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FLUXBOX-KEYS(5) Fluxbox Manual FLUXBOX-KEYS(5) NAME fluxbox-keys - keyboard shortcuts configuration for fluxbox(1) SYNOPSIS ~/.fluxbox/keys SYNTAX Variable parameters are shown in emphasis: argument Optional parameters are shown in square brackets: [argument] All other characters shown are required verbatim. Whitespace is required where shown, but it is fine to add more whitespace. DESCRIPTION The keys file defines the keyboard shortcuts for fluxbox(1). You can customize fluxbox's key handling through the ~/.fluxbox/keys file. The file consists of lines of the basic format: [modifiers] key :'command' [arguments ...] The space between the key and the : before the command is mandatory. All modifiers and commands are case-insensitive. Some command arguments (especially those that will be passed to the shell) are case-sensitive. Some key names are case-sensitive. Lines beginning with a # or ! are considered comments and are unread by fluxbox. You will need to "reload" fluxbox after editing the keys file so it picks up your change. MODIFIERS You can get a list of possible modifiers by calling `xmodmap -pm'. This also shows you to which keys the modifiers are mapped, but the following modifiers are most commonly used: Shift Control Mod1 Mod4 where Mod1 is the Alt key on the PC keyboard and Mod4 is usually a key branded with a familiar company logo. There are also some special modifiers that refer to mouse button events OnDesktop The mouse cursor is over the desktop (root window), and not any window. OnToolbar The mouse cursor is over the toolbar (which is normally at the bot- tom of the screen). OnWindow The mouse cursor is over a window. OnTitlebar The mouse cursor is over a window's titlebar. OnTab The mouse cursor is over a tab. Double Limits this action to double-clicks only. Combining Modifiers To combine two or more modifiers, just list them (space-delimited) in any order. KEYS You may specify a key by its key name (for example, a or space) or by its numeric keycode (for example, 38 or 0xf3). If you don't know the name of a key, you can run xev(1) in a terminal, push the key, and see the name in the output. If you have some "special" keys that do not produce a key name in the output of xev(1), you can just use the keycode (NOT the keysym!) in your keys file. Commands can also be bound to mouse events (N denotes the number of the button, eg. 1 is the primary button, 4/5 are the wheel buttons): MouseN The mouse button N is pressed down and held. ClickN The mouse button N is clicked (pressed and released with no movement in between) MoveN The mouse button N is currently held, the bound action is triggered as often as the mouse moves. There are some special "keys" that let you bind events to non-keyboard events: ChangeWorkspace Fires when the workspace changes. This can be used to change back- grounds or do anything else you like when you switch to a new work- space. See the EXAMPLES below for one idea. Warning Use caution with this event! For example, do NOT bind this to any ac- tion that changes your current workspace. If you break your fluxbox with this feature, you get to keep the pieces. CHAINING Key bindings can be chained in a fashion similar to Emacs key bindings us- ing the syntax: modifiers-1 key-1 modifiers-2 key-2 :'command' [arguments ...]* To abort a chained command part-way through typing it, press the <ESC> key. To Bind CTRL+C CTRL+X (Which means, press CTRL+C then CTRL+X) to quit fluxbox. Control c Control x :Quit KEYMODES A specific set of key mappings can be activated and de-activated on-the-fly using what are called keymodes. The syntax to define a mapping in a keymode is: keymode: modifiers key :'command' [arguments ...] Where keymode is any alpha-numeric string name. When this keymode is activated (see the KeyMode command below), all bind- ings prefaced by that keymode name become active (and all other keybindings will be deactivated) until the keymode changes again. COMMANDS Some commands have multiple names which are shown below as CMD1 | CMD2 Related commands have been grouped below as CMD1 / CMD2 The commands are broken up into sections as follows * Mouse Commands * Window Commands * Workspace Commands * Menu Commands * Window Manager Commands * Special Commands Mouse Commands These commands may only be bound to mouse buttons (plus modifiers), not keystrokes. In all cases, the action finishes when the mouse button is re- leased. StartMoving Start dragging to move the window. StartResizing [corner] Start dragging to resize the window as if you had grabbed the window at the specified corner. By default corner is BottomRight, but may be overridden with one of: NearestCorner NearestEdge NearestCornerOrEdge Center TopLeft Top TopRight Left Right BottomLeft Bottom BottomRight If NearestCornerOrEdge is specified the size of the corner can also be specified to be the larger of one or two following numbers: [pixel-size [percent-size]] or percent-size%, where percent-size is the percentage of half the window width or height. If no size is given, it defaults to 50 pixels and 30%. StartTabbing Start dragging to add this window to another's tabgroup. ActivateTab Activates the tab underneath the mouse. Window Commands These commands ordinarily affect only the currently focused window. The On- Window modifier and ForEach command may affect the window that is used. Minimize | MinimizeWindow | Iconify Minimize the current window, equivalent to the window button. Maximize | MaximizeWindow Maximize the current window, equivalent to the window button. MaximizeHorizontal / MaximizeVertical Maximize the current window in one direction only, leaving the other dimension unchanged. Fullscreen Resize the window's content to fit the whole screen, without any window decoration. Raise / Lower Reorder this window to the top or bottom of the window stack, within its current layer. See fluxbox(1) for a discussion of layers. RaiseLayer / LowerLayer [offset] Raise the window up to the layer above, or lower it to the layer below. See fluxbox(1) for a discussion of layers. SetLayer layer Move the window to the specified layer. layer should be one of Above- Dock, Dock, Top, Normal, Bottom, Desktop. See fluxbox(1) for a discus- sion of layers. Close Close the current window, equivalent to the window button. Kill | KillWindow Close a window that's not responding to Close, like using xkill(1). Shade | ShadeWindow Toggle the shaded state of the current window, equivalent to the window button. A shaded window appears as only the title bar. ShadeOn / ShadeOff Set the shaded state of the window to On / Off. Stick | StickWindow Toggle the sticky state of the current window, equivalent to the window button. A sticky window is visible on all workspaces. SetDecor decor Sets which window decorations will be shown. decor has the same format as the `[Deco]' parameter in the apps file. See fluxbox-apps(5) for more info. ToggleDecor Toggles the presence of the window decorations (title bar, window but- tons, and resize bar). NextTab / PrevTab Cycle to the next / previous tab in the current tab group. Tab number Cycle to the given tab in the current tab group, where 1 is the first tab. A negative number counts from the end of the tab group (-1 is the last tab, -2 is the next-to-last, etc.). MoveTabRight / MoveTabLeft Reorder the tabs in the current tab group, swapping the current tab with the one to the right / left. DetachClient Remove the current tab from the tab group, placing it in its own win- dow. ResizeTo width[%] height[%] Resizes the window to the given width and height. If the value is given in percent, then the window size will be based on the current screen's size. Resize delta-width[%] delta-height[%] Resizes the window relative to the current width and height. If the value is given in percent, then the window size will be based on the current window's size. ResizeHorizontal delta-width[%] / ResizeVertical delta-height[%] Resizes the window in one dimension only. If the value is given in per- cent, then the window size will be based on the current window's size. MoveTo x[%] y[%] [anchor] Moves the window to the given coordinates, given in pixels or rela- tively to the current screen size if % is specified after the value. If either x or y is set to \*, that coordinate will be ignored, and the movement will only take place in one dimension. The default anchor is the upper left corner, but this may be overridden with one of: TopLeft Left BottomLeft Top Center Bottom TopRight Right Bottom- Right Move delta-x delta-y Moves the window relative to its current position. Positive numbers re- fer to right and down, and negative to left and up, respectively. MoveRight d / MoveLeft d / MoveUp d / MoveDown d Moves the window relative to its current position by the number of pix- els specified in d. If the number is negative, it moves in the opposite direction. TakeToWorkspace workspace / SendToWorkspace workspace Sends you along with the current window to the selected workspace. SendToWorkspace just sends the window. The first workspace is number 1, not 0. TakeToNextWorkspace [offset] / TakeToPrevWorkspace [offset] Sends you along with the current window to the next or previous work- space. If you set offset to a value greater than the default of 1, it will move you that number of workspaces ahead or behind. If you go be- yond the end of the currently defined workspaces, it will wrap around to the other end automatically. SendToNextWorkspace [offset] / SendToPrevWorkspace [offset] Identical to the "TakeTo..." commands, but again this sends only the window, and does not move you away from your current workspace. SetAlpha [alpha [unfocused-alpha]] Sets the alpha value of a window. Putting a + or - in front of the value adds or subtracts from the cur- rent value. A plain integer sets the value explicitly. no arguments Resets both focused and unfocused settings to default opacity. one argument Changes both focused and unfocused alpha settings. two arguments First value becomes the focused alpha, second becomes the unfocused alpha value. SetHead number Moves the window to the given display head. Only available when fluxbox has been compiled with Xinerama support. SendToNextHead [offset] / SendToPrevHead [offset] Sends the current window to the next/previous display head. If you specify an offset greater than 1, it will move the window that many heads. If this takes the window beyond the total number of heads, it will wrap around to the beginning. SetXProp PROP=value Sets the xproperty PROP of the current window to value. Delete the con- tent of PROP by using PROP=. Workspace Commands These commands affect the entire workspace (or "desktop" as it is sometimes called). AddWorkspace / RemoveLastWorkspace Adds or removes a workspace from the end of the list of workspaces. NextWorkspace [n] / PrevWorkspace [n] / RightWorkspace [n] / LeftWorkspace [n] Switch to the Next / Previous workspace. All versions accept an offset value n, which defaults to 1 and refers to the number of workspaces to move at one time. {Next,Prev}Workspace wrap around when going past the last workspace, whereas {Right,Left}Workspace do not. Workspace number Jumps to the given workspace number. The first workspace is 1. NextWindow [{options}] [pattern] / PrevWindow [{options}] [pattern] Focuses the next / previous window in the focus list. options is one or more of the following, space delimited: static Instead of moving in order of most-recent focus, move in order of when the window was opened (or, the order shown in the icon- bar). groups Only include the current tab in windows with multiple tabs. If pattern arguments are supplied, only windows that match all the patterns are considered - all others are skipped. See the section CLIENT PATTERNS below for more information. This pair of commands has a special side-effect when the keybinding used has a modifier - It will temporarily raise the cycled window to the front so you can see it, but if you continue holding down the modifier and press the key again (For example, keep holding "Alt" while you tap the "Tab" key a few times), fluxbox will lower the window again when you move on to the next one. This allows you to preview the windows in order, but does not change the order in doing so. NextGroup [{options}] [pattern] / PrevGroup [{options}] [pattern] Equivalent to NextWindow / PrevWindow above, but with the groups option forced on. GotoWindow number [{options}] [pattern] Focuses and activates the window at position number in the focus list. The options and pattern arguments have the same meaning as NextWindow above. Activate [pattern] | Focus [pattern] With pattern, this is an alias for GoToWindow 1 pattern. Without, this behaves like a window command, so that OnWindow events can change the focused window. Attach pattern Combines all windows that match the pattern into a single tab group. See CLIENT PATTERNS for more about the pattern arguments. FocusLeft / FocusRight / FocusUp / FocusDown Focus to the next window which is located in the direction specified. ArrangeWindows pattern / ArrangeWindowsVertical pattern / ArrangeWindow- sHorizontal pattern Tries to arrange all windows on the current workspace so that they overlap the least amount possible. ArrangeWindowsVertical prefers ver- tical splits (windows side by side), whereas ArrangeWindowsHorizontal prefers horizontal splits (windows on top of eachother). See CLIENT PATTERNS for more about the pattern arguments. ArrangeWindowsStackLeft pattern / ArrangeWindowsStackRight pattern Similar to ArrangeWindows, these commands arrange windows on the cur- rent workspace. The currently focussed window is used as the main win- dow, and will fill half the screen, while the other windows are tiled on the other half of the screen as if they were tiled with ArrangeWin- dows. ArrangeWindowsStackLeft puts the main window on the RIGHT hand side of the screen, and the tiled windows are on the LEFT hand side of the screen. ArrangeWindowsStackRight puts the main window on the LEFT hand side of the screen, and the tiled windows are on the RIGHT hand side of the screen. ArrangeWindowsStackTop pattern / ArrangeWindowsStackBottom pattern Behaves just like ArrangeWindowsStackLeft and ArrangeWindowsStackRight. ArrangeWindowsStackBottom places the main window on the TOP half of the screen, and the tiled windows on the bottom half of the screen. ArrangeWindowsStackTop places the main window on the BOTTOM half of the screen and the tiled windows on the top half of the screen. ShowDesktop Minimizes all windows on the current workspace. If they are already all minimized, then it restores them. Deiconify mode destination Deiconifies windows (or, restores from a minimized state). Where mode may be one of: All All icons across all workspaces. AllWorkspace All icons on the current workspace. Last The last icon across all workspaces. LastWorkspace (default) The last icon on the current workspace. And destination may be one of: Current (default) Deiconify to the current workspace. OriginQuiet Deiconify to the window's original workspace, but does so in the background, without moving you there. SetWorkspaceName name / SetWorkspaceNameDialog Sets the name of the current workspace. CloseAllWindows Closes all windows on all desktops. Menu Commands These commands open or close fluxbox popup menus. For more information on what these menus contain or how to configure them, see fluxbox(1). RootMenu Opens the root menu. See ROOT MENU in fluxbox-menu(5) for details. WorkspaceMenu Opens a menu showing all workspaces and windows. See Workspace Menu in fluxbox(1) for details. WindowMenu Opens a menu containing actions for the current window. See WINDOW MENU in fluxbox-menu(5) for details. ClientMenu [pattern] Opens a menu that contains all windows. If you specify a pattern, only matching windows will be in the menu. Selecting a window will jump to that workspace and raise the window. See CLIENT PATTERNS below for more details on the pattern argument. CustomMenu path Opens a custom menu file. This path must be a valid menu file in the same format as detailed by the ROOT MENU section of fluxbox-menu(5). HideMenus Hide all fluxbox popup menus. Window Manager Commands These commands affect the Window Manager, or more than one window. Restart [path] Restarts fluxbox. This does not close any running applications. If the optional path is a path to an executable window manager, that manager is started in place of fluxbox. Quit | Exit Exits fluxbox. This will normally cause X to stop as well and terminate all existing applications, returning you to the login manager or con- sole. Reconfig | Reconfigure Reloads all fluxbox configuration files including the keys file, apps file, and init file, if they have changed. SetStyle path Sets the current style to that given in path, which must be the full path to a fluxbox style. ReloadStyle Reloads only the current style. Useful after editing a style which is currently in use. ExecCommand args ... | Exec args ... | Execute args ... Probably the most-used binding of all. Passes all the arguments to your $SHELL (or /bin/sh if $SHELL is not set). You can use this to launch applications, run shell scripts, etc. Since all arguments are passed verbatim to the shell, you can use environment variables, pipes, or anything else the shell can do. Note that processes only see environ- ment variables that were set before fluxbox started (such as in ~/.fluxbox/startup), or any that are set via the Export or SetEnv com- mands, below. See fluxbox(1) for more details on the ENVIRONMENT and \~/.fluxbox/startup file. CommandDialog Pops up a dialog box that lets you type in any of these commands manu- ally. SetEnv name value | Export name=value Sets an environment variable in Fluxbox. It will be passed to any ap- plications spawned by any future ExecCommand commands. SetResourceValue resourcename resourcevalue | SetResourceValueDialog Sets a fluxbox resource value, which are normally stored in the init file. See fluxbox(1) for more details on available resources and al- lowed values. Special Commands These commands have special meanings or behaviors. MacroCmd {command1} {command2} {command3} ... Allows you to execute more than one command with one keybinding. The commands will be executed in series. The {} brackets are literally re- quired, as in the following example: MacroCmd {MoveTo 0 0} {ResizeTo 1280 800} Delay {command} [microseconds] Delays running command for the given amount of time. If the same key binding is activated again, the timer will be restarted. ToggleCmd {command1} {command2} ... Alternates between the commands. On the first press of the bound key, runs command1. On the next press, runs command2. BindKey keybinding Adds the given keybinding (which must be a valid key binding as defined in the DESCRIPTION section above) to your keys file. KeyMode keymode [return-keybinding] Activates the named keymode (or, all key binding lines prefaced with the same keymode:) and deactivates all others until the return-keybind- ing (by default Escape) is pressed. The default keymode is named de- fault. ForEach {command} [{condition}] | Map {command} [{condition}] Runs the given command (normally one from the Window Commands section above) on each window. If you specify a condition (See Conditions, be- low) the action will be limited to matching windows. If {condition} {then-command} [{else-command}] | Cond {condition} {then-command} [{else-command}] If the condition command returns true, then run the then-command, oth- erwise run the optional else-command. See Conditions below for more in- formation on the condition argument. Conditions These special commands are used to match windows conditionally. They are commonly used by the If and ForEach command. Matches pattern Returns true if the current window matches the given pattern. See CLIENT PATTERNS below for details on the pattern syntax. If your key binding uses the OnWindow modifier, it matches against the window you clicked, not the currently focused window. To check other windows besides the currently focused one, see the Every and Some conditions below. Some condition Returns true if any window on any workspace (not just the currently fo- cused one) matches the condition. Every condition Returns true if every window on every workspace (not just the current one) matches the condition. Not condition Returns true if condition returns false, and vice-versa. And {condition1} {condition2} [{condition3} ...] Returns true if and only if all given conditions return true. Or {condition1} {condition2} [{condition3} ...] Returns true if any of the listed conditions return true. Xor {condition1} {condition2} [{condition3} ...] Returns the boolean xor of the truth values for all conditions listed. CLIENT PATTERNS Many of the more advanced commands take a pattern argument, which allows you to direct the action at a specific window or set of windows which match the properties specified in the pattern. A pattern looks like this ([propertyname[!]=]regexp) ... Match definitions are enclosed in parentheses (...), and if no propertyname is given then Name is assumed. The regexp can contain any regular expres- sion, or the special value [current], which matches the corresponding value of the currently focused window. See regex(7) for more information on ac- ceptable regular expressions. propertyname is not case sensitive, whereas the regexp is. If you specify multiple (pattern) arguments, this implies an AND condition - All specified patterns must match. You can use = to test for equality or != to test for inequality. The following values are accepted for propertyname Name A string, corresponding to the CLASSNAME property (The first field of WM_CLASS from the output of the xprop(1) utility). Class A string, corresponding to the CLASSCLASS property (The second field of WM_CLASS from the output of the xprop(1) utility). Title A string, corresponding to the window title (WM_NAME from xprop(1)). Role A string, corresponding to the ROLE property (WM_WINDOW_ROLE from xprop(1)). Transient Either yes or no, depending on whether the window is transient (typically, a popup dialog) or not. Maximized Either yes or no, depending on whether the window is maximized or not. MaximizedHorizontal Either yes or no, depending on whether the window is maximized hor- izontally or not. MaximizedVertical Either yes or no, depending on whether the window is maximized ver- tically or not. Minimized Either yes or no, depending on whether the window is minimized (iconified) or not. Fullscreen Either yes or no, depending on whether the window is fullscreen or not. Shaded Either yes or no, depending on whether the window is shaded or not. Stuck Either yes or no, depending on whether the window is sticky (on all workspaces) or not. FocusHidden Either yes or no, depending on whether the window has asked to be left off the focus list (or, the alt-tab list), or not. IconHidden Either yes or no, depending on whether the window has asked to be left off the icon list (or, the taskbar), or not. Urgent Either yes or no, depending on whether the window has the urgent hint set. Workspace A number corresponding to the workspace number to which the window is attached. The first workspace here is 0. You may also use [cur- rent] to match the currently visible workspace. WorkspaceName A string corresponding to the name of the workspace to which the window is attached. Head The number of the display head to which the window is attached. You may match this against the special value [mouse] which refers to the head where the mouse pointer currently resides. Layer The string name of the window's layer, which is one of AboveDock, Dock, Top, Normal, Bottom, Desktop Screen The number of the currently used screen. If the setup of the run- ning xserver involves independent screens (not Xinerama), the $DIS- PLAY environment contains something like :0.1 or :1.0. The part af- ter the dot (.) is the number of the screen. @XPROP A string, corresponding to any xproperty (Use either the xprop(1) utility or the SetXProp command to set a xproperty to a window) Matches any windows with the CLASSNAME of "xterm". (xterm) Matches any windows with the same CLASSNAME as the currently focused win- dow. (Name=[current]) Matches any windows on the same head as the mouse but on a different layer than the currently focused window. (Head=[mouse]) (Layer!=[current]) Matches any windows having a xproperty named FOO with "bar" in it. (@FOO=.*bar.*) FILES ~/.fluxbox/keys This is the default location for the keybinding definitions. /usr/X11R6/include/X11/keysymdef.h X key names are in this file. /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XKeysymDB X key names are also in this file. RESOURCES session.keyFile: location This may be set to override the location of the keybinding definitions. ENVIRONMENT Remember that ExecCommand command can take advantage of other environment variables if they are set before fluxbox is started, or via the Export or SetEnv commands. For example, if $TERM is set, it could be use like this: Mod1 x :ExecCommand $TERM For more information about environment variables, see your shell's manual. EXAMPLES Here are some interesting and/or useful examples you can do with your keys file. # Mod4+drag moves a window OnWindow Mod4 Mouse1 :StartMoving # If any xterm windows are open, cycle through them. If none are open, open # one: Mod4 t :If {Some Matches (xterm)} {NextWindow (xterm)} {Exec xterm} # Set a different wallpaper on every workspace: ChangeWorkspace :Exec fbsetbg ~/.fluxbox/bg$(xprop -root _NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP | awk '{print $3}').png # Focusses the next window with it's xproperty 'PROP' set to 'foo' Mod4 p Mod4 Tab :NextWindow (@PROP=foo) AUTHORS * Jim Ramsay <i.am at jimramsay com> (>fluxbox-1.0.0) * Curt Micol <asenchi at asenchi com> (>fluxbox-0.9.11) * Tobias Klausmann <klausman at users sourceforge net> (<fluxbox-0.9.11) * Grubert <grubert at users sourceforge net> (fluxbox) * Matthew Hawkins <matt at mh dropbear id au> (blackbox) * Wilbert Berendsen <wbsoft at xs4all nl> (blackbox) SEE ALSO fluxbox(1) xprop(1) xev(1) xkill(1) regex(7) AUTHOR Jim Ramsay <i.am@jimramsay.com> Author. fluxbox-keys.txt 08 February 2015 FLUXBOX-KEYS(5)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | SYNTAX | DESCRIPTION | MODIFIERS | KEYS | CHAINING | KEYMODES | COMMANDS | CLIENT PATTERNS | FILES | RESOURCES | ENVIRONMENT | EXAMPLES | AUTHORS | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR
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