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OD(1)				  User Commands 			   OD(1)

NAME
     od - dump files in octal and other formats

SYNOPSIS
     od [OPTION]... [FILE]...
     od [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
     od --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]

DESCRIPTION
     Write  an	unambiguous  representation,  octal bytes by default, of FILE to
     standard output.  With more than one FILE argument, concatenate them in the
     listed order to form the input.

     With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

     If first and second call formats both apply, the second format  is  assumed
     if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2 operands) a digit.  An
     OFFSET  operand means -j OFFSET.  LABEL is the pseudo-address at first byte
     printed, incremented when dump is progressing.  For OFFSET and LABEL, a  0x
     or  0X  prefix indicates hexadecimal; suffixes may be . for octal and b for
     multiply by 512.

     Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

     -A, --address-radix=RADIX
	    output format for file offsets; RADIX is one of [doxn], for Decimal,
	    Octal, Hex or None

     --endian={big|little}
	    swap input bytes according the specified order

     -j, --skip-bytes=BYTES
	    skip BYTES input bytes first

     -N, --read-bytes=BYTES
	    limit dump to BYTES input bytes

     -S BYTES, --strings[=BYTES]
	    show only NUL terminated strings of at  least  BYTES  (3)  printable
	    characters

     -t, --format=TYPE
	    select output format or formats

     -v, --output-duplicates
	    do not use * to mark line suppression

     -w[BYTES], --width[=BYTES]
	    output  BYTES bytes per output line; 32 is implied when BYTES is not
	    specified

     --traditional
	    accept arguments in third form above

     --help
	    display this help and exit

     --version
	    output version information and exit

   Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
     -a     same as -t a,  select named characters, ignoring high-order bit

     -b     same as -t o1, select octal bytes

     -c     same as -t c,  select printable characters or backslash escapes

     -d     same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units

     -f     same as -t fF, select floats

     -i     same as -t dI, select decimal ints

     -l     same as -t dL, select decimal longs

     -o     same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units

     -s     same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units

     -x     same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units

   TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
     a	    named character, ignoring high-order bit

     c	    printable character or backslash escape

     d[SIZE]
	    signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer

     f[SIZE]
	    floating point, SIZE bytes per float

     o[SIZE]
	    octal, SIZE bytes per integer

     u[SIZE]
	    unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer

     x[SIZE]
	    hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer

     SIZE is a number.	For TYPE in [doux], SIZE may also be C for sizeof(char),
     S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for sizeof(long).  If	TYPE  is
     f,  SIZE  may also be B for Brain 16 bit, H for Half precision float, F for
     sizeof(float), D for sizeof(double), or L for sizeof(long double).

     Adding a z suffix to any type displays printable characters at the  end  of
     each output line.

   BYTES is hex with 0x or 0X prefix, and may have a multiplier suffix:
     b	    512

     KB     1000

     K	    1024

     MB     1000*1000

     M	    1024*1024

     and  so  on  for G, T, P, E, Z, Y, R, Q.  Binary prefixes can be used, too:
     KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

EXAMPLES
     od -A x -t x1z -v
	    Display hexdump format output

     od -A o -t oS -w16
	    The default output format used by od

AUTHOR
     Written by Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS
     Report bugs to: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
     GNU coreutils home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
     General help using GNU software: <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
     Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT
     Copyright (C) 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.	License GPLv3+: GNU  GPL
     version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
     This  is  free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There
     is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
     Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/od>
     or available locally via: info '(coreutils) od invocation'

GNU coreutils 9.9		  November 2025 			   OD(1)

Want to link to this manual page? Use this URL:
<https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=god&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports+15.1.quarterly>

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