IF(1) General Commands Manual IF(1) NAME if - conditional command SYNOPSIS if [expression [command [arg ...]]] DESCRIPTION If evaluates the specified expression, and if its value is true, returns a zero exit status or executes the specified command with the given argu- ments. Otherwise, it returns a non-zero exit status. When expression is not specified, if also returns a non-zero exit status. The following primaries are used to construct expression: { command [arg ...] } The specified command is executed with the given arguments to ob- tain its exit status. A zero status is true; a non-zero status is false. -d file True if file exists and is a directory. -e file True if file exists. -f file True if file exists and is a regular file. -h file True if file exists and is a symbolic link. -n string True if the length of string is non-zero. -r file True if file exists and is readable. -s file True if file exists and has a size greater than zero bytes. -t fildes True if the file whose file descriptor number is fildes is open and associated with a terminal device. Fildes must be a decimal digit (0 - 9). -w file True if file exists and is writable. -x file True if file exists and is executable, or if file is a searchable directory. -z string True if the length of string is zero. file1 -ef file2 True if file1 and file2 both exist and refer to the same file (same device, same inode). file1 -nt file2 True if file1 and file2 both exist and last data-modification time of file1 is newer than that of file2. file1 -ot file2 True if file1 and file2 both exist and last data-modification time of file1 is older than that of file2. s1 != s2 True if the strings s1 and s2 are not equal. s1 == s2 Is a synonym for =. s1 = s2 True if the strings s1 and s2 are equal. s1 < s2 True if the string s1 comes before s2 according to their ASCII character values. s1 > s2 True if the string s1 comes after s2 according to their ASCII character values. n1 -eq n2 True if the integers n1 and n2 are algebraically equal. n1 -ne n2 True if the integers n1 and n2 are not algebraically equal. n1 -gt n2 True if the integer n1 is algebraically greater than the integer n2. n1 -ge n2 True if the integer n1 is algebraically greater than or equal to the integer n2. n1 -lt n2 True if the integer n1 is algebraically less than the integer n2. n1 -le n2 True if the integer n1 is algebraically less than or equal to the integer n2. These primaries may also be combined with the following operators: ! expression unary negation operator expression1 -a expression2 binary and operator expression1 -o expression2 binary or operator ( expression ) parentheses for grouping -a has higher precedence than -o. Notice that all of the operators and flags are separate arguments to if. Notice also that parentheses are mean- ingful to the shell and must be escaped. Symbolic links are followed for all file-related primaries except -h. EXIT STATUS The if command exits with one of the following values: 0 The expression was true (see below). 1 The expression was false or was not specified. 2 An error was detected. 125 The specified command was found but did not begin with the proper magic number or a `#!shell' sequence, and a valid shell was not specified by EXECSHELL with which to execute it. 126 The specified command was found but could not be executed. 127 The specified command was not found. If the expression is true and if command is specified and executed, the exit status is that of the executed command. ENVIRONMENT Notice that the concept of `user environment' was not defined in Version 6 (V6) UNIX. Thus, use of the following environment variables by this port of the conditional command is an enhancement: EXECSHELL If set to a non-empty string, the value of this variable is taken as the path name of the shell which is invoked to execute the specified command when it does not begin with the proper magic number or a `#!shell' sequence. PATH If set to a non-empty string, the value of this variable is taken as the sequence of directories which is used to search for the speci- fied command. Notice that the conditional command from Version 6 (V6) UNIX always used the equivalent of `.:/bin:/usr/bin', not PATH. SEE ALSO goto(1), etsh(1), tsh(1), test(1) Etsh home page: https://etsh.nl/ COMPATIBILITY The if command from Version 6 (V6) UNIX does not support the ==, <, >, -d, -e, -f, -h, -n, -s, -t, -x, -z, -ef, -nt, -ot, -eq, -ne, -gt, -ge, -lt, and -le operators. In addition to supporting the above operators, this port also differs from the original in that the exit status returned varies according to whether the expression is true or false, as is the case with test(1). HISTORY An if command appeared as /bin/if in Version 3 (V3) UNIX. AUTHORS This port of the if command is derived from Version 6 (V6) UNIX /usr/source/s1/if.c. It was written by Ken Thompson of Bell Labs. Jeffrey Allen Neitzel <jan@etsh.nl> ported and maintains it as if(1). LICENSE See either the LICENSE file which is distributed with etsh or https://etsh.nl/license/ for full details. etsh-5.4.0 March 28, 2019 IF(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | EXIT STATUS | ENVIRONMENT | SEE ALSO | COMPATIBILITY | HISTORY | AUTHORS | LICENSE
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