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std::filesy...parent_path(3)   C++ Standard Libary  std::filesy...parent_path(3)

NAME
     std::filesystem::path::parent_path - std::filesystem::path::parent_path

Synopsis
	path parent_path() const;  (since C++17)

	Returns the path to the parent directory.

	If  has_relative_path()  returns  false,  the result is a copy of *this.
     Otherwise, the
	result is a path whose generic format pathname is the longest prefix  of
     the generic
	format	pathname  of *this that produces one fewer element in its itera-
     tion.

Parameters
	(none)

Return value
	The path to the parent directory, or a copy of *this  if  not  has_rela-
     tive_path().

Exceptions
	May throw implementation-defined exceptions.

Example
     // Run this code

      #include <filesystem>
      #include <iostream>
      namespace fs = std::filesystem;

      int main()
      {
	  for (fs::path p : {"/var/tmp/example.txt", "/", "/var/tmp/."})
	      std::cout << "The parent path of " << p
			<< " is " << p.parent_path() << '\n';
      }

Possible output:
      The parent path of "/var/tmp/example.txt" is "/var/tmp"
      The parent path of "/" is "/"
      The parent path of "/var/tmp/." is "/var/tmp"

See also
	root_name      returns the root-name of the path, if present
		       (public member function)
	root_directory returns the root directory of the path, if present
		       (public member function)
	root_path      returns the root path of the path, if present
		       (public member function)

http://cppreference.com 	   2024.06.10	    std::filesy...parent_path(3)
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