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DEBOOTSTRAP(8) Debian GNU/Linux manual DEBOOTSTRAP(8) NAME debootstrap - Bootstrap a basic Debian system SYNOPSIS debootstrap [OPTION...] SUITE TARGET [MIRROR [SCRIPT]] debootstrap [OPTION...] --second-stage DESCRIPTION debootstrap bootstraps a basic Debian system of SUITE into TARGET from MIRROR by running SCRIPT. MIRROR can be an http:// or https:// URL, a file:/// URL, or an ssh:/// URL. The SUITE may be a release code name (eg, sid, stretch, jessie) or a symbolic name (eg, unstable, testing, stable, oldstable) Notice that file:/ URLs are translated to file:/// (correct scheme as described in RFC1738 for local filenames), and file:// will not work. ssh://USER@HOST/PATH URLs are retrieved using scp; use of ssh-agent or similar is strongly recommended. Debootstrap can be used to install Debian in a system without using an installation disk but can also be used to run a different Debian flavor in a chroot environment. This way you can create a full (minimal) De- bian installation which can be used for testing purposes (see the EXAM- PLES section). If you are looking for a chroot system to build pack- ages please take a look at pbuilder. OPTIONS --arch=ARCH Set the target architecture (use if dpkg isn't installed). See also --foreign. --include=alpha,beta Comma separated list of packages which will be added to download and extract lists. --exclude=alpha,beta Comma separated list of packages which will be removed from download and extract lists. WARNING: you can and probably will exclude essential packages, be careful using this option. --extra-suites=alpha,beta Also use packages from the listed suites of the archive. --components=alpha,beta Use packages from the listed components of the archive. --no-resolve-deps By default, debootstrap will attempt to automatically resolve any missing dependencies, warning if any are found. Note that this is not a complete dependency resolve in the sense of dpkg or apt, and that it is far better to specify the entire base system than rely on this option. With this option set, this be- haviour is disabled. --log-extra-deps If you want to record additional dependencies when resolving package dependencies, set this option to track them through de- bootstrap.log. --variant=minbase|buildd|fakechroot Name of the bootstrap script variant to use. Currently, the variants supported are minbase, which only includes required packages and apt; buildd, which installs the build-essential packages and fakechroot, which installs the packages without root privileges. The default, with no --variant=X argument, is to create a base Debian installation with all packages of prior- ity required and important, including apt. --merged-usr Create /{bin,sbin,lib}/ symlinks pointing to their counterparts in /usr/. (Default for most variants and suites.) --no-merged-usr Do not create /{bin,sbin,lib}/ symlinks pointing to their coun- terparts in /usr/. (Default for the buildd variant of Debian 12 'bookworm' or older, and all variants of Debian 9 'stretch' or older.) --keyring=KEYRING Override the default keyring for the distribution being boot- strapped, and use KEYRING to check signatures of retrieved Re- lease files. --no-check-gpg Disables checking gpg signatures of retrieved Release files. --force-check-gpg Forces checking Release file signatures, disabling automatic fallback to HTTPS in case of a missing keyring. Incompatible with the previous option. --verbose Produce more info about downloading. --print-debs Print the packages to be installed, and exit. Note that an empty or non-existing TARGET directory must be specified so that debootstrap can download Packages files to determine which pack- ages should be installed, and to resolve dependencies. The TAR- GET directory will be deleted unless --keep-debootstrap-dir is specified. --download-only Download packages, but don't perform installation. --foreign Do the initial unpack phase of bootstrapping only, for example if the target architecture does not match the host architecture. A copy of debootstrap sufficient for completing the bootstrap process will be installed as /debootstrap/debootstrap in the target filesystem. You can run it with the --second-stage op- tion to complete the bootstrapping process. --second-stage Complete the bootstrapping process. Other arguments are gener- ally not needed. --second-stage-target=DIR Run second stage in a subdirectory instead of root. (can be used to create a foreign chroot) (requires --second-stage) --keep-debootstrap-dir Don't delete the /debootstrap directory in the target after com- pleting the installation. --cache-dir=DIR Cache .deb files under directory. It should be an absolute path. --unpack-tarball=FILE Acquire .debs from gzipped tarball FILE (specified with absolute path) instead of downloading via HTTP(S). --make-tarball=FILE Instead of bootstrapping, make a gzipped tarball (written to FILE) of the downloaded packages. The resulting tarball may be passed to a later --unpack-tarball. Note that an empty or non- existing TARGET directory must be specified so that debootstrap can download packages to prepare the tarball. The TARGET direc- tory will be deleted unless --keep-debootstrap-dir is specified. --debian-installer Used for internal purposes by the debian-installer --extractor=TYPE Override automatic .deb extractor selection to TYPE. Supported extractors are: dpkg-deb and ar. --no-check-certificate Do not check certificate against certificate authorities --certificate=FILE Use the client certificate stored in file (PEM) --private-key=FILE Read the private key from file --inrelease-path Determine the path to the InRelease file of the suite relative to the normal position of an InRelease file EXAMPLES To setup a stretch system: debootstrap stretch ./stretch-chroot http://deb.debian.org/debian debootstrap stretch ./stretch-chroot file:///LOCAL_MIRROR/debian Full process to create a complete Debian installation of sid (unstable) in a chroot: main # debootstrap sid sid-root http://deb.debian.org/debian/ [ ... watch it download the whole system ] main # echo "proc sid-root/proc proc defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab main # mount proc sid-root/proc -t proc main # echo "sysfs sid-root/sys sysfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab main # mount sysfs sid-root/sys -t sysfs main # cp /etc/hosts sid-root/etc/hosts main # chroot sid-root /bin/bash AUTHOR debootstrap was written by Anthony Towns <ajt@debian.org>. This man- page was written by Matt Kraai <kraai@debian.org>. Debian Project 2001-04-27 DEBOOTSTRAP(8)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | EXAMPLES | AUTHOR
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