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kefir(1) General Commands Manual kefir(1) NAME kefir -- C17/C23 language compiler SYNOPSIS kefir [options] files... [-run [args...]] DESCRIPTION kefir command-line options follow c99(1) compiler interface, extending it with some of supported gcc(1) flags and flags for special kefir fea- tures. Unknown command-line flags are ignored with a warning printed for each such flag passed to the compiler. kefir compiler driver fea- tures multiple operation modes. Command-line flags are parsed in left- to-right order with later flags overriding earlier. Some of operation modes, once selected, prevent further parsing and immediately invoke selected mode (refer to "OPTIONS" section for details). OPTIONS The following options terminate command-line argument parsing: -h | --help Print help text -v | --version Print compiler version --compiler-info Print compiler information --environment-info Print compiler environment information (see "ENVIRONMENT" sec- tion below) --environment-header Print compiler environment header file (based on "ENVIRONMENT" section and current target) -verbose Report commands executed by the driver verbosely If passed, -cc1 argument invokes kefir-cc1 compiler directly, skipping the driver. The argument shall always be passed first to take an ef- fect. The rest of command-line options are parsed normally: -c Skip the link-edit phase of the compilation, save object files -S Skip assembling phase of the compilation, save assembly files -E Preprocess C-language source files, print results to standard output -P Preprocess C-language source files, print results to standard output -std= standard Determine language standard. For C23, supported values are: c23, c2x, gnu23, gnu2x, iso9899:2024. For C17 [default], any other value not explicitly listed for C23. -x -language Specify processing for the next input files. Supported values: none [default], c, c-header, cpp-output, assembler, assembler- with-cpp. -preprocess-save Preprocess C-language source files, save results -o file Save results to the output file --target specification Generate code for specified target system (see "TARGET" section below) -O level Code optimization level (default is 0). All non-zero levels are equivalent to 1. All non-numerical levels (such as -Os) are also equivalent to 1. -fpreprocessed Skip preprocessor directive processing and macro expansion. Preprocessor skips over any directive except for line direc- tive, and acts solely as tokenizer. --preprocessor-linemarkers Include linemarkers into preprocessor output [default: off]. Likemarker content slightly differs from gcc, which might break some builds. Enable with care. -funsigned-char Let the type char be unsigned. By default, it is target-spe- cific. -fsigned-char Let the type char be signed. By default, it is target-specific. -fcommon Place tentative definitions into common section (equivalent to common attribute applied to all variables). -fvisibility=default|internal|hidden|protected Set visibility for symbols in the program, unless overriden by particular symbol attribute. -fno-common Do not place tentative definitions into common section [de- fault]. -D name[=value] Define preprocessor macro -U name Undefine predefined preprocessor macro -I directory Add directory to preprocessor include path -isystem directory Add directory to preprocessor system include path -iquote directory Add directory to preprocessor include path for quoted includes exclusively (processed before -I ). -idirafter directory Add directory to preprocessor system include path (after pro- cessing other system include directories) --embed-dir= directory Add directory to preprocessor embed search path -M Output a make rule describing the dependencies of source file (including the dependencies from system path) -MM Output a make rule describing the dependencies of source file (excluding the dependencies from system path and their transi- tive includes) -MD Output a make rule describing the dependencies of source file (including the dependencies from system path), while also run- ning normal compilation pipeline. -MMD Output a make rule describing the dependencies of source file (excluding the dependencies from system path and their transi- tive includes), while also running normal compilation pipeline. -MP Output a phony target for each depenendency of source file -MT target Override the default target name of make rule produced by de- pendency generation -MF filename Override the default output file for make rule produced by de- pendency generation. -include file Include file during preprocessing phase -s Strip linked executable -r Retain relocations in linked executable -e entry Override entry point of linked executable -u symbol Add undefined symbol to linked executable -l library Link library -L directory Add directory to linker library search path -rpath directory Add directory to runtime library search path -soname name Pass -soname option to the linker -pthread Define macros and link pthread library -rdynamic Pass --export-dynamic option to the linker -static Produce a statically linked executable -shared Produce a shared object -fPIC | -fpic Produce position-independent code [default] -fno-pic Do not produce position-independent code [default] -pie Produce position-independent executable (requires -fPIC flag) -no-pie Do not produce position-independent executable [default] -masm=ASSEMBLER Produce code for the following assembler: [x86_64-gas-intel, x86_64-gas-intel_prefix, x86_64-gas-att (default), x86_64-yasm, intel (alias for x86_64-gas-intel), att (alias for x86_64-gas- att)]. Also affects assembler flags. Note that KEFIR_AS or AS envinronment variable shall be point to the respective assem- bler executable. -fomit-frame-pointer Omit frame pointer in leaf functions that do not need it [de- fault on optimization levels > 0] -fno-omit-frame-pointer Always use frame pointer in all functions [default on optimiza- tion level 0] -g | -ggdb Produce debug information [default: off] -g[level] | -ggdb[level] Produce debug information if level is greater than 0 [default: off] -nostartfiles Do not link start files -nodefaultlibs Do not link default libraries -nolibc Do not link libc -nostdlib Do not link start files and default libraries -nostdinc Do not add standard library to include path -nortinc Do not add runtime includes to include path --enable-atomics Enables atomic support. Implies --Wdeclare-atomic-support op- tion and links appropriate atomic primitives library (li- batomic/libcompiler_rt) where necessary. --disable-atomics Disables atomic support. Implies --Wno-declare-atomic-support option. -Wp,option Pass "option" to preprocessing phase as command line option. If option contains commas, it is split into multiple options -Xpreprocessor option Pass "option" to preprocessing phase as command line option -Wc,option Pass "option" to compiling phase as command line option. If op- tion contains commas, it is split into multiple options -Wa,option Pass "option" to assembler phase as command line option. If op- tion contains commas, it is split into multiple options -Xassembler option Pass "option" to assembler phase as command line option. -Wl,option Pass "option" to linking phase as command line option. If op- tion contains commas, it is split into multiple options -z -keyword Pass "-z keyword" to linking phase as command line options. -Xlinker option Pass "option" to linking phase as command line option -Woption Pass "--option" to compiling phase as command line option -W option Pass "option" to compiling phase as command line option --restrictive-c Enable restrictive compiling mode with C extensions disabled --permissive-c Enable permissive compiling mode with C extensions enabled [de- fault] --print-tokens Print tokenized source in JSON format --print-ast Print AST in JSON format --print-ir Print intermediate representation in JSON format --print-opt Print optimization representation in JSON format -run [file args...] Run the linked executable with the rest of command line argu- ments. If no input file was specified, the first argument is treated as input file. -runarg arg Pass an argument to the runned process (shall precede -run flag) -run-stdin file Redirect runned process stdin from file (shall precede -run flag) -run-stdout file Redirect runned process stdout to file (shall precede -run flag) -run-stderr file Redirect runned process stderr to file (shall precede -run flag) -run-stderr2out Redirect runned process stderr to stdout (shall precede -run flag) COMPILER OPTIONS Extra compiler options available via -W switch: --c17-standard Use C17 language language standard. --c23-standard Use C23 language language standard. --pp-timestamp timestamp Override preprocessor timestamp --json-errors Print errors in JSON format to stderr --tabular-errors Print errors in tabular format to stderr --target-profile profile Generate code for specified target (see "TARGET" subsection) --source-id identifier Force use provided source file identifier --extension-lib libpath Load extension library --system-include-dir dir Add directory to include search path and mark it as a system include path (used for dependency output) --embed-dir directory Add directory to preprocessor embed search path --debug-info Include debug information into produced output --optimizer-max-inline-depth depth Maximum depth of function inlining (5 by default). --optimizer-max-inlines-per-func inlines Maximum number of inlined functions (10 by default). --enable-lowering Perform target-specific SSA lowering (mandatory for bit-precise integer support) [default] --disable-lowering Skip target-specific SSA lowering. --preprocessor-assembly-mode Enable assembly preprocessing mode (default for .S files). In this mode, leading '$' characters are not treated as identifier part. --preprocessor-normal-mode Disable assembly preprocessing mode (default). --feature-[name] Enable compiler feature (see "FEATURES" subsection) --no-feature-[name] Disable compiler feature (see "FEATURES" subsection) --internal-[flag] Enable compiler internal flag (see "INTERNALS" subsection) --no-internal-[flag] Disable compiler internal flag (see "INTERNALS" subsection) --codegen-[option] Enable option for code generator (see "CODEGEN" subsection) --no-codegen-[option] Disable option for code generator (see "CODEGEN" subsection) --optimizer-pipeline spec Optimizer pipeline specification (see "OPTIMIZER" subsection) --precise-bitfield-load-store Load and store bitfields at byte boundaries [default: on]. Provides extra correctness for structures allocated close to a boundary with unmapped memory pages at the expense of less ef- ficient bitfield handling. Does not change bitfield layout. --no-precise-bitfield-load-store Load and store bitfields at machine word boundaries [default: off]. May cause failures for structures allocated close to boundaries with unmapped memory pages. Does not change bitfield layout. --declare-atomic-support Declare support of atomics (might require explicit linking of software atomic library such as libatomic or libcompiler_rt). --no-declare-atomic-support Declare the absence of atomic support via defining __STDC_NO_ATOMICS__ macro. --optimize-stack-frame Optimize stack frame layout by reusing space for variables for disjoint lifetimes. Might increase compilation time and memory use on very large functions. [default: on]. --no-optimize-stack-frame Do not optimize stack frame layout and allocate each variable separately. --unsigned-char Let the type char be unsigned. By default, it is target-spe- cific. --signed-char Let the type char be signed. By default, it is target-specific. --codegen-tentative-common Place tentative definitions into common section (equivalent to common attribute applied to all variables). --codegen-tentative-no-common Do not place tentative definitions into common section [de- fault]. --codegen-visibility-default Keep default visibility for all symbols [default]. --codegen-visibility-hidden Make all symbols hidden unless an attribute specifies other- wise. --codegen-visibility-protected Make all symbols protected unless an attribute specifies other- wise. --codegen-visibility-internal Make all symbols internal unless an attribute specifies other- wise. FEATURES Supported features (to be used with --Wfeature-[feature-name] and --Wno-feature-[feature-name] flags): fail-on-attributes Fail if __attribute__((...)) is encountered [default: off] missing-function-return-type Permit function definitions with missing return type [default: on] designated-init-colons Permit "fieldname:" syntax in designated initializers [default: on] labels-as-values Permit label-addressing with && operator [default: on] non-strict-qualifiers Disable strict qualifier checks for pointers [default: on] signed-enums Force all enums to have signed integral type [default: off] implicit-function-decl Permit implicit funciton declarations at use-site [default: on] empty-structs Permit empty structure/union definitions [default: on] ext-pointer-arithmetics Permit pointer arithmetics with function and void pointers [de- fault: on] missing-braces-subobj Permit missing braces for subobject initialization with scalar [default: on] statement-expressions Enable statement expressions [default: on] omitted-conditional-operand Permit omission of the middle ternary expression operand [de- fault: on] int-to-pointer Permit any integral type conversion to pointer [default: on] permissive-pointer-conv Permit conversions between any pointer types [default: on] named-macro-vararg Permit named macro variable arguments [default: on] include-next Permit include_next preprocessor directive [default: on] fail-on-assembly Disable support of inline assembly [default: off] va-args-comma-concat Enable special processing for ", ##__VA_ARGS" case in pre- processor [default: on] switch-case-ranges Enable support for ranges in switch cases [default: on] designator-subscript-ranges Enable support for ranges in designator subscripts [default: on] CODEGEN Supported code geneator options (to be used with --Wcodegen-[option] and --Wno-codegen-[option] flags): emulated-tls Use emulated TLS [disabled by default, enabled on openbsd plat- form] tls-common Generate common section for thread-local storage if respective attribute is on [enabled for linux and netbsd] pic Generate position-independent code omit-frame-pointer Omit frame pointer in leaf function that do not need it valgrind-compatible-x87 Replace x87 opcodes not supported by Valgrind by more expensive alternatives [default: on] syntax=SYNTAX Produce assembly output with specified syntax [x86_64-intel_no- prefix, x86_64-intel_prefix, x86_64-att (default), x86_64-yasm]. details=DETAILS-SPEC Augment assembly output with internal code generator details in comments. DETAILS-SPEC can be: vasm (virtual assembly), vasm+regs (virtual assembly and register allocations), devasm (devirtualized assembly). pipeline=PIPELINE-SPEC Code generator transformation pipeline specification consists of comma separated names of pipeline passes: noop No-operation pass amd64-drop-virtual Non-functional virtual instruction elimination for amd64 targets amd64-peephole Peephole optimizations for amd64 targets OPTIMIZER Optimizer pipeline specification consists of comma separated names of pipeline passes: noop No-operation pass phi-propagate Wherever possible, substitue phi nodes of SSA representation by actual references mem2reg Pull function local variables into registers op-simplify General code simplification constant-fold Folding constant expressions gvn Global value numering pass to eliminate redundant arithmetic and bitwise operations local-alloc-sink Moving local variable allocations closer to their actual uses (does not affect effective variable lifetimes). dead-code-elimination Eliminating dead code, blocks and phi links. block-merge Remove unnecessary jump instructions and merge respective blocks. dead-alloc Remove dead local variable allocations. inline-func Perform function inlining. tail-call Perform tail call optimization. lowering Perform target-specific lowering of the SSA representation. Mandatory for bit-precise integer support. TARGET Target platforms are specified in format [<backend>-]<platform>[-<vari- ant>] where backend opt [default] platform <arch>-<os> | host [default] arch x86_64 | hostcpu [default] platform linux | freebsd | openbsd | netbsd | hostos [default] variant none | musl | gnu | system | default Backend and variant are optional parts of the target specification. Variant "none" avoids any implicit library linkages and include path. On linux, "default" is equivalent to "gnu", on other platforms -- to "system". ENVIRONMENT Environment variables that affect kefir operation: KEFIR_AS | AS Override the default "as" assembler KEFIR_LD | LD Override the default "ld" linker KEFIR_RTINC Specify kefir runtime include location. Mandatory for all plat- form variants except "*-none" KEFIR_MUSL_INCLUDE Specify musl include paths (separated by ';'). Mandatory for "linux-musl" platform variant KEFIR_MUSL_LIB Specify musl library paths (separated by ';'). Mandatory for "linux-musl" platform variant KEFIR_MUSL_DYNAMIC_LINKER Specify dynamic linker path. Optional for "linux-musl" platform variant KEFIR_GNU_INCLUDE Specify GNU include paths (separated by ';'). Mandatory for "linux-gnu" platform variant KEFIR_GNU_LIB Specify GNU library paths (separated by ';'). Mandatory for "linux-gnu" platform variant KEFIR_GNU_DYNAMIC_LINKER Specify dynamic linker path. Optional for "linux-gnu" platform variant KEFIR_FREEBSD_INCLUDE Specify FreeBSD include paths (separated by ';'). Mandatory for "freebsd-system" platform variant KEFIR_FREEBSD_LIB Specify FreeBSD library paths (separated by ';'). Mandatory for "freebsd-system" platform variant KEFIR_FREEBSD_DYNAMIC_LINKER Specify dynamic linker path. Optional for "freebsd-system" platform variant KEFIR_OPENBSD_INCLUDE Specify OpenBSD include paths (separated by ';'). Mandatory for "openbsd-system" platform variant KEFIR_OPENBSD_LIB Specify OpenBSD library paths (separated by ';'). Mandatory for "openbsd-system" platform variant KEFIR_OPENBSD_DYNAMIC_LINKER Specify dynamic linker path. Optional for "openbsd-system" platform variant KEFIR_TMPDIR Override kefir temporary directory KEFIR_DRIVER_CLI_QUIET Assign "yes" (without quotes) to suppress warnings related to unknown command line options. SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH Override preprocessor timestamp to specified value. Expects Unix epoch timestamp. EXIT STATUS Normally kefir exits with 0 exit code. In case of any errors in any of compilation stages, all further compilation is aborted and non-zero exit code returned. STANDARDS kefir implements C17 language standard as specified in its final draft, and C23 language stadard (except _Decimal support) as specified in the first draft of C2Y. NOTES The kefir compiler is licensed under the terms of GNU GPLv3 license. Runtime code provided along with kefir is licensed under the terms of BSD-3-Clause license. kefir is developed and maintained by Jevgenij Protopopov (legally: Jevgenijs Protopopovs) Please report bugs found in kefir to jevgenij@protopopov.lv kefir is available online at https://sr.ht/~jprotopopov/kefir/ with read-only mirrors at https://git.protopopov.lv/kefir and https://codeberg.org/jprotopopov/kefir FreeBSD ports 15.quarterly September 2025 kefir(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | ENVIRONMENT | EXIT STATUS | STANDARDS | NOTES
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