FreeBSD Manual Pages
PACKIT(8) Packet analysis and injection tool PACKIT(8) NAME Packit - Packet analysis and injection tool SYNOPSIS Packet capture: packit -m capture [-cGHnvsX] [-i interface] [-r|-w file] expression Packet injection: packit -m inject [-t protocol] [-aAbcCdDeFgGhHjJkKlLmMnNoOpPqQrRsSTuU- vwWxXyYzZ] [-i interface] DESCRIPTION Packit is a network auditing tool. It's value is derived from its abil- ity to customize, inject, monitor, and manipulate IP traffic. By allow- ing you to define (spoof) all TCP, UDP, ICMP, IP, ARP, RARP and Ether- net header options, Packit can be useful in testing firewalls, intru- sion detection systems, port scanning, simulating network traffic and general TCP/IP auditing. Packit is also an excellent tool for learning TCP/IP. PACKIT BASE OPTIONS -m mode Select a runtime mode. Currently supported modes are capture, inject and trace. The default is inject. PACKET CAPTURE OPTIONS Packet capture options are as follows: -c count Specify the number of packets to capture -e Display link-layer header data. -G Display the timestamp in GMT rather than localtime. -i interface Listen on interface. If unspecified, packit will use the lowest numbered device in the 'up' state (excluding loopback). -n Don't resolve host addresses to names but resolve ports numbers. Disables DNS lookups. -nn Don't resolve ports numbers to their protocol names but resolve host addresses. -nnn Don't resolve host addresses or port numbers. -r file Read packet data from tcpdump formated binary log file. (example: a file created with -w) -s snaplen Read snaplen bytes of data from each packet rather than the default of 68. -v Enables verbose packet capture. -w file Write the raw packets to file rather than displaying time to stderr. -X Display hexadecimal & ascii dump of each packet up to snap length bytes. expression selects which packets should be displayed. If no expression is given, all packets are displayed. See the tcpdump(1) man page for more detailed information. PACKET INJECTION / TRACE Packet injection is used to define and inject IP based network traffic onto your network. You have the ability to define essentially any ARP, IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP and Ethernet header value. This can be valuable in a number of ways, including testing firewalls, intrusion detection sys- tems, simulating traffic flow and general TCP/IP auditing. CHOOSE YOUR PROTOCOL -t protocol Specify the type of packet to inject. Supported values are: ARP, TCP, UDP and ICMP. This option defaults to TCP in inject mode and ICMP in trace mode. PACKET INJECTION / TRACE GENERAL This section documents the operational command-line options. -c count The value of count is the total number of packets we would like to inject (a count value of 0 means forver). -w interval The number of seconds to wait between sending each packet burst (default: 1). -b burst rate Specifies the number of packets to inject every interval (defined by -w). (A burst rate of 0 will send packets as quickly as possible) -h Host response mode. Enabling this option will print any packet you inject and then wait (see -H for timeout) to see if the remote host responds. -H timeout Specify the timeout value (in seconds) to use with '-h'. This value defaults to '1' second. -i interface Specify the interface to transmit from, if the machine has multiple interfaces. -v Verbose injection mode. Displays each packet you inject. It also has the same effect as in capture mode while used with the '-h' option. -p payload This option defines the payload portion of the header. Hex payload should be prefixed with '0x' with each value separated by a whitespace. ASCII Example: -p 'hello, this is my packet' Hex Example: -p '0x 70 61 63 6B 69 74' -w interval Specify the number of seconds to wait between packet bursts. This value defaults to '1' second. -Z length Specify the size of the packet(s) to inject. (Max: 65535) IP HEADER OPTIONS This section documents the IP header command-line options. -s src address The IP address the packet will appear to come from. If unspecified, packit will default to the IP address of the lowest numbered device in the 'up' state (excluding loopback). -sR Use a random source IP address. -d dst address The IP address of the machine you would like to contact. -dR Use a random destination IP address. -o type of service TOS values are typically in hexidecimal format, however, packit only accepts TOS values as integers. Below are the 4 valid TOS bit values: - Minimize delay: 16 (0x10) - Maximize throughput: 8 (0x08) - Maximize reliability: 4 (0x04) - Minimize monetary cost: 2 (0x02) -n ID number The ID number is used to identify each datagram sent by a host. It generally increments by one with each datagram sent. This value is random by default. -T TTL The TTL value defines the upper limit on the number of devices through which the datagram may pass to reach it's destination. The default value is 128. -V IP protocol number Specify the IP protocol assocated with this packet (RAWIP only). The default value is 255. TCP HEADER OPTIONS This section documents the TCP header command-line options. -S src port The port from which our source address is communicating from. This value is random by default. -D dst port The port on the destination we would like to communicate on. In inject mode this value is 0 by default while in trace mode this value is random by default. You may also specify a range of addresses in the format: -D 1:1024. -f Do not fragment this packet. -F tcp flags There are 6 TCP header flag bits. They can be used in combination with one another and are specified using the following identifiers: - S : SYN (Synchronization sequence number) - F : FIN (Sender is finished) - A : ACK (Acknowledgement number is valid) - P : PSH (Receiver should push this data to the remote host) - U : URG (The urgent pointer is valid) - R : RST (Reset this connection) As an example, to set the SYN and FIN bits use the following: -F SF -q sequence number The sequence number is a 32-bit unsigned (positive) number used to identify the byte in a stream of data from the sending TCP to the receiving TCP that the first byte of data represents. -a ack number The acknowledgement (ack) number defines the next sequence number that the sender of the ack expects to see. It is typically the sequence number + 1 during valid TCP communication. It is a 32-bit unsigned (positive) number. -W window size The window size provides flow control. It is a 16-bit number that defines how many bytes the receiver is willing to accept. The default value is 1500. -u urgent pointer In valid TCP communication, the urgent pointer is only useful if the URG flag is set. Used with the sequence number, it points to the last byte of urgent data. UDP HEADER OPTIONS This section documents the UDP header command-line options. UDP is the default IP protocol for TRACE mode. -S src port The port from which our source address is communicating from. This value is random by default. -D dst port The port on the destination we would like to communicate on. In inject mode this value is 0 by default while in trace mode this value is random by default. You may also specify a range of addresses in the format: -D 1:1024. ICMP HEADER OPTIONS This section documents the ICMP header command-line options. -K type Specify the ICMP type. See docs/ICMP.txt for details on types. -C code Specify the ICMP code. See docs/ICMP.txt for details on codes. ECHO REQUEST / ECHO REPLY OPTIONS -N id number Define the 16-bit ICMP identification number. This value is random by default. -Q sequence number Define the 16-bit ICMP sequence number. This value is random by default. UNREACHABLE / REDIRECT / TIME EXCEEDED OPTIONS -g gateway Define the gateway in which to redirect traffic to. This option is only used for ICMP redirects (type 5). -j address Define the source address of the original packet. -J src port Define the source port of the original packet. -l address Define the destination address of the original packet. -L dst port Define the destination port of the original packet. -m time to live Define the Time To Live of the original packet. This option defaults to 128. -M id Define the IP ID of the original packet. This option defaults to random. -O type of service Define the Type of Service of the original packet. See the -o option for the possible values. -P protocol Define the protocol of the original packet. This option defaults to UDP. MASK REQUEST / MASK REPLY OPTIONS -N id number Define the 16-bit ICMP identification number. This value is random by default. -Q sequence number Define the 16-bit ICMP sequence number. This value is random by default. -G address mask Define the address network mask. The default value for this option is:255.255.255.0. TIMESTAMP REQUEST / TIMESTAMP REPLY OPTIONS -N id number Define the 16-bit ICMP identification number. This value is random by default. -Q sequence number Define the 16-bit ICMP sequence number. This value is random by default. -U original timestamp Define the 32-bit original timestamp. This value is 0 by default. -k recieved timestamp Define the 32-bit recieved timestamp. This value is 0 by default. -z transmit timestamp Define the 32-bit transmit timestamp. This value is 0 by default. ARP HEADER OPTIONS This section documents the ARP header command-line options. In my opin- ion, these options have the ability to do the most damage with the least effort, especially on large cable and DSL networks. Use with cau- tion. Packit only supports ARP protocol addresses in IPv4 format -A operation type Define the ARP / RARP / IRARP operation type. The valid options are as follows: - 1 : ARP Request - 2 : ARP Reply - 3 : Reverse ARP Request - 4 : Reverse ARP Reply - 5 : Inverse ARP Request - 6 : Inverse ARP Reply -y target IP address The IP address of the target host. -yR Use a random target host IP address. -Y target ethernet address The ethernet (hardware) address of the target host. -YR Usage a random target host ethernet address. -x sender IP address The IP address of the sender host. -xR Use a random sender host IP address. -X sender ethernet address The ethernet (hardware) address of the sender host. -XR Usage a random sender host ethernet address. ETHERNET HEADER OPTIONS This section documents the Ethernet header command-line options. -e src ethernet address The ethernet (hardware) address the packet will appear to come from. -eR Use a random source ethernet address. If you define this, you will most likely need to define the destination ethernet header value as well. When using either -e or -E, you enable link level packet injection and enable link level packet injection and the destination cannot be auto-defined while injecting in this manner. -E dst ethernet address The ethernet (hardware) of the next routable interface the packet will cross while making it's way to the destination. -ER Use a random destination ethernet address. The following two rules should be followed if you actually want the destination to receive to receive the packets you're sending: 1) If the destination exists beyond your default route (gateway), the destination ethernet address should be set to the default routes address should be set to the default routes ethernet address. This can typically be found by using the arp(8) command. 2) If the destination exists on your subnet, the destination ethernet address should be set to its ethernet address. This can typically be found by using the arp command. PACKET CAPTURE EXAMPLES To print all TCP communications that doesn't revolve around SSH (port 22). packit -m cap 'tcp and not port 22' To print the start and end packets (the SYN and FIN pack- ets) of each TCP conversation that involves a non-local host, don't resolve addresses and display hex/ascii dump of the packet. packit -m cap -nX 'tcp[tcpflags] & (tcp-syn|tcp-fin) != 0 and not src and dst net localnet' To write the first 10 ICMP packets captured to a file. packit -m cap -c 10 -w /tmp/mylog 'icmp' PACKET INJECTION EXAMPLES IMPORTANT: The ethernet address 'f:00:d:f:00:d' in these examples is a mock representation of the ethernet address of my default route. In or- der for these examples to work properly, you would need to change it to your correct default route ethernet address. Inject 10 ICMP type 8 (echo request) packets from host '3.1.33.7' to host '192.168.0.1' and watch for a response. packit -t icmp -s 3.1.33.7 -d 192.168.0.1 -c 10 -h Inject an ICMP type 18 (mask reply) packet with an ICMP id of 211 and an address mask of 255.255.255.0. packit -t icmp -K 18 -d 127.0.0.1 -N 211 -G 255.255.255.0 Inject 5 TCP packets from random hosts to 'www.microsoft.com' with the SYN flag set, a window size of 666, a random source ethernet address, a destination ethernet address of f:00:d:f:00:d, with a payload of "HI BILL", displaying each packet injected. packit -sR -d www.microsoft.com -F S -c 5 -W 666 -eR -E f:00:d:f:00:d -p 'HI BILL' -v Inject a total of 1000 TCP packets in 20 packet per second bursts from 192.168.0.1 on port 403 to 192.168.0.20 on port 80 with the SYN and RST flags set, a sequence number of 12345678910 and a source ethernet ad- dress of 0:0:0:0:0:0. packit -s 192.168.0.1 -d 192.168.0.20 -S 403 -D 80 -F SR -q 12345678910 -c 1000 -b 20 -e 0:0:0:0:0:0 Inject a TCP packets from 10.22.41.6 to 172.16.1.3 on ports ranging from 1-1024 with the SYN flag set and display each packet we send. packit -s 10.22.41.6 -d 172.16.1.3 -D 1-1024 -F S -v Inject a broadcast ARP reply stating that 4.3.2.1 is at 5:4:3:2:1:0. Also, spoof the source ethernet adddress for a little more authenticity and supply the payload in hex. packit -t arp -A 2 -x 4.3.2.1 -X 5:4:3:2:1:0 -e 5:4:3:2:1:0 -p '0x 70 61 63 6B 69 74' TRACE ROUTE EXAMPLES Appear as a DNS response by using a UDP source port of 53 (DNS) packit -m trace -t UDP -d 192.168.2.35 -S 53 Appear as HTTP traffic by using TCP port 80 packit -m trace -t TCP -d www.google.com -S 80 -FS SEE ALSO pcap(3), bpf(4), libnet(3), tcpdump(1) BUGS Due to limitations in some versions of *BSD, specifying arbitrary eth- ernet and/or ARP header data may not be supported. ARP capture data is incomplete. Like this man page, packit is still very much a work in progress. Please send bug reports, questions or requests to dbounds@in- trusense.com. AUTHOR Darren Bounds <dbounds@intrusense.com> The latest version can be found at: http://packetfactory.openwall.net/projects/packit/ Packit @PACKIT_VERSION@ 10 20 2002 PACKIT(8)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | PACKIT BASE OPTIONS | PACKET CAPTURE OPTIONS | PACKET INJECTION / TRACE | CHOOSE YOUR PROTOCOL | PACKET INJECTION / TRACE GENERAL | IP HEADER OPTIONS | TCP HEADER OPTIONS | UDP HEADER OPTIONS | ICMP HEADER OPTIONS | ARP HEADER OPTIONS | ETHERNET HEADER OPTIONS | PACKET CAPTURE EXAMPLES | PACKET INJECTION EXAMPLES | TRACE ROUTE EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | BUGS | AUTHOR
Want to link to this manual page? Use this URL:
<https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=packit&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports+15.1.quarterly>