FreeBSD Manual Pages
CS2CS(1) PROJ CS2CS(1) NAME cs2cs - Cartographic coordinate system filter SYNOPSIS cs2cs [-eEfIlrstvwW [args]] [[--area <name_or_code>] | [--bbox <west_long,south_lat,east_long,north_lat>]] [--authority <name>] [--3d] [--accuracy <accuracy>] [--only-best[=yes|=no]] [--no-ballpark] [--s_epoch {epoch}] [--t_epoch {epoch}] ([+opt[=arg] ...] [+to +opt[=arg] ...] | {source_crs} {target_crs}) file ... where {source_crs} or {target_crs} is one of the possibilities accepted by proj_create() <#c.proj_create>, provided it expresses a CRS * a proj-string, * a WKT string, * an object code (like "EPSG:4326", "urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326", "urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation:EPSG::1671"), * an Object name. e.g "WGS 84", "WGS 84 / UTM zone 31N". In that case as uniqueness is not guaranteed, heuristics are applied to determine the appropriate best match. * a CRS name and a coordinate epoch, separated with '@'. For example "- <ITRF2014@2025.0>". (added in 9.2) * a OGC URN combining references for compound coordinate reference sys- tems (e.g "<urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::2393,crs:EPSG::5717>" or custom abbreviated syntax "EPSG:2393+5717"), * a OGC URN combining references for references for projected or derived CRSs e.g. for Projected 3D CRS "UTM zone 31N / WGS 84 (3D)": "- <urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::4979,cs:PROJ::ENh,coordinateOpera- tion:EPSG::16031>" (added in 6.2) * a OGC URN combining references for concatenated operations (e.g. "- <urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation,coordinateOperation:EPSG::3895,coor- dinateOperation:EPSG::1618>") * a PROJJSON string. The jsonschema is at <https://proj.org/schemas/v0 .4/projjson.schema.json> (added in 6.2) * a compound CRS made from two object names separated with " + ". e.g. "WGS 84 + EGM96 height" (added in 7.1) Added in version 6.0.0. Note: before 7.0.1, it was needed to add +to between {source_crs} and {target_crs} when adding a filename DESCRIPTION cs2cs performs transformation between the source and destination carto- graphic coordinate reference system on a set of input points. The coordi- nate reference system transformation can include translation between pro- jected and geographic coordinates as well as the application of datum shifts. The following control parameters can appear in any order: -I Perform the inverse transformation, that is from target CRS to source CRS. -t<a> Where a specifies a character employed as the first character to de- note a control line to be passed through without processing. This option applicable to ASCII input only. (# is the default value). -d <n> Added in version 5.2.0. Specify the number of decimals to round to in the output. -e <string> Where string is an arbitrary string to be output if an error is de- tected during data transformations. The default value is a three character string: *\t*. -E Causes the input coordinates to be copied to the output line prior to printing the converted values. -l<[=id]> List projection identifiers that can be selected with +proj. cs2cs -l=id gives expanded description of projection id, e.g. cs2cs -l=merc. -lp List of all projection id that can be used with the +proj parameter. Equivalent to cs2cs -l. -lP Expanded description of all projections that can be used with the +proj parameter. -le List of all ellipsoids that can be selected with the +ellps parame- ters. -lm List of hard-coded prime meridians that can be selected with the +pm parameter. Note that this list is no longer updated, and some val- ues may conflict with other sources. -lu List of all distance units that can be selected with the +units pa- rameter. -r This options reverses the order of the first two expected inputs from that specified by the CRS to the opposite order. The third co- ordinate, typically height, remains third. -s This options reverses the order of the first two expected outputs from that specified by the CRS to the opposite order. The third co- ordinate, typically height, remains third. -f <format> Where format is a printf format string to control the form of the output values. For inverse projections, the output will be in de- grees when this option is employed. If a format is specified for in- verse projection the output data will be in decimal degrees. The de- fault format is "%.2f" for forward projection and DMS for inverse. -w<n> Where n is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for seconds output (when the option is not specified, -w3 is assumed). -W<n> Where n is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for seconds output. When -W is employed the fields will be constant width with leading zeroes. Valid range: -W0 through -W8. -v Causes a listing of cartographic control parameters tested for and used by the program to be printed prior to input data. --area <name_or_code> Added in version 8.0.0. Specify an area of interest to restrict the results when researching coordinate operations between 2 CRS. The area of interest can be specified either as a name (e.g "Denmark - onshore") or a AUTHOR- ITY:CODE (EPSG:3237) This option is mutually exclusive with --bbox. --bbox <west_long,south_lat,east_long,north_lat> Added in version 8.0.0. Specify an area of interest to restrict the results when researching coordinate operations between 2 CRS. The area of interest is speci- fied as a bounding box with geographic coordinates, expressed in de- grees in a unspecified geographic CRS. west_long and east_long should be in the [-180,180] range, and south_lat and north_lat in the [-90,90]. west_long is generally lower than east_long, except in the case where the area of interest crosses the antimeridian. --only-best[=yes|=no] Added in version 9.2.0. Force cs2cs to only use the best transformation known by PROJ. cs2cs will return an error if a grid needed for the best transforma- tion is missing. Best transformation should be understood as the most accurate trans- formation available among all relevant for the point to transform, and if all known grids required to perform such transformation were accessible (either locally or through network). Note that the default value for this option can be also set with the PROJ_ONLY_BEST_DEFAULT environment variable, or with the only_best_default setting of proj.ini <#proj-ini> (--only-best when specified overrides such default value). --no-ballpark Added in version 8.0.0. Disallow any coordinate operation that is, or contains, a Ballpark transformation <#term-Ballpark-transformation> --accuracy <accuracy> Added in version 8.0.0. Sets the minimum desired accuracy for candidate coordinate opera- tions. --authority <name> Added in version 8.0.0. This option can be used to restrict the authority of coordinate op- erations looked up in the database. When not specified, coordinate operations from any authority will be searched, with the restric- tions set in the authority_to_authority_preference database table related to the authority of the source/target CRS themselves. If authority is set to any, then coordinate operations from any author- ity will be searched If authority is a non-empty string different of any, then coordinate operations will be searched only in that au- thority namespace (e.g EPSG). This option is mutually exclusive with --bbox. --3d Added in version 9.1. "Promote" 2D CRS(s) to their 3D version, where the vertical axis is the ellipsoidal height in metres, using the ellipsoid of the base geodetic CRS. Depending on PROJ versions and the exact nature of the CRS involved, especially before PROJ 9.1, a mix of 2D and 3D CRS could lead to 2D or 3D transformations. Starting with PROJ 9.1, both CRS need to be 3D for vertical transformation to possibly happen. --s_epoch Added in version 9.4. Epoch of coordinates in the source CRS, as decimal year. Only ap- plies to a dynamic CRS. --t_epoch Added in version 9.4. Epoch of coordinates in the target CRS, as decimal year. Only ap- plies to a dynamic CRS. The +opt run-line arguments are associated with cartographic parameters. The cs2cs program takes two coordinate reference system (CRS) definitions. These can be given in a variety of formats such as EPSG-codes, WKT-strings or legacy PROJ.4 CRS descriptions. If there is no second CRS defined, a geographic CRS based on the datum and ellipsoid of the source CRS is assumed. Note that the source and destina- tion CRS can both of same or different nature (geographic, projected, com- pound CRS), or one of each and may have the same or different datums. When using a WKT definition or a AUTHORITY:CODE, the axis order of the CRS will be enforced. So for example if using EPSG:4326, the first value ex- pected (or returned) will be a latitude. Internally, cs2cs uses the proj_create_crs_to_crs() <#c .proj_create_crs_to_crs> function to compute the appropriate coordinate op- eration, so implementation details of this function directly impact the re- sults returned by the program. The environment parameter PROJ_DATA <#envvar-PROJ_DATA> establishes the di- rectory for resource files (database, datum shift grids, etc.) One or more files (processed in left to right order) specify the source of data to be transformed. A - will specify the location of processing stan- dard input. If no files are specified, the input is assumed to be from stdin. For input data the two data values must be in the first two white space separated fields and when both input and output are ASCII all trail- ing portions of the input line are appended to the output line. Input geographic data (longitude and latitude) must be in DMS or decimal degrees format and input cartesian data must be in units consistent with the ellipsoid major axis or sphere radius units. Output geographic coordi- nates will normally be in DMS format (use -f %.12f for decimal degrees with 12 decimal places), while projected (cartesian) coordinates will be in lin- ear (meter, feet) units. Use of remote grids Added in version 7.0.0. If the PROJ_NETWORK <#envvar-PROJ_NETWORK> environment variable is set to ON, cs2cs will attempt to use remote grids stored on CDN (Content Delivery Network) storage, when they are not available locally. More details are available in the Network capabilities <#network> section. EXAMPLES Using EPSG CRS codes Transforming from WGS 84 latitude/longitude (in that order) to UTM Zone 31N/WGS 84 cs2cs EPSG:4326 EPSG:32631 <<EOF 45N 2E EOF outputs 421184.70 4983436.77 0.00 Using EPSG CRS names Transforming from WGS 84 latitude/longitude (in that order) with EGM96 height to UTM Zone 31N/WGS 84 with WGS84 ellipsoidal height echo 45 2 0 | cs2cs "WGS 84 + EGM96 height" "WGS 84 / UTM zone 31N" --3d outputs 421184.70 4983436.77 50.69 Note: To get those exact values, you have need to have the EGM96 grid in- stalled locally or use networking capabilities mentioned above. Using PROJ strings The following script cs2cs +proj=latlong +datum=NAD83 +to +proj=utm +zone=10 +datum=NAD27 -r <<EOF 45A<degree>15'33.1" 111.5W 45d15.551666667N -111d30 +45.25919444444 111d30'000w EOF will transform the input NAD83 geographic coordinates into NAD27 coordi- nates in the UTM projection with zone 10 selected. The geographic values of this example are equivalent and meant as examples of various forms of DMS input. The x-y output data will appear as three lines of: 1402285.93 5076292.58 0.00 To get those exact values, you have need to have all current grids in- stalled (in that instance the NADCON5 us_noaa_nad- con5_nad27_nad83_1986_conus.tif grid) locally or use networking capabili- ties mentioned above. To make sure you will get the optimal result, you may add --only-best. As- suming the above mentioned grid is not available, echo -111.5 45.25919444444 | cs2cs --only-best +proj=latlong +datum=NAD83 +to +proj=utm +zone=10 +datum=NAD27 would return: Attempt to use coordinate operation axis order change (2D) + Inverse of NAD27 to NAD83 (7) + axis order change (2D) + UTM zone 10N failed. Grid us_noaa_nadcon5_nad27_nad83_1986_conus.tif is not available. Consult https://proj.org/resource_files.html for guidance. * * inf Otherwise, if you don't have the grid available and you don't specify --only-best: echo -111.5 45.25919444444 | cs2cs --only-best +proj=latlong +datum=NAD83 +to +proj=utm +zone=10 +datum=NAD27 would return: 1402224.57 5076275.42 0.00 which is the result when the NAD27 and NAD83 datums are dealt as identical, which is an approximation at a level of several tens of metres. SEE ALSO proj(1), cct(1), geod(1), gie(1), projinfo(1), projsync(1) BUGS A list of known bugs can be found at <https://github.com/OSGeo/PROJ/issues> where new bug reports can be submitted to. HOME PAGE <https://proj.org/> Author Frank Warmerdam Copyright 1983-2026, PROJ contributors 9.8 10 avril 2026 CS2CS(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | BUGS | HOME PAGE | Author | Copyright
Want to link to this manual page? Use this URL:
<https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cs2cs&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports+15.1.quarterly>