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CPROTO(1) User commands CPROTO(1) NAME cproto - generate C function prototypes and convert function defini- tions SYNOPSIS cproto [ option ... ] [ file ... ] DESCRIPTION Extracting Cproto generates function prototypes for functions defined in the spec- ified C source files to the standard output. The function definitions may be in the old style or ANSI C style. Optionally, cproto also out- puts declarations for variables defined in the files. If no file argu- ment is given, cproto reads its input from the standard input. Converting ANSI C Cproto can convert function definitions in simple source files from the old style to the ANSI C style (see BUGS for limitations). The original source files along with files specified by #include "file" directives appearing in the source code will be overwritten with the converted code. If no file names are given on the command line, then the program reads the source code from the standard input and outputs the converted source to the standard output. If any comments appear in the parameter declarations for a function de- finition, such as in the example, main (argc, argv) int argc; /* number of arguments */ char *argv[]; /* arguments */ { } then the converted function definition will have the form int main ( int argc, /* number of arguments */ char *argv[] /* arguments */ ) { } Otherwise, the converted function definition will look like int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { } Converting K&R C Cproto can convert function definitions from the ANSI style to the old K&R style. In this mode, the program also converts function declara- tors and prototypes that appear outside function bodies. This is not a complete ANSI C to old C conversion. The program does not change any- thing within function bodies. Lint-libraries Cproto can optionally generate source in lint-library format. This is useful in environments where the lint utility is used to supplement prototype checking of your program. OPTIONS -a Convert function definitions from the old style to the ANSI C style. -B directive Set the conditional compilation directive to output at the be- ginning of function definitions generated by the -b option. The default is #ifdef ANSI_FUNC -b Rewrite function definition heads to include both old style and new style declarations separated by a conditional compilation directive. For example, the program can generate this function definition: #ifdef ANSI_FUNC int main (int argc, char *argv[]) #else int main (argc, argv) int argc; char *argv[] #endif { } -C template Set the output format for function definitions with parameter comments. The -F and -P options allow setting the format for prototypes and function definitions. The format is specified by a template in the form " int f ( a, b )" but you may replace each space in this string with any number of whitespace characters. For example, the option -F"int f(\n\ta,\n\tb\n\t)" will produce int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) -c The parameter comments in the prototypes generated by the -f1 and -f2 options are omitted by default. Use this option to en- able the output of these comments. -D name[=value] This option is passed through to the preprocessor and is used to define symbols for use with conditionals such as #ifdef. -d Omit the definition of the prototype macro used by the -m op- tion. -E cpp Pipe the input files through the specified C preprocessor com- mand when generating prototypes. By default, the program uses "cpp" via a pipe. -E 0 Do not run the C preprocessor. -e Output the keyword extern in front of every generated prototype or declaration that has global scope. -F template Set the output format for function definitions as in the "-C" option. -f n Set the style of generated function prototypes where n is a num- ber from 0 to 3. For example, consider the function definition main (argc, argv) int argc; char *argv[]; { } If the value is 0, then no prototypes are generated. When set to 1, the output is: int main(/*int argc, char *argv[]*/); For a value of 2, the output has the form: int main(int /*argc*/, char */*argv*/[]); The default value is 3. It produces the full function proto- type: int main(int argc, char *argv[]); -I directory This option is passed through to the preprocessor and is used to specify a directory to search for files that are referenced with #include. -i By default, cproto only generates declarations for functions and variables having global scope. This option will output inline declarations as well. -l Generate text for a lint-library (overrides the "-f" option). The output includes the comment /* LINTLIBRARY */ Special comments LINT_EXTERN and LINT_PREPRO (a la "VARARGS") respectively turn on the "-x" option and copy comment-text to the output (for preprocessing in lint). Use the comment /* LINT_EXTERN2 */ to include externs defined in the first level of include-files. Use the comment /* LINT_SHADOWED */ to cause cproto to put "#undef" directives before each lint li- brary declaration (i.e., to avoid conflicts with macros that happen to have to have the same name as the functions, thus causing syntax errors). Note that these special comments are not supported under VAX/VMS, since there is no equivalent for the "-C" option of the C preprocessor with VAX-C. -M name Set the name of the macro used to surround prototype parameter lists when option -m is selected. The default is "P_". -m Put a macro around the parameter list of every generated proto- type. For example: int main P_((int argc, char *argv[])); -N name Rather than filling in "void" for functions without parameters, use the given name. -n Rather than filling in "void" for functions without parameters, use a comment "/*empty*/". -O file Specify the name of the error file (default: standard error). -o file Specify the name of the output file (default: standard output). -P template Set the output format for generated prototypes as in the "-C" option. -p Disable promotion of formal parameters in old style function de- finitions. By default, parameters of type char or short in old style function definitions are promoted to type int in the func- tion prototype or converted ANSI C function definition. Parame- ters of type float get promoted to double as well. -q Do not output any error messages when the program cannot read the file specified in an #include directive. -S Output only static declarations. -s By default, cproto only generates declarations for functions and variables having global scope. This option will output static declarations as well. -T Copy type definitions from each file. (Definitions in in- cluded-files are copied, unlike the "-l" option). -t Convert function definitions from the ANSI C style to the tradi- tional style. -U name This option is passed through to the preprocessor and is used to remove any definitions of this symbol. -V Print version information. -v Also output declarations for variables defined in the source. -X level This option limits the include-file level from which declara- tions are extracted by examining the preprocessor output. -x This option causes procedures and variables which are declared "extern" to be included in the output. ENVIRONMENT The environment variable CPROTO is scanned for a list of options in the same format as the command line options. Options given on the command line override any corresponding environment option. BUGS If an un-tagged struct, union or enum declaration appears in a gener- ated function prototype or converted function definition, the content of the declaration between the braces is empty. The program does not pipe the source files through the C preprocessor when it is converting function definitions (i.e., options -a, -b, -t). That is because cproto does the conversion by replacing strings, rather than by converting to/from lexical tokens. Instead of using the C pre- processor, cproto tries to handle preprocessor directives and macros itself, to find type definitions. There are several limitations as a result: • the search-path for included files contains only "/usr/include" and the directories listed by "-I" options. • conditional directives (e.g., "#if") are ignored. • only macros without parameters are handled. • some comments in the function definition head are discarded. The -v option does not generate declarations for variables defined with the extern specifier. This does not strictly conform to the C language standard but this rule was implemented because include files commonly declare variables this way. When the program encounters an error, it usually outputs the not very descriptive message "syntax error". (Your configuration may allow the extended error reporting in yyerror.c). Options that take string arguments only interpret the following charac- ter escape sequences: \n newline \s space \t tab VARARGS comments are not passed through on systems whose C preproces- sors do not support this (e.g., VAX/VMS, MS-DOS). AUTHORS Chin Huang cthuang@vex.net cthuang@interlog.com Thomas E. Dickey dickey@invisible-island.net modifications to support lint library, type-copying, and port to VAX/VMS. SEE ALSO cc(1), cpp(1) Version 4.7y 2025-09-01 CPROTO(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | ENVIRONMENT | BUGS | AUTHORS | SEE ALSO
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