kcd(1) General Commands Manual kcd(1) NAME kcd - Directory Change Utility SYNOPSIS kcd [-B] [DIR_SHORTCUT] [MATCH_NUMBER] kcd [-b DIR_SHORTCUT] [-ba [DIR [...]]] [-br [DIR [...]]] [--config] [--configattr] [--features] [-h] [--help] [-M] [-p PROFILE] [-r] [-rf] [-rp DIR] [-rq] [-rQ] [-t [DIR]] [-tr [DIR]] [-T] [-v] [--version] eval `kcdmain [-ia] [-ic] [-if] [-ias KCD_DIR] [-ics KCD_DIR] [-ifs KCD_DIR] ` DESCRIPTION kcd is a set of programs that help you navigate through directories easily. kcd works by consulting the directory tree file for the list of directories available. By default the file is named ~/.kcd.save.kcd.gz but may change according to the kcd configuration file. This file is automatically cre- ated when kcd is run for the first time. When you type the command without any parameter, it will display the saved entire directory tree and place the highlight bar on the current directory. You can use arrow keys, Page Up, Page Down, Home and End keys to move the highlight bar to the desired directory. Pressing Enter will exit kcd and jump the the selected directory. If you choose to remain in the current directory, just press F10. Besides using arrow keys, etc. to move the highlight bar, you may type the some text string to limit the highlight bar to move between items contain- ing the string. The text string is shown at the bottom of the screen in- side [...]. To restore highlight bar behavior, press Tab key. If you know the name of directory you want to change to, you can type only a part of directory name as DIR_SHORTCUT parameter. If kcd found from that there are more than 4 directories contain the text, it will list all matched directories. You can again use arrow keys, Page Up, Page Down, etc. to move the highlight bar and press Enter. If there are less than or equal 4 matched directory, kcd will pick a directory and jump. Repeat the same kcd command will go to the next matched one, and so on. You may change the number of matched directory threshold to any value other than 4 by modifying configuration file. See the CONFIGURATION FILE section below. Optionally, you may specify MATCH_NUMBER so that the directory correspond- ing to the number in the matched list is used and kcd jump to that direc- tory immediately. The DIR_SHORTCUT may contain special symbols / and // to force the matching of parent directories as well. For example kcd usr/bin matches /usr/bin and /usr/sbin but not /usr/local/bin since the directory containing usr and bin must appeared right next to each other. On the other hand kcd usr//bin allows any number of directories between the usr and bin and also matches /usr/local/bin and /usr/local/lib/mozilla/bin. OPTIONS -b [DIR_SHORTCUT] Display bookmarks matching DIR_SHORTCUT, or all bookmark if DIR_SHORTCUT is not supplied. -ba [DIR [...]] Bookmark specified directories. If none is specified, the current directory is used. -br [DIR [...]] Remove bookmark from specified directories. If none is specified, the current directory is used. -B Search all directories, not just bookmarked ones. --config Display current configuration (excluding screen attributes) obtained from SYSCONFDIR/kcd.conf and ~/.kcd.conf. SYSCONFDIR is the direc- tory given to --sysconfdir option during configure, which usually is /etc, /usr/etc or /usr/local/etc. --configattr Display current screen attribute configuration. --features Display availability of all features: xterm/rxvt resize Yes if kcd can redraw itself if the size of xterm/rxvt termi- nal changes. mouse support Yes if kcd can response to mouse click. default scroll bar Yes if scroll bar will be used. It can be overridden by ScrollBar command in configuration file. -h, --help Display help message. --helpinst Display help for shell alias/function installation. -M Don't scan directories given by MountDir. -p PROFILE Use the specified configuration profile. This must be the first op- tion present in the command line. --profiles Display the list of configuration profiles available. -r Rescan directory tree using the default mode as specified in config- uration file. -rf Rescan directory using full scan mode. kcd will ignore all previ- ously saved directory tree information and start scanning from scratch. By default, the smart scan mode is used whenever possible to reduce time needed for directory scanning. The full scan mode is provided in case you change configuration files - some command may not affect directory tree until you rescan in full mode. Another possible problem is that some old file system may not have the change time (which is updated when directory permission is changed) so that kcd cannot correctly update the directory tree. (msdos file system is an example, but fortunately we cannot change their directory permission anyway.) -rp DIR Rescan part of directory tree beginning at DIR. -rq Rescan directory tree using the quiet mode, overriding default mode. No current progress is displayed. -rQ Rescan directory tree using the verbose mode (opposite of -rq ), overriding default mode. Current checked directory is displayed. -t [DIR] Display partial directory tree beginning with DIR. If DIR is not specified, the current directory is used. -tr [DIR] Like -t but rescan directory tree before display. -T Display full directory tree. -v, --version Display version number. Rescan options can be combined, i.e., `kcd -rf -rq' is the same as `kcd -rfq'. Following parameters are useful when you type `kcd' and get a command not found error. `kcd' is actually a shell function or shell alias so it must be setup before you can type any kcd command. You will have to use `kcd- main' as the command name (since kcd command is not available yet). -ia Install shell alias when kcd is installed in /usr/bin. -ic Install shell alias for csh or tcsh when kcd is installed in /usr/bin. -if Install shell function when kcd is installed in /usr/bin. -ias KCD_DIR Install shell alias when kcd is installed in the specified directory KCD_DIR. -ics KCD_DIR Install shell alias for csh or tcsh when kcd is installed in the specified directory KCD_DIR. -ifs KCD_DIR Install shell function when kcd is installed in the specified direc- tory KCD_DIR. DIRECTORY TREE WINDOW The directory tree window appears when you type kcd without any other para- meter. Initially kcd is in the navigation mode. You can use arrow keys to move the highlight bar to any directory you want. There is another mode called find mode which can be distinguish from navigation mode by the string ` Find: ' displayed at the bottom of the screen. Pressing arrow keys will move the highlight bar to the nearest directory containing the search string inside the brackets ([...]). Displayed at the last row on screen is the full path name of highlighted directory. KEYS IN NAVIGATION MODE Arrow keys, Page up, Page down, Home and End Move the highlight bar. Space bar or Enter Change to the highlighted directory and exit. F10 or ^C (Ctrl-C) Exit without changing directory. F8 Repaint screen. F9 Switch between status display: Destination directory <--> Key help. Center key on numeric keypad Center highlight bar on the middle of the screen. Characters from `a' to `z', from `A' to `Z' and from `0' to `9' Switch to find mode. `,' and `.' Panning screen left/right. This works when the directory tree is too wide to fit the screen. KEYS IN FIND MODE Any characters, Ins, Del, Backspace, left arrow, right arrow Edit search string Up arrow or Page up, down arrow or Page down Go to the previous or next directory that match the search string Backspace or Del when the search string is empty or Tab Return to navigation mode Space bar or Enter Change to the highlighted directory and exit. F10 or ^C (Ctrl-C) Exit without changing directory. F8 Repaint screen. For terminals without function keys, you can press ^F+num where num is from 0 to 9 to get the same result. ^F+1 (Press and hold `Ctrl' key, press and release `F', release `Ctrl', then press `1') is the same as F1. Similarly ^F+2 to ^F+9 correspond to F2 to F9 respectively. To emulate F10, use ^F+0. DIRECTORY LEGENDS All accessible directories (except links) are shown as green (color con- sole) or underlined (B&W console) and can be selected. /dev and /proc plus other directories specified in SkipDir setting are shown with [skipped]. Subdirectories inside skipped directories are not displayed but you may able to access them using shell's cd command. Directories with [*] means that it is not present in the saved file. They are added automatically to the screen when current directory is not in the file. The changes are not written to the file. So you have to rescan di- rectory if you do not intend to skip them. Directories without execute permission are shown with [unreadable]. You cannot change to this directory. Directories without read permission but with execute permission are also shown with [unreadable] you cannot read the content of the directory (using the ls command). Symbolic links are shown with -> and the destination directory. Selecting a symbolic link will jump to its destination directory while still staying in kcd. You can navigate further or just press Enter to jump there. Some symbolic links may point to a directory outside the saved directory tree given in the StartDir configuration command. These are displayed with [outside tree] Enter will jump there immediately. ALTERNATE KEY BINDING You may change the keys used in kcd via KeyBinding configuration commands. Besides the default or kcd mode, Vi and Emacs modes are available. The following is the summary of keys available in these two modes. All arrow key, PageUp, PageDown, function keys retains the same meaning as the de- fault key binding. Vi Mode 0, ^ First directory of line $ Last directory of line h, b, B Previous directory l, w, W Next directory k, - Up j, +, _ Down ^B Previous page ^F Next page ^U, ^Y Scroll up ^D, ^E Scroll down gg First page G Last page / Search forward ? Search backward ^L Refresh screen q, ZQ, ^C Quit For most commands, a number prefix to indicate the repeat count, such as 5^B representing previous 5 pages, is supported. Emacs mode C-a First directory of line C-e Last directory of line C-b, M-b Previous directory C-f, M-f Next directory C-p Up C-n Down M-v Previous page C-v Next page C-s Search forward C-r Search backward C-c Quit CONFIGURATION FILE kcd consults settings in /etc/kcd.conf, /usr/etc/kcd.conf, /usr/lo- cal/etc/kcd.conf and ~/.kcd.conf, (in that order), each time the program executes if available. Commands in the latter configuration file will usu- ally override the former one. However, you have to use the ClearStartDir and ClearSkipDir commands in ~/.kcd.conf, for example, if you want to undo StartDir and SkipDir commands in /etc/kcd.conf. The syntax of each command is command_name = value All command names are case-insensitive. Values, however, depends on whether the command requests a double quoted value or not. Only values NOT in double quotes are treated as case-insensitive. There are 2 possible ways to specify value for double quoted string: glob, and regular expression. Glob uses characters like `?' and `*' as wildcards. It is placed within a pair of double quotes like "/usr/lib/lib*". Regular expression uses extended regular expression format and is placed within double quotes prefixed by either `R' or `r' such as r"/usr/lib/lib[a-z]-.*". kcd automatically adds a `^' and `$' at the be- ginning and the end of string, respectively. The symbol `#' serves as comment and all characters starting from `#' till end of line are ignored. The `#' inside double quotes, however, will be treated as part of value passed to the command. COMMAND SUMMARY SkipDir (allowed value = directory /r"directory", optional GlobDot and GlobPath override allowed) This tell kcd to skip scanning for directories inside the specified directory name. Multiple SkipDir commands are allowed. /dev and /proc are automatically excluded from the list of directories to be scanned. Directory name must be inside a pair of double quote ("..."). You may override the current GlobDot and GlobPath settings for this SkipDir command. Just specify each setting separated by comma after the directory name. Example: SkipDir = "/cdrom" SkipDir = "~/*rc", GlobDot=yes StartDir (allowed value = directory ) This tell kcd to start scanning from the specified directories. Multiple StartDir commands are allowed. In that case, kcd will gen- erate output containing multiple directory trees. Directory name must be inside a pair of double quote ("..."). If no StartDir is specified, kcd starts scanning from the root directory. Wild cards are not supported by StartDir. Example: StartDir = "~" MountDir (allowed value = directory , with optional actions All/Tree/Skip) This tell kcd to handle the specified directory according to the ac- tion given: All Always scan regardless if search string is provided in the com- mand line. Tree Scan only when search string is not supplied. Skip Always skip scanning. If the action is not provided, the default Skip action is used. Multiple actions, separated by commas can be specified. However this is intended for features to be introduced later. Wild cards are not supported by MountDir. Example: MountDir = "/mnt/floppy", Skip MountDir = "/mnt/usb", All Note: Directories given by MountDir should not overlap. The follow- ing does not work MountDir = "/mnt/mount_c", All MountDir = "/mnt/mount_c/temp", Skip Use the following instead MountDir = "/mnt/mount_c", All SkipDir = "/mnt/mount_c/temp" QuietFullScan (allowed value = yes/no, default value = no) This command toggle progress report when kcd scan for directories using full scan mode. Only the last QuietFullScan command are ef- fective. This option can be overridden by -rq or -rQ. Example: QuietFullScan = yes QuietSmartScan (allowed value = yes/no, default value = no) This command is similar to QuietFullScan but is intended for smart scan mode. This option can be overridden by `-rq' or `-rQ'. QuietPartialScan (allowed value = yes/no, default value = no) This command is similar to QuietFullScan but is intended for `-rp' option. This option can be overridden by `-rq' or `-rQ'. SortTree (allowed value = yes/no, default value = yes) This command cause kcd to sort the directory tree. If you change the SortTree value from yes to no, directory tree must be rescanned using full scan mode to make this command to properly restore the original order. GraphicChar (allowed value = yes/no, default value = yes) Choose whether special line graphic and arrow characters are used. If `no' is given, simple characters such as `+', `|', `>', etc. is used instead. ScrollBar (allowed value = yes/no, default value = yes for ncurses version >= 4.2) Choose whether scroll bars will be displayed. MouseScrollRate (allowed value: any number >= 0, default value = 2) Select scrolling rate when mouse button is held down. Unit is in 0.1 sec. Set to 0 disable this feature. CaseSensitiveSort (allowed value = yes/no, default value = no) Choose between case-sensitive or case-insensitive sort. SortTree must be set to yes in order for this to be effective. ClearSkipDir (allowed value = all/"directory"/r"directory") Do not skip the specified directory previously set as SkipDir. If `all' is used, ClearSkipDir discards all directory. /dev and /proc are not affected by this command. Example: ClearSkipDir = all ClearSkipDir = "/dosc" ClearStartDir (allowed value = all/"directory"/r"directory") Do not use the specified directory previously set as StartDir. If `all' is used, ClearStartDir discards all StartDir directory. ClearMountDir (allowed value = all/"directory"/r"directory") Do not use the specified directory previously set as MountDir. If `all' is used, ClearMountDir discards all MountDir directory. SpaceSelect (allowed value = yes/no, default value = yes) Setting this to no, when in find mode, pressing spacebar will not select the highlighted directory but proceed looking for the direc- tory containing the space. ShowListThreshold (allowed value: any numbers >= 0, default value = 4) If the number of matched directories given in the command line is less than or equal this number, kcd will jump immediately. Other- wise, the list of all matches are shown. ShowNewDir (allowed value = yes/no/multi, default value = multi Choose whether the new directory will be displayed when kcd decides to jump without showing list of matches. `Multi' means display only when there are multiple matches. FuzzySize (allowed value: any numbers >= 0, default value = 10) If there is no matched directories given in the command line, kcd will search for directories that provide the closest match. The number of matches is given by this configuration. GlobDot (allowed value = yes/no, default value = no) Select whether wildcard can match the leading `.' in the path name. It effects only commands following it. GlobPath (allowed value = yes/no, default value = no) Select whether wildcard can match the `/' in the path name. It ef- fects only commands following it. DefaultBackground (allowed value = Black/Red/Green/Yellow/Blue/Ma- genta/Cyan/White, default value = Black) Select background color for the directory tree window. DefaultTree (allowed value = quoted string) This specifies the default subtree displayed in directory tree mode. It can be overriden by `-t' or `-T' options. KeyBinding (allowed value = default/kcd/vi/emacs, default value = de- fault) Select a particular key binding. SCREEN ATTRIBUTE COMMAND SUMMARY Screen attribute command for color display has the following syntax: <ITEM>ColorAttr = [normal | <ATTR> ...] <FG_COLOR> on <BG_COLOR> while for black and white display is: <ITEM>BWAttr = [normal | <ATTR>] Available values for <ITEM>: Normal Majority of main window area, including line drawing characters, in- accessible directories, [*], [skipped] and [unreadable]. Dir Directory names. HighlightDir Highlighted directory names. SymLink Symbolic links. HighlightSymLink Highlighted symbolic links. Title Program name, text entered in find mode. Status Status bar. More Small area on rightmost column of display area that `+' is displayed when window content is too wide to fit on the screen. ScrollArrow Arrows on the scroll bars. ScrollBlock The moving block on the scroll bars. ScrollBar Background of the scroll bars. Available values for <ATTR>: Standout Underline Reverse Blink Dim Bold Available values for <FG_COLOR> and <BG_COLOR>: Black Red Green Yellow Blue Magenta Cyan White <BG_COLOR> can also be Default which means that the background color of the directory tree window is used here. Example: # Change both foreground and background NormalColorAttr = cyan on black DirColorAttr = bold red on blue SymLinkColorAttr = blue on white # Change only foreground NormalColorAttr = cyan on default # For black and white display NormalBWAttr = normal DirBWAttr = underline TitleBWAttr = bold reverse Note: Whether a particular combination of attributes and/or colors works is terminal dependent. QUOTING RULES The following symbols have special meanings inside double quotes values (such as in SkipDir command): \ ' " ` ~ and * ? [ ] for glob, or ^ . [ ] $ ( ) | * + ? { } for regular expression. Currently the commands SkipDir, ClearSkipDir, ClearStartDir, ClearMountDir can accept glob or regular expression. `~' and `~username', where username is an account name, are properly ex- panded to home directory when it appears at the beginning of the string. The special symbols ``' and `'' are reserved for future use. Control characters can be entered using \xHH quoting where HH is the hexa- decimal value of the character. GLOB SPECIAL CHARACTERS Shell wildcards normally does not match `/' and the leading `.' but the be- havior can be overridden using GlobPath and GlobDot commands respectively. Here is the list of wildcard pattern that kcd recognizes: * Match any characters ? Match single character [set] Match single character in the set Example: "lib[cm]" matches libc and libm. [!set] Match single character not in the set Example: "lib[!m]" matches libc but not libm. [^set] Same as [!set] but only available if in some cases. If glibc is your C library (true on Linux), it works when the environment vari- able POSIXLY_CORRECT is not set. [from-to] Match single character within the range Example: "x[a-m]m" matches xbm but not xpm. [:class:] Match single character in the class where class can be one of al- pha upper lower digit alnum xdigit space print punct graph cntrl blank Example: SkipDir = "~/.*" SkipDir = "~/*/CVS" Note that the matching rules depends on the C library in your system. The above rules apply when you have POSIX.2 conforming library. System with older libraries may not accept some of the rules. If you want these symbols inside double quotes to actually refer to the characters. You have to add an extra `\' in front of them. Note that here, `*'band `?' refer to characters inside directory name, not wild- cards. For example: SkipDir = "~/\`Cool\?\'" is used to skip the directory named `Cool?' (the enclosing quotes and the question mark are parts of the directory name) inside your home directory. (You may not know that can created this kind of weird directory name!) REGULAR EXPRESSION SPECIAL CHARACTERS For information check Section 7 of `regex' man pages, i.e., type `man 7 regex' in command line. SAMPLE CONFIGURATION FILE Following is for directory tree starting from root directory: # Sample configuration file for kcd SkipDir = "/cdrom" # Ignore cdrom mounting point SkipDir = "/dosc" # MSDOS C: partition Following is for directory tree starting from home directory: # Another sample configuration file for kcd StartDir = "~" # Start from home directory SkipDir = "~/.terminfo" # No scan inside .terminfo QuietFullScan = yes QuietSmartScan = yes PROFILES This feature allows kcd to behave differently depending on the invoked pro- file name. The following is an example of configuration file containing multiple profiles. [kcd] StartDir = "/" [hcd] StartDir = "~" With the example above, two shell functions/aliases are introduced, `kcd' and `hcd'. If you type `kcd' in the command line, the entire system is searched and displayed. But if you want to restrict to only inside home directory, you can use `hcd' command instead. More profiles can be intro- duced using in similar manner. There is no limit on the number of pro- files. The only restriction is the name of the profile. The profile name must be a valid C or C++ identifier, i.e., contains only alphanumeric char- acters or underscore and must not begin with a number. There are two special profiles, `*' and `kcd'. The `*' profile is the de- fault profile and is used for commands when no profile name is specified. The `kcd' profile is always created regardless if it actually appears in the configuration file. An ordinary profile (including `kcd'), when de- clared, will be initialized from the current configuration of `*'. After- ward, any changes to `*' does not affect the previously initialized one. Here is an example. ShowListThreshold = 3 # No profile specified yet, # store in [*] [kcd] # Copy configuration from [*] # So the ShowListThreshold # command also applies to [kcd] StartDir = "/" [*] SkipDir = "~/.*" # Add SkipDir command to [*] # Does not affect [kcd] [hcd] # Inherit ShowListThreshold # and SkipDir from [*] StartDir = "~" [ucd] # Inherit ShowListThreshold # and SkipDir from [*] StartDir = "/home" Note: Profile may not work on some shells such as ash. bash and tcsh work fine. COMMON ERROR MESSAGES Shell message reporting that it cannot find a particular file or directory (the actual message depends on the shell used). For example, bash displays `bash: dirname: No such file or directory' Cause: kcd attempts to change to a directory that no longer exists. Solution: Rescan directory. `kcd: cannot find a link containing the string ...' Cause: kcd cannot find any directory matching specified string given in the command line. This may due to: 1. There may be some typos in directory name given. Solution: Retype the correct name. 2. The desired directory is created after the last directory scan. Solution: Rescan directory. 3. kcd has been configured to skip it. Solution: Change directory manually by the `cd' command or modify the configuration file (See the previous section). `kcd: your ncurses library is bad. Refer to kcd README file for solution' Cause: 1. ncurses library (libncurses.a or libncurses.so.X.X.X) in /usr/lib) and header file (/usr/include/curses.h) do not match. 2. The library is built based using a different configuration, compiler or library that is incompatible with the current installed ones. 3. The library is built not to support C++ applications. Solution: Recompile kcd. AUTHOR kcd is copyrighted (c) 1996,1997-9,2000-4,2005 by Kriang Lerdsuwanakij <lerdsuwa@users.sourceforge.net>. For bug report, visit the program home page is at http://kcd.sourceforge.net Version 7.15.0 kcd Reference Manual kcd(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | DIRECTORY TREE WINDOW | CONFIGURATION FILE | COMMON ERROR MESSAGES | AUTHOR
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