outputsToInstall, Nix will use those outputs. For ex- ample, since the package nixpkgs#libxml2 has this attribute: # nix eval 'nixpkgs#libxml2.meta.outputsToInstall' [ "bin" "man" ] a command like nix shell nixpkgs#libxml2 will provide only those two outputs by default. Note that a store derivation <given> doesn't have any attributes like meta, and thus this case doesn't apply to it. • Otherwise, Nix will use all outputs of the derivation. Nix stores Most nix subcommands operate on a Nix store. The various store types are documented in the Store Types <../../store/types/index.md> section of the manual. The same information is also available from the nix help-stores <./nix3-help-stores.md> command. Shebang interpreter The nix command can be used as a #! interpreter. Arguments to Nix can be passed on subsequent lines in the script. Verbatim strings may be passed in double backtick (``) quotes. Se- quences of n backticks of 3 or longer are parsed as n-1 literal back- ticks. A single space before the closing `` is ignored if present. --file and --expr resolve relative paths based on the script location. Examples: #!/usr/bin/env nix #! nix shell --file ``<nixpkgs>`` hello cowsay --command bash hello | cowsay or with flakes: #!/usr/bin/env nix #! nix shell nixpkgs#bash nixpkgs#hello nixpkgs#cowsay --command bash hello | cowsay or with an expression: #! /usr/bin/env nix #! nix shell --impure --expr `` #! nix with (import (builtins.getFlake "nixpkgs") {}); #! nix terraform.withPlugins (plugins: [ plugins.openstack ]) #! nix `` #! nix --command bash terraform "$@" or with cascading interpreters. Note that the #! nix lines don't need to follow after the first line, to accommodate other interpreters. #!/usr/bin/env nix //! ```cargo //! [dependencies] //! time = "0.1.25" //! ``` /* #!nix shell nixpkgs#rustc nixpkgs#rust-script nixpkgs#cargo --command rust-script */ fn main() { for argument in std::env::args().skip(1) { println!("{}", argument); }; println!("{}", std::env::var("HOME").expect("")); println!("{}", time::now().rfc822z()); } // vim: ft=rust Options Logging-related options • --debug <#opt-debug> Set the logging verbosity level to `debug'. • --log-format <#opt-log-format> format Set the format of log output; one of raw, internal-json, bar or bar- with-logs. • --print-build-logs <#opt-print-build-logs> / -L Print full build logs on standard error. • --quiet <#opt-quiet> Decrease the logging verbosity level. • --verbose <#opt-verbose> / -v Increase the logging verbosity level. Miscellaneous global options • --help <#opt-help> Show usage information. • --offline <#opt-offline> Disable substituters and consider all previously downloaded files up-to-date. • --option <#opt-option> name value Set the Nix configuration setting name to value (overriding nix.conf). • --refresh <#opt-refresh> Consider all previously downloaded files out-of-date. • --version <#opt-version> Show version information. Note See man nix.conf <../../command-ref/conf-file.md#command-line-flags> for overriding configuration settings with command line flags. nix(1)
Name | Synopsis | Examples | Description | Installables | Nix stores | Shebang interpreter | Options
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