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std::basic_ios::fail(3)	      C++ Standard Libary      std::basic_ios::fail(3)

NAME
       std::basic_ios::fail - std::basic_ios::fail

Synopsis
	  bool fail() const;

	  Returns  true	 if  an	 error	has occurred on	the associated stream.
       Specifically,
	  returns true if badbit or failbit is set in rdstate().

	  See ios_base::iostate	for the	list of	conditions that	set failbit or
       badbit.

Parameters
	  (none)

Return value
	  true if an error has occurred, false otherwise.

Example
       // Run this code

	#include <iostream>
	#include <fstream>
	#include <cstdlib>
	int main()
	{
	    std::ifstream file("test.txt");
	    if(!file)  // operator! is used here
	    {
		std::cout << "File opening failed\n";
		return EXIT_FAILURE;
	    }

	    // typical C++ I/O loop uses the return value of the I/O function
	    // as the loop controlling condition, operator bool() is used here
	    for(int n; file >> n; ) {
	       std::cout << n << ' ';
	    }
	    std::cout << '\n';

	    if (file.bad())
		std::cout << "I/O error	while reading\n";
	    else if (file.eof())
		std::cout << "End of file reached successfully\n";
	    else if (file.fail())
		std::cout << "Non-integer data encountered\n";
	}

See also
	  The following	table shows the	value of basic_ios accessors  (good(),
       fail(), etc.)
	  for all possible combinations	of ios_base::iostate flags:

	       ios_base::iostate flags basic_ios accessors
	       eofbit  failbit	badbit good() fail() bad() eof() operator bool
       operator!
	       false	 false	    false   true    false   false  false  true
       false
	       false	false	  true	  false	  true	  true	 false	 false
       true
	       false	 true	   false   false   true	   false  false	 false
       true
	       false	true	  true	  false	  true	  true	 false	 false
       true
	       true	 false	    false   false   false   false  true	  true
       false
	       true	false	  true	  false	  true	  true	 true	 false
       true
	       true	 true	   false   false   true	   false  true	 false
       true
	       true	true	  true	  false	  true	  true	 true	 false
       true

	  ferror checks	for a file error
		 (function)

http://cppreference.com		  2022.07.31	       std::basic_ios::fail(3)

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