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BLENDER(1) General Commands Manual BLENDER(1) NAME blender - a full-featured 3D application SYNOPSIS blender [args ...] [file] [args ...] DESCRIPTION blender is a full-featured 3D application. It supports the entirety of the 3D pipeline - modeling, rigging, animation, simulation, rendering, compositing, motion tracking, and video editing. Use Blender to create 3D images and animations, films and commercials, content for games, architectural and industrial visualizations, and scientific visualizations. https://www.blender.org OPTIONS Usage: blender [args ...] [file] [args ...] Render Options: -b or --background Run in background (often used for UI-less rendering). The audio device is disabled in background-mode by default and can be re-enabled by passing in '-setaudo Default' after- wards. -a or --render-anim Render frames from start to end (inclusive). -S or --scene <name> Set the active scene <name> for rendering. -f or --render-frame <frame> Render frame <frame> and save it. * +<frame> start frame relative, -<frame> end frame relative. * A comma separated list of frames can also be used (no spaces). * A range of frames can be expressed using '..' separator be- tween the first and last frames (inclusive). -s or --frame-start <frame> Set start to frame <frame>, supports +/- for relative frames too. -e or --frame-end <frame> Set end to frame <frame>, supports +/- for relative frames too. -j or --frame-jump <frames> Set number of frames to step forward after each rendered frame. -o or --render-output <path> Set the render path and file name. Use '//' at the start of the path to render relative to the blend-file. The '#' characters are replaced by the frame number, and used to define zero padding. * 'animation_##_test.png' becomes 'animation_01_test.png' * 'test-######.png' becomes 'test-000001.png' When the filename does not contain '#', the suffix '####' is added to the filename. The frame number will be added at the end of the filename, eg: # blender -b animation.blend -o //render_ -F PNG -x 1 -a '//render_' becomes '//render_####', writing frames as '//ren- der_0001.png' -E or --engine <engine> Specify the render engine. Use '-E help' to list available engines. -t or --threads <threads> Use amount of <threads> for rendering and other operations [1-1024], 0 to use the systems processor count. Cycles Render Options: Cycles add-on options must be specified following a double dash. --cycles-device <device> Set the device used for rendering. Valid options are: 'CPU' 'CUDA' 'OPTIX' 'HIP' 'ONEAPI' 'METAL'. Append +CPU to a GPU device to render on both CPU and GPU. Example: # blender -b file.blend -f 20 -- --cycles-device OPTIX --cycles-print-stats Log statistics about render memory and time usage. Format Options: -F or --render-format <format> Set the render format. Valid options are: 'TGA' 'RAWTGA' 'JPEG' 'IRIS' 'AVIRAW' 'AVIJPEG' 'PNG' 'BMP' 'HDR' 'TIFF'. Formats that can be compiled into Blender, not available on all systems: 'OPEN_EXR' 'OPEN_EXR_MULTILAYER' 'FFMPEG' 'CINEON' 'DPX' 'JP2' 'WEBP'. -x or --use-extension <bool> Set option to add the file extension to the end of the file. Animation Playback Options: -a <options> <file(s)> Instead of showing Blender's user interface, this runs Blender as an animation player, to view movies and image sequences rendered in Blender (ignored if '-b' is set). Playback Arguments: -p <sx> <sy> Open with lower left corner at <sx>, <sy>. -m Read from disk (Do not buffer). -f <fps> <fps_base> Specify FPS to start with. -j <frame> Set frame step to <frame>. -s <frame> Play from <frame>. -e <frame> Play until <frame>. -c <cache_memory> Amount of memory in megabytes to allow for caching images dur- ing playback. Zero disables (clamping to a fixed number of frames instead). Window Options: -w or --window-border Force opening with borders. -W or --window-fullscreen Force opening in full-screen mode. -p or --window-geometry <sx> <sy> <w> <h> Open with lower left corner at <sx>, <sy> and width and height as <w>, <h>. -M or --window-maximized Force opening maximized. -con or --start-console Start with the console window open (ignored if '-b' is set), (Windows only). --no-native-pixels Do not use native pixel size, for high resolution displays (Mac- Book 'Retina'). --no-window-focus Open behind other windows and without taking focus. Python Options: -y or --enable-autoexec Enable automatic Python script execution. -Y or --disable-autoexec Disable automatic Python script execution (Python-drivers & startup scripts), (default). -P or --python <filepath> Run the given Python script file. --python-text <name> Run the given Python script text block. --python-expr <expression> Run the given expression as a Python script. --python-console Run Blender with an interactive console. --python-exit-code <code> Set the exit-code in [0..255] to exit if a Python exception is raised (only for scripts executed from the command line), zero dis- ables. --python-use-system-env Allow Python to use system environment variables such as 'PYTHONPATH' and the user site-packages directory. --addons <addon(s)> Comma separated list (no spaces) of add-ons to enable in addi- tion to any default add-ons. Network Options: --online-mode Allow internet access, overriding the preference. --offline-mode Disallow internet access, overriding the preference. Logging Options: --log <match> Enable logging categories, taking a single comma separated argu- ment. Multiple categories can be matched using a '.*' suffix, so '--log "wm.*"' logs every kind of window-manager message. Sub-string can be matched using a '*' prefix and suffix, so '--log "*undo*"' logs every kind of undo-related message. Use "^" prefix to ignore, so '--log "*,^wm.operator.*"' logs all except for 'wm.operators.*' Use "*" to log everything. --log-level <level> Set the logging verbosity level (higher for more details) de- faults to 1, use -1 to log all levels. --log-show-basename Only show file name in output (not the leading path). --log-show-backtrace Show a back trace for each log message (debug builds only). --log-show-timestamp Show a timestamp for each log message in seconds since start. --log-file <filepath> Set a file to output the log to. Debug Options: -d or --debug Turn debugging on. * Enables memory error detection * Disables mouse grab (to interact with a debugger in some cases) * Keeps Python's 'sys.stdin' rather than setting it to None --debug-value <value> Set debug value of <value> on startup. --debug-events Enable debug messages for the event system. --debug-ffmpeg Enable debug messages from FFmpeg library. --debug-handlers Enable debug messages for event handling. --debug-libmv Enable debug messages from libmv library. --debug-cycles Enable debug messages from Cycles. --debug-memory Enable fully guarded memory allocation and debugging. --debug-jobs Enable time profiling for background jobs. --debug-python Enable debug messages for Python. --debug-depsgraph Enable all debug messages from dependency graph. --debug-depsgraph-eval Enable debug messages from dependency graph related on evalua- tion. --debug-depsgraph-build Enable debug messages from dependency graph related on graph construction. --debug-depsgraph-tag Enable debug messages from dependency graph related on tagging. --debug-depsgraph-no-threads Switch dependency graph to a single threaded evaluation. --debug-depsgraph-time Enable debug messages from dependency graph related on timing. --debug-depsgraph-pretty Enable colors for dependency graph debug messages. --debug-depsgraph-uid Verify validness of session-wide identifiers assigned to ID data-blocks. --debug-ghost Enable debug messages for Ghost (Linux only). --debug-wintab Enable debug messages for Wintab. --debug-gpu Enable GPU debug context and information for OpenGL 4.3+. --debug-gpu-force-workarounds Enable workarounds for typical GPU issues and disable all GPU extensions. --debug-gpu-compile-shaders Compile all statically defined shaders to test platform compati- bility. --debug-wm Enable debug messages for the window manager, shows all opera- tors in search, shows keymap errors. --debug-all Enable all debug messages. --debug-io Enable debug messages for I/O (Collada, ...). --debug-fpe Enable floating-point exceptions. --debug-exit-on-error Immediately exit when internal errors are detected. --debug-freestyle Enable debug messages for Freestyle. --disable-crash-handler Disable the crash handler. --disable-abort-handler Disable the abort handler. --verbose <verbose> Set the logging verbosity level for debug messages that support it. GPU Options: --gpu-backend Force to use a specific GPU backend. Valid options: 'opengl'. --gpu-compilation-subprocesses Override the Max Compilation Subprocesses setting (OpenGL only). Misc Options: --open-last Open the most recently opened blend file, instead of the default startup file. --app-template <template> Set the application template (matching the directory name), use 'default' for none. --factory-startup Skip reading the 'startup.blend' in the users home directory. --enable-event-simulate Enable event simulation testing feature 'bpy.types.Win- dow.event_simulate'. --env-system-datafiles Set the BLENDER_SYSTEM_DATAFILES environment variable. --env-system-scripts Set the BLENDER_SYSTEM_SCRIPTS environment variable. --env-system-extensions Set the BLENDER_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS environment variable. --env-system-python Set the BLENDER_SYSTEM_PYTHON environment variable. -noaudio Force sound system to None. -setaudio Force sound system to a specific device. 'None' 'Default' 'SDL' 'OpenAL' 'CoreAudio' 'JACK' 'PulseAudio' 'WASAPI'. -c or --command <command> Run a command which consumes all remaining arguments. Use '-c help' to list all other commands. Pass '--help' after the command to see its help text. This implies '--background' mode. -h or --help Print this help text and exit. /? Print this help text and exit (Windows only). -r or --register Register blend-file extension for current user, then exit (Win- dows & Linux only). --register-allusers Register blend-file extension for all users, then exit (Windows & Linux only). --unregister Unregister blend-file extension for current user, then exit (Windows & Linux only). --unregister-allusers Unregister blend-file extension for all users, then exit (Win- dows & Linux only). -v or --version Print Blender version and exit. -- End option processing, following arguments passed unchanged. Ac- cess via Python's 'sys.argv'. Argument Parsing: Arguments must be separated by white space, eg: # blender -ba test.blend ...will exit since '-ba' is an unknown argument. Argument Order: Arguments are executed in the order they are given. eg: # blender --background test.blend --render-frame 1 --render-output "/tmp" ...will not render to '/tmp' because '--render-frame 1' renders be- fore the output path is set. # blender --background --render-output /tmp test.blend --render-frame 1 ...will not render to '/tmp' because loading the blend-file over- writes the render output that was set. # blender --background test.blend --render-output /tmp --render-frame 1 ...works as expected. ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES $BLENDER_USER_RESOURCES Replace default directory of all user files. Other 'BLENDER_USER_*' variables override when set. $BLENDER_USER_CONFIG Directory for user configuration files. $BLENDER_USER_SCRIPTS Directory for user scripts. $BLENDER_USER_EXTENSIONS Directory for user extensions. $BLENDER_USER_DATAFILES Directory for user data files (icons, trans- lations, ..). $BLENDER_SYSTEM_RESOURCES Replace default directory of all bundled resource files. $BLENDER_SYSTEM_SCRIPTS Directory to add more bundled scripts. $BLENDER_SYSTEM_EXTENSIONS Directory for system extensions reposi- tory. $BLENDER_SYSTEM_DATAFILES Directory to replace bundled datafiles. $BLENDER_SYSTEM_PYTHON Directory to replace bundled Python li- braries. $OCIO Path to override the OpenColorIO configu- ration file. $TMPDIR Store temporary files here (UNIX Systems). The path must reference an existing direc- tory or it will be ignored. SEE ALSO luxrender(1) AUTHORS This manpage was written for a Debian GNU/Linux system by Daniel Mester <mester@uni-bremen.de> and updated by Cyril Brulebois <cyril.brule- bois@enst-bretagne.fr> and Dan Eicher <dan@trollwerks.org>. Blender 4.2.0 April 17, 2025 BLENDER(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | SEE ALSO | AUTHORS
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