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LS(1)				       FSF				   LS(1)

NAME
     ls - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS
     ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
     List  information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).  Sort
     entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.

     Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

     -a, --all
	    do not hide entries starting with .

     -A, --almost-all
	    do not list implied . and ..

     --author
	    print the author of each file

     -b, --escape
	    print octal escapes for nongraphic characters

     --block-size=SIZE
	    use SIZE-byte blocks

     -B, --ignore-backups
	    do not list implied entries ending with ~

     -c     with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time  of  last	modification  of
	    file status information) with -l: show ctime and sort by name other-
	    wise: sort by ctime

     -C     list entries by columns

     --color[=WHEN]
	    control  whether  color is used to distinguish file types.	WHEN may
	    be `never', `always', or `auto'

     -d, --directory
	    list directory entries instead of contents

     -D, --dired
	    generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

     -f     do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst

     -F, --classify
	    append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries

     --format=WORD
	    across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, ver-
	    bose -l, vertical -C

     --full-time
	    like -l --time-style=full-iso

     -g     like -l, but do not list owner

     -G, --no-group
	    inhibit display of group information

     -h, --human-readable
	    print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

     --si   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

     -H, --dereference-command-line
	    follow symbolic links on the command line

     --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
	    none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p)

     -i, --inode
	    print index number of each file

     -I, --ignore=PATTERN
	    do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

     -k     like --block-size=1K

     -l     use a long listing format

     -L, --dereference
	    when showing file information for a symbolic link, show  information
	    for the file the link references rather than for the link itself

     -m     fill width with a comma separated list of entries

     -n, --numeric-uid-gid
	    like -l, but list numeric UIDs and GIDs

     -N, --literal
	    print  raw	entry  names  (don't  treat e.g. control characters spe-
	    cially)

     -o     like -l, but do not list group information

     -p, --file-type
	    append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries

     -q, --hide-control-chars
	    print ? instead of non graphic characters

     --show-control-chars
	    show non graphic characters as-is (default unless  program	is  `ls'
	    and output is a terminal)

     -Q, --quote-name
	    enclose entry names in double quotes

     --quoting-style=WORD
	    use  quoting  style  WORD  for  entry names: literal, locale, shell,
	    shell-always, c, escape

     -r, --reverse
	    reverse order while sorting

     -R, --recursive
	    list subdirectories recursively

     -s, --size
	    print size of each file, in blocks

     -S     sort by file size

     --sort=WORD
	    extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t, version -v

	    status -c, time -t, atime -u, access -u, use -u

     --time=WORD
	    show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access,  use,
	    ctime or status; use specified time as sort key if --sort=time

     --time-style=STYLE
	    show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FOR-
	    MAT

	    FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FOR-
	    MAT2,  FORMAT1  applies  to  non-recent  files and FORMAT2 to recent
	    files; if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE takes  effect  only
	    outside the POSIX locale

     -t     sort by modification time

     -T, --tabsize=COLS
	    assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

     -u     with  -lt:	sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access time
	    and sort by name otherwise: sort by access time

     -U     do not sort; list entries in directory order

     -v     sort by version

     -w, --width=COLS
	    assume screen width instead of current value

     -x     list entries by lines instead of by columns

     -X     sort alphabetically by entry extension

     -1     list one file per line

     --help
	    display this help and exit

     --version
	    output version information and exit

     SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
     kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1,000,000, M 1,048,576, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.

     By default, color is not used to  distinguish  types  of  files.	That  is
     equivalent to using --color=none.	Using the --color option without the op-
     tional   WHEN   argument  is  equivalent  to  using  --color=always.   With
     --color=auto, color codes are output only if standard output  is  connected
     to a terminal (tty).

AUTHOR
     Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS
     Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.

COPYRIGHT
     Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     This  is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
     warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO
     The full documentation for ls is maintained as a Texinfo  manual.	 If  the
     info and ls programs are properly installed at your site, the command

	    info ls

     should give you access to the complete manual.

ls (coreutils) 4.5.3		  February 2003 			   LS(1)
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