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NAMED(8) NAMED(8) NAME named - Internet domain name server SYNOPSIS named [-4] [-6] [-c config-file] [-d debug-level] [-f] [-g] [-i pid-file] [-m flag] [-n #cpus] [-p port] [-s] [-t directory] [-u user] [-v] [-x cache-file] DESCRIPTION named is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035. When invoked without arguments, named will fork into two processes for privilege separation, chroot(2) to /var/named, read the default configura- tion file /var/named/etc/named.conf, read any initial data, and listen for queries. The privileged process will communicate with the child and bind(2) to privileged ports on its behalf. See CAVEATS section below. OPTIONS -4 Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6. -4 and -6 are mutually exclusive. -6 Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4. -4 and -6 are mutually exclusive. -c config-file Use config-file as the configuration file instead of the default, /etc/named.conf. To ensure that reloading the configuration file continues to work after the server has changed its working directory due to to a possible directory option in the configuration file, config-file should be an absolute pathname. -d debug-level Set the daemon's debug level to debug-level. Debugging traces from named become more verbose as the debug level increases. -f Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize). -g Run the server in the foreground and force all logging to stderr. -m flag Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are usage, trace, record, size, and mctx. These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DE- BUGXXXX flags described in <isc/mem.h>. -i pid-file Specifies the file that contains the process ID of named. The de- fault is /var/run/named.pid. -n #cpus Create #cpus worker threads to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified, named will try to determine the number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a single worker thread will be created. -p port Listen for queries on port port. If not specified, the default is port 53. -s Write memory usage statistics to stdout on exit. Note: This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release. -t directory Chroot to directory after processing the command line arguments, but before reading the configuration file. Warning: This option should be used in conjunction with the -u op- tion, as chrooting a process running as root doesn't enhance secu- rity on most systems; the way chroot(2) is defined allows a process with root privileges to escape a chroot jail. -u user Setuid to user after completing privileged operations, such as cre- ating sockets that listen on privileged ports. Note: On Linux, named uses the kernel's capability mechanism to drop all root privileges except the ability to bind(2) to a privileged port and set process resource limits. Unfortunately, this means that the -u option only works when named is run on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges to be retained after setuid(2). -v Report the version number and exit. -x cache-file Load data from cache-file into the cache of the default view. Warning: This option must not be used. It is only of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release. SIGNALS In routine operation, signals should not be used to control the nameserver; rndc should be used instead. SIGHUP Force a reload of the server. SIGINT, SIGTERM Shut down the server. The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined. CONFIGURATION The named configuration file is too complex to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided in the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Man- ual. CAVEATS named runs privilege separated for binding the privileged ports after an interface or address change. The privileged process will only allow named to bind(2) to default ports. Make sure you use unprivileged (>1024) ports if you change any of the default ports in named's configuration or on the command-line. FILES /etc/named.conf The default configuration file. /var/run/named.pid The default process-id file. SEE ALSO RFC 1033, RFC 1034, RFC 1035, named-checkconf(8), named-checkzone(8), rndc(8), lwresd(8), named.conf(5), BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. AUTHOR Internet Systems Consortium June 30, 2000 NAMED(8)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | SIGNALS | CONFIGURATION | CAVEATS | FILES | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR
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