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std::basic_string::back(3)     C++ Standard Libary    std::basic_string::back(3)

NAME
     std::basic_string::back - std::basic_string::back

Synopsis
	CharT& back();		   (1) (constexpr since C++20)
	const CharT& back() const; (2) (constexpr since C++20)

	Returns  reference  to the last character in the string. The behavior is
     undefined if
	empty() is true.

Parameters
	(none)

Return value
	Reference to the last character, equivalent to operator[](size() - 1).

Complexity
	Constant.

Notes
	In libstdc++, back() is not available in C++98 mode.

Example
     // Run this code

      #include <iostream>
      #include <string>

      int main()
      {
	  std::string s("Exemplary");
	  char& back1 = s.back();
	  back1 = 's';
	  std::cout << s << '\n'; // "Exemplars"

	  std::string const c("Exemplary");
	  char const& back2 = c.back();
	  std::cout << back2 << '\n'; // 'y'
      }

Output:
      Exemplars
      y

	Defect reports

	The following behavior-changing defect	reports  were  applied	retroac-
     tively to
	previously published C++ standards.

	  DR	Applied to		Behavior as published		    Cor-
     rect behavior
	LWG   534   C++98	 std::basic_string   did  not  have  the  member
     added
			   function back()

See also
	front accesses the first character
	(DR*) (public member function)
	back  accesses the last character
	      (public member function of std::basic_string_view<CharT,Traits>)

http://cppreference.com 	   2024.06.10	      std::basic_string::back(3)
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