CLANG(1) Clang CLANG(1) NAME clang - the Clang C, C++, and Objective-C compiler SYNOPSIS clang [options] filename ... DESCRIPTION clang is a C, C++, and Objective-C compiler which encompasses preprocess- ing, parsing, optimization, code generation, assembly, and linking. De- pending on which high-level mode setting is passed, Clang will stop before doing a full link. While Clang is highly integrated, it is important to understand the stages of compilation, to understand how to invoke it. These stages are: Driver The clang executable is actually a small driver which controls the overall execution of other tools such as the compiler, assembler and linker. Typically you do not need to interact with the driver, but you transparently use it to run the other tools. Preprocessing This stage handles tokenization of the input source file, macro ex- pansion, #include expansion and handling of other preprocessor di- rectives. The output of this stage is typically called a ".i" (for C), ".ii" (for C++), ".mi" (for Objective-C), or ".mii" (for Objec- tive-C++) file. Parsing and Semantic Analysis This stage parses the input file, translating preprocessor tokens into a parse tree. Once in the form of a parse tree, it applies se- mantic analysis to compute types for expressions as well and deter- mine whether the code is well formed. This stage is responsible for generating most of the compiler warnings as well as parse errors. The output of this stage is an "Abstract Syntax Tree" (AST). Code Generation and Optimization This stage translates an AST into low-level intermediate code (known as "LLVM IR") and ultimately to machine code. This phase is respon- sible for optimizing the generated code and handling target-specific code generation. The output of this stage is typically called a ".s" file or "assembly" file. Clang also supports the use of an integrated assembler, in which the code generator produces object files directly. This avoids the over- head of generating the ".s" file and of calling the target assem- bler. Assembler This stage runs the target assembler to translate the output of the compiler into a target object file. The output of this stage is typ- ically called a ".o" file or "object" file. Linker This stage runs the target linker to merge multiple object files into an executable or dynamic library. The output of this stage is typically called an "a.out", ".dylib" or ".so" file. Clang Static Analyzer The Clang Static Analyzer is a tool that scans source code to try to find bugs through code analysis. This tool uses many parts of Clang and is built into the same driver. Please see <https://clang-analyzer.llvm.org> for more details on how to use the static analyzer. OPTIONS Stage Selection Options -E Run the preprocessor stage. -fsyntax-only Run the preprocessor, parser and semantic analysis stages. -S Run the previous stages as well as LLVM generation and optimization stages and target-specific code generation, producing an assembly file. -c Run all of the above, plus the assembler, generating a target ".o" object file. no stage selection option If no stage selection option is specified, all stages above are run, and the linker is run to combine the results into an executable or shared library. Language Selection and Mode Options -x <language> Treat subsequent input files as having type language. -std=<standard> Specify the language standard to compile for. Supported values for the C language are: c89 c90 iso9899:1990 ISO C 1990 iso9899:199409 ISO C 1990 with amendment 1 gnu89 gnu90 ISO C 1990 with GNU extensions c99 iso9899:1999 ISO C 1999 gnu99 ISO C 1999 with GNU extensions c11 iso9899:2011 ISO C 2011 gnu11 ISO C 2011 with GNU extensions c17 iso9899:2017 ISO C 2017 gnu17 ISO C 2017 with GNU extensions c23 iso9899:2024 ISO C 2023 gnu23 ISO C 2023 with GNU extensions c2y ISO C 202y gnu2y ISO C 202y with GNU extensions The default C language standard is gnu17, except on PS4, where it is gnu99. Supported values for the C++ language are: c++98 c++03 ISO C++ 1998 with amendments gnu++98 gnu++03 ISO C++ 1998 with amendments and GNU extensions c++11 ISO C++ 2011 with amendments gnu++11 ISO C++ 2011 with amendments and GNU extensions c++14 ISO C++ 2014 with amendments gnu++14 ISO C++ 2014 with amendments and GNU extensions c++17 ISO C++ 2017 with amendments gnu++17 ISO C++ 2017 with amendments and GNU extensions c++20 ISO C++ 2020 with amendments gnu++20 ISO C++ 2020 with amendments and GNU extensions c++23 ISO C++ 2023 with amendments gnu++23 ISO C++ 2023 with amendments and GNU extensions c++2c Working draft for C++2c gnu++2c Working draft for C++2c with GNU extensions The default C++ language standard is gnu++17. Supported values for the OpenCL language are: cl1.0 OpenCL 1.0 cl1.1 OpenCL 1.1 cl1.2 OpenCL 1.2 cl2.0 OpenCL 2.0 The default OpenCL language standard is cl1.0. Supported values for the CUDA language are: cuda NVIDIA CUDA(tm) -stdlib=<library> Specify the C++ standard library to use; supported options are lib- stdc++ and libc++. If not specified, platform default will be used. -rtlib=<library> Specify the compiler runtime library to use; supported options are libgcc and compiler-rt. If not specified, platform default will be used. -ansi Same as -std=c89. -ObjC, -ObjC++ Treat source input files as Objective-C and Object-C++ inputs re- spectively. -trigraphs Enable trigraphs. -ffreestanding Indicate that the file should be compiled for a freestanding, not a hosted, environment. Note that a freestanding build still requires linking against a C Standard Library which supports the freestanding interfaces for the specified language mode and target environment. This includes functions like memcpy, memmove, and memset. -fno-builtin Disable special handling and optimizations of well-known library functions, like strlen() and malloc(). -fno-builtin-<function> Disable special handling and optimizations for the specific library function. For example, -fno-builtin-strlen removes any special han- dling for the strlen() library function. -fno-builtin-std-<function> Disable special handling and optimizations for the specific C++ standard library function in namespace std. For example, -fno-builtin-std-move_if_noexcept removes any special handling for the std::move_if_noexcept() library function. For C standard library functions that the C++ standard library also provides in namespace std, use -fno-builtin-<function> instead. -fmath-errno Indicate that math functions should be treated as updating errno. -fpascal-strings Enable support for Pascal-style strings with "\pfoo". -fms-extensions Enable support for Microsoft extensions. -fmsc-version= Set _MSC_VER. When on Windows, this defaults to either the same value as the currently installed version of cl.exe, or 1933. Not set otherwise. -fborland-extensions Enable support for Borland extensions. -fwritable-strings Make all string literals default to writable. This disables uniquing of strings and other optimizations. -flax-vector-conversions, -flax-vector-conversions=<kind>, -fno-lax-vec- tor-conversions Allow loose type checking rules for implicit vector conversions. Possible values of <kind>: * none: allow no implicit conversions between vectors * integer: allow implicit bitcasts between integer vectors of the same overall bit-width * all: allow implicit bitcasts between any vectors of the same over- all bit-width <kind> defaults to integer if unspecified. -fblocks Enable the "Blocks" language feature. -fobjc-abi-version=version Select the Objective-C ABI version to use. Available versions are 1 (legacy "fragile" ABI), 2 (non-fragile ABI 1), and 3 (non-fragile ABI 2). -fobjc-nonfragile-abi-version=<version> Select the Objective-C non-fragile ABI version to use by default. This will only be used as the Objective-C ABI when the non-fragile ABI is enabled (either via -fobjc-nonfragile-abi, or because it is the platform default). -fobjc-nonfragile-abi, -fno-objc-nonfragile-abi Enable use of the Objective-C non-fragile ABI. On platforms for which this is the default ABI, it can be disabled with -fno-objc-nonfragile-abi. Target Selection Options Clang fully supports cross compilation as an inherent part of its design. Depending on how your version of Clang is configured, it may have support for a number of cross compilers, or may only support a native target. -arch <architecture> Specify the architecture to build for (Mac OS X specific). -target <architecture> Specify the architecture to build for (all platforms). -mmacos-version-min=<version> When building for macOS, specify the minimum version supported by your application. -miphoneos-version-min When building for iPhone OS, specify the minimum version supported by your application. --print-supported-cpus Print out a list of supported processors for the given target (spec- ified through --target=<architecture> or -arch <architecture>). If no target is specified, the system default target will be used. -mcpu=?, -mtune=? Acts as an alias for --print-supported-cpus. -mcpu=help, -mtune=help Acts as an alias for --print-supported-cpus. -march=<cpu> Specify that Clang should generate code for a specific processor family member and later. For example, if you specify -march=i486, the compiler is allowed to generate instructions that are valid on i486 and later processors, but which may not exist on earlier ones. --print-enabled-extensions Prints the list of extensions that are enabled for the target speci- fied by the combination of --target, -march, and -mcpu values. Cur- rently, this option is only supported on AArch64 and RISC-V. On RISC-V, this option also prints out the ISA string of enabled exten- sions. --print-supported-extensions Prints the list of all extensions that are supported for every CPU target for an architecture (specified through --target=<architec- ture> or -arch <architecture>). If no target is specified, the sys- tem default target will be used. Currently, this option is only sup- ported on AArch64 and RISC-V. Code Generation Options -O0, -O1, -O2, -O3, -Ofast, -Os, -Oz, -Og, -O, -O4 Specify which optimization level to use: -O0 Means "no optimization": this level compiles the fastest and generates the most debuggable code. -O1 Somewhere between -O0 and -O2. -O2 Moderate level of optimization which enables most optimiza- tions. -O3 Like -O2, except that it enables optimizations that take longer to perform or that may generate larger code (in an attempt to make the program run faster). -Ofast Enables all the optimizations from -O3 along with other aggressive optimizations that may violate strict compliance with language standards. This is deprecated in Clang 19 and a warning is emitted that -O3 in combination with -ffast-math should be used instead if the request for non-standard math behavior is in- tended. There is no timeline yet for removal; the aim is to dis- courage use of -Ofast due to the surprising behavior of an opti- mization flag changing the observable behavior of correct code. -Os Like -O2 with extra optimizations to reduce code size. -Oz Like -Os (and thus -O2), but reduces code size further. -Og Similar to -O1, but with slightly reduced optimization and better variable visibility. The same optimizations are run as at -O1, but the -fextend-variable-liveness flag is also set, which tries to prevent optimizations from reducing the liveness of user variables, improving their availability when debugging. -O Equivalent to -O1. -O4 and higher Currently equivalent to -O3 -g, -gline-tables-only, -gmodules Control debug information output. Note that Clang debug information works best at -O0. When more than one option starting with -g is specified, the last one wins: -g Generate debug information. -gline-tables-only Generate only line table debug information. This allows for symbolicated backtraces with inlining informa- tion, but does not include any information about variables, their locations or types. -gmodules Generate debug information that contains external ref- erences to types defined in Clang modules or precompiled headers instead of emitting redundant debug type information into every object file. This option transparently switches the Clang module format to object file containers that hold the Clang module to- gether with the debug information. When compiling a program that uses Clang modules or precompiled headers, this option produces complete debug information with faster compile times and much smaller object files. This option should not be used when building static libraries for distribution to other machines because the debug info will con- tain references to the module cache on the machine the object files in the library were built on. -fstandalone-debug -fno-standalone-debug Clang supports a number of optimizations to reduce the size of debug information in the binary. They work based on the assumption that the debug type information can be spread out over multiple compila- tion units. For instance, Clang will not emit type definitions for types that are not needed by a module and could be replaced with a forward declaration. Further, Clang will only emit type info for a dynamic C++ class in the module that contains the vtable for the class. The -fstandalone-debug option turns off these optimizations. This is useful when working with 3rd-party libraries that don't come with debug information. This is the default on Darwin. Note that Clang will never emit type information for types that are not referenced at all by the program. -feliminate-unused-debug-types By default, Clang does not emit type information for types that are defined but not used in a program. To retain the debug info for these unused types, the negation -fno-eliminate-unused-debug-types can be used. -fexceptions Allow exceptions to be thrown through Clang compiled stack frames (on many targets, this will enable unwind information for functions that might have an exception thrown through them). For most targets, this is enabled by default for C++. -ftrapv Generate code to catch integer overflow errors. Signed integer overflow is undefined in C. With this flag, extra code is generated to detect this and abort when it happens. -fvisibility This flag sets the default visibility level. -fcommon, -fno-common This flag specifies that variables without initializers get common linkage. It can be disabled with -fno-common. -ftls-model=<model> Set the default thread-local storage (TLS) model to use for thread-local variables. Valid values are: "global-dynamic", "lo- cal-dynamic", "initial-exec" and "local-exec". The default is "global-dynamic". The default model can be overridden with the tls_model attribute. The compiler will try to choose a more effi- cient model if possible. -flto, -flto=full, -flto=thin, -emit-llvm Generate output files in LLVM formats, suitable for link time opti- mization. When used with -S this generates LLVM intermediate lan- guage assembly files, otherwise this generates LLVM bitcode format object files (which may be passed to the linker depending on the stage selection options). The default for -flto is "full", in which the LLVM bitcode is suit- able for monolithic Link Time Optimization (LTO), where the linker merges all such modules into a single combined module for optimiza- tion. With "thin", ThinLTO compilation is invoked instead. NOTE: On Darwin, when using -flto along with -g and compiling and link- ing in separate steps, you also need to pass -Wl,-ob- ject_path_lto,<lto-filename>.o at the linking step to instruct the ld64 linker not to delete the temporary object file generated during Link Time Optimization (this flag is automatically passed to the linker by Clang if compilation and linking are done in a single step). This allows debugging the executable as well as generating the .dSYM bundle using dsymutil(1). Driver Options -### Print (but do not run) the commands to run for this compilation. --help Display available options. -Qunused-arguments Do not emit any warnings for unused driver arguments. -Wa,<args> Pass the comma separated arguments in args to the assembler. -Wl,<args> Pass the comma separated arguments in args to the linker. -Wp,<args> Pass the comma separated arguments in args to the preprocessor. -Xanalyzer <arg> Pass arg to the static analyzer. -Xassembler <arg> Pass arg to the assembler. -Xlinker <arg> Pass arg to the linker. -Xpreprocessor <arg> Pass arg to the preprocessor. -o <file> Write output to file. -print-file-name=<file> Print the full library path of file. -print-libgcc-file-name Print the library path for the currently used compiler runtime li- brary ("libgcc.a" or "libclang_rt.builtins.*.a"). -print-prog-name=<name> Print the full program path of name. -print-search-dirs Print the paths used for finding libraries and programs. -save-temps Save intermediate compilation results. -save-stats, -save-stats=cwd, -save-stats=obj Save internal code generation (LLVM) statistics to a file in the current directory (-save-stats/"-save-stats=cwd") or the directory of the output file ("-save-state=obj"). You can also use environment variables to control the statistics re- porting. Setting CC_PRINT_INTERNAL_STAT to 1 enables the feature, the report goes to stdout in JSON format. Setting CC_PRINT_INTERNAL_STAT_FILE to a file path makes it report statistics to the given file in the JSON format. Note that -save-stats take precedence over CC_PRINT_INTERNAL_STAT and CC_PRINT_INTERNAL_STAT_FILE. -integrated-as, -no-integrated-as Used to enable and disable, respectively, the use of the integrated assembler. Whether the integrated assembler is on by default is tar- get dependent. -time Time individual commands. -ftime-report Print timing summary of each stage of compilation. -v Show commands to run and use verbose output. Diagnostics Options -fshow-column, -fshow-source-location, -fcaret-diagnostics, -fdiagnos- tics-fixit-info, -fdiagnostics-parseable-fixits, -fdiagnos- tics-print-source-range-info, -fprint-source-range-info, -fdiagnos- tics-show-option, -fmessage-length These options control how Clang prints out information about diag- nostics (errors and warnings). Please see the Clang User's Manual for more information. Preprocessor Options -D<macroname>=<value> Adds an implicit #define into the predefines buffer which is read before the source file is preprocessed. -U<macroname> Adds an implicit #undef into the predefines buffer which is read be- fore the source file is preprocessed. -include <filename> Adds an implicit #include into the predefines buffer which is read before the source file is preprocessed. -I<directory> Add the specified directory to the search path for include files. -F<directory> Add the specified directory to the search path for framework include files. -nostdinc Do not search the standard system directories or compiler builtin directories for include files. -nostdlibinc Do not search the standard system directories for include files, but do search compiler builtin include directories. -nobuiltininc Do not search clang's builtin directory for include files. -nostdinc++ Do not search the system C++ standard library directory for include files. -fkeep-system-includes Usable only with -E. Do not copy the preprocessed content of "sys- tem" headers to the output; instead, preserve the #include direc- tive. This can greatly reduce the volume of text produced by -E which can be helpful when trying to produce a "small" reproduceable test case. This option does not guarantee reproduceability, however. If the in- cluding source defines preprocessor symbols that influence the be- havior of system headers (for example, _XOPEN_SOURCE) the operation of -E will remove that definition and thus can change the semantics of the included header. Also, using a different version of the sys- tem headers (especially a different version of the STL) may result in different behavior. Always verify the preprocessed file by com- piling it separately. ENVIRONMENT TMPDIR, TEMP, TMP These environment variables are checked, in order, for the location to write temporary files used during the compilation process. CPATH This environment variable specifies additional (non-system) header search paths to be used to find included header files. These paths are searched after paths specified with the -I<directory> option, but before any system header search paths. Paths are delimited by the platform dependent delimiter as used in the PATH environment variable. Empty entries in the delimited path list, including those at the beginning or end of the list, are treated as specifying the compiler's current working directory. C_INCLUDE_PATH, OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH, CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH, OBJCPLUS_IN- CLUDE_PATH These environment variables specify additional system header file search paths to be used when processing the corresponding language. Search paths are delimited as for the CPATH environment variable. MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET If -mmacos-version-min is unspecified, the default deployment target is read from this environment variable. This option only affects Darwin targets. BUGS To report bugs, please visit <- https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/>. Most bug reports should in- clude preprocessed source files (use the -E option) and the full output of the compiler, along with information to reproduce. SEE ALSO as(1), ld(1) AUTHOR Maintained by the Clang / LLVM Team (<http://clang.llvm.org>) COPYRIGHT 2007-2026, The Clang Team 21 Aug 27, 2026 CLANG(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | ENVIRONMENT | BUGS | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR | COPYRIGHT
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