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DVIPS(1)		    General Commands Manual		      DVIPS(1)

NAME
       dvips - convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript

SYNOPSIS
       dvips [OPTIONS] file[.dvi]

DESCRIPTION
       THIS MAN	PAGE IS	OBSOLETE!  See the Texinfo documentation instead.  You
       can read	it either in Emacs or with the standalone info program.

       The  program  dvips  takes a DVI	file file[.dvi]	produced by TeX	(or by
       some other processor such as GFtoDVI) and converts  it  to  PostScript,
       sending	the  output  to	a file or directly to a	printer.  The DVI file
       may be specified	without	the .dvi extension.  Fonts used	may either  be
       resident	 in  the printer or defined as bitmaps in PK files, or a `vir-
       tual' combination of both.  If the mktexpk program is installed,	 dvips
       will automatically invoke METAFONT to generate fonts that don't already
       exist.

       For  more  information, see the Texinfo manual dvips.texi, which	should
       be installed somewhere on your system, hopefully	accessible through the
       standard	Info tree.

OPTIONS
       -a     Conserve memory by making	three passes over the  .dvi  file  in-
	      stead  of	 two  and only loading those characters	actually used.
	      Generally	only useful on machines	with a very limited amount  of
	      memory, like some	PCs.

       -A     Print only odd pages (TeX	pages, not sequence pages).

       -b num Generate	num copies of each page, but duplicating the page body
	      rather than using	the #numcopies option.	This can be useful  in
	      conjunction  with	 a  header  file setting \bop-hook to do color
	      separations or other neat	tricks.

       -B     Print only even pages (TeX pages,	not sequence pages).

       -c num Generate num copies of every page.  Default is 1.	 (For collated
	      copies, see the -C option	below.)

       -C num Create num copies, but collated (by replicating the data in  the
	      PostScript  file).  Slower than the -c option, but easier	on the
	      hands, and faster	than resubmitting  the	same  PostScript  file
	      multiple times.

       -d num Set  the	debug flags.  This is intended only for	emergencies or
	      for unusual fact-finding expeditions; it will work only if dvips
	      has been compiled	with the DEBUG option.	If nonzero, prints ad-
	      ditional information on standard error.	For  maximum  informa-
	      tion,  you  can use `-1'.	 See the Dvips Texinfo manual for more
	      details.

       -D num Set the resolution in dpi	(dots per inch)	to num.	 This  affects
	      the  choice  of  bitmap fonts that are loaded and	also the posi-
	      tioning of letters in resident PostScript	fonts. Must be between
	      10 and 10000.  This affects both	the  horizontal	 and  vertical
	      resolution.   If	a  high	resolution (something greater than 400
	      dpi, say)	is selected, the -Z flag should	probably also be used.

       -e num Make sure	that each character is placed at most this many	pixels
	      from its `true' resolution-independent position on the page. The
	      default value of this parameter is resolution dependent.	Allow-
	      ing  individual  characters  to  `drift'	from  their  correctly
	      rounded  positions by a few pixels, while	regaining the true po-
	      sition at	the beginning of each new word,	improves  the  spacing
	      of letters in words.

       -E     makes dvips attempt to generate an EPSF file with	a tight	bound-
	      ing  box.	  This only works on one-page files, and it only looks
	      at marks made by characters  and	rules,	not  by	 any  included
	      graphics.	  In  addition,	it gets	the glyph metrics from the tfm
	      file, so characters that lie outside their enclosing tfm box may
	      confuse it.  In addition,	the bounding box might be  a  bit  too
	      loose  if	the character glyph has	significant left or right side
	      bearings.	 Nonetheless, this  option  works  well	 for  creating
	      small EPSF files for equations or	tables or the like.  (Note, of
	      course,  that dvips output is resolution dependent and thus does
	      not make very good EPSF files, especially	if the images  are  to
	      be scaled; use these EPSF	files with a great deal	of care.)

       -f     Run  as  a  filter.   Read the .dvi file from standard input and
	      write the	PostScript to standard	output.	  The  standard	 input
	      must  be	seekable,  so  it cannot be a pipe.  If	you must use a
	      pipe, write a shell script that copies the pipe output to	a tem-
	      porary file and then points dvips	at  this  file.	  This	option
	      also  disables  the automatic reading of the PRINTER environment
	      variable,	and turns off the automatic sending of control D if it
	      was turned on with the -F	option or in the  configuration	 file;
	      use -F after this	option if you want both.

       -F     Causes  Control-D	(ASCII code 4) to be appended as the very last
	      character	of the PostScript file.	 This is useful	when dvips  is
	      driving  the  printer  directly  instead	of  working  through a
	      spooler, as is common on extremely small systems.	 NOTE! DO  NOT
	      USE THIS OPTION!

       -G     Causes dvips to shift non-printing characters to higher-numbered
	      positions.  This may be useful sometimes.

       -h name
	      Prepend file name	as an additional header	file. (However,	if the
	      name  is	simply `-' suppress all	header files from the output.)
	      This header file gets added to the PostScript userdict.

       -i     Make each	section	be a separate  file.   Under  certain  circum-
	      stances,	dvips will split the document up into `sections' to be
	      processed	independently; this is most often done for memory rea-
	      sons.  Using this	option tells dvips to place each section  into
	      a	 separate  file;  the new file names are created replacing the
	      suffix of	the supplied output file name  by  a  three-digit  se-
	      quence  number.	This  option is	most often used	in conjunction
	      with the -S option which sets  the  maximum  section  length  in
	      pages.   For  instance,  some phototypesetters cannot print more
	      than ten or so consecutive pages before running  out  of	steam;
	      these  options  can  be  used to automatically split a book into
	      ten-page sections, each to its own file.

       -j     Download only needed characters from Type	1 fonts. This  is  the
	      default in the current release.  Some debugging flags trace this
	      operation.   You	can also control partial downloading on	a per-
	      font basis, via the psfonts.map file.

       -k     Print crop marks.	 This option increases the paper  size	(which
	      should  be  specified,  either with a paper size special or with
	      the -T option) by	a half inch in each dimension.	It  translates
	      each  page  by  a	quarter	inch and draws cross-style crop	marks.
	      It is mostly useful with typesetters that	can set	the page  size
	      automatically.

       -K     This  option  causes  comments  in included PostScript graphics,
	      font files, and headers to be removed.  This is sometimes	neces-
	      sary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript	 post-process-
	      ing  programs.  Specifically, the	%%Page comments, when left in,
	      often cause difficulties.	 Use of	this flag can cause  some  in-
	      cluded graphics to fail, since the PostScript header macros from
	      some software packages read portions of the input	stream line by
	      line,  searching for a particular	comment.  This option has been
	      turned off by default because PostScript previewers and spoolers
	      have been	getting	better.

       -l num The last page printed will be the	first one numbered num Default
	      is the last page in the document.	 If the	num is prefixed	by  an
	      equals  sign,  then  it  (and  any argument to the -p option) is
	      treated as a sequence number, rather than	 a  value  to  compare
	      with  \count0 values.  Thus, using -l =9 will end	with the ninth
	      page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually num-
	      bered.  On the other hand, if num	is suffixed by `.SEQ', the SE-
	      Qth occurrence of	num is used; for example, -l 99.2 says to  end
	      processing with the second page numbered 99 in the document.

       -m     Specify manual feed for printer.

       -mode mode
	      Use mode as the Metafont device name for path searching and font
	      generation.   This overrides any value from configuration	files.
	      With the default paths,  explicitly  specifying  the  mode  also
	      makes  the  program assume the fonts are in a subdirectory named
	      mode.

       -M     Turns off	the automatic font generation facility.	 If any	 fonts
	      are  missing, commands to	generate the fonts are appended	to the
	      file missfont.log	in the current directory; this file  can  then
	      be executed and deleted to create	the missing fonts.

       -n num At most num pages	will be	printed. Default is 100000.

       -N     Turns  off  structured comments; this might be necessary on some
	      systems that try to interpret PostScript comments	in weird ways,
	      or on some PostScript printers.  Old versions of	TranScript  in
	      particular cannot	handle modern Encapsulated PostScript.

       -noomega
	      This  will disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting
	      DVI files.  By default, the additional opcodes 129 and  134  are
	      recognized  by dvips as Omega or pTeX extensions and interpreted
	      as requests to set 2-byte	characters.

       -noptex
	      This will	disable	the use	of pTeX	extensions  when  interpreting
	      DVI  files.   By default,	the additional opcodes 130 and 135 are
	      recognized by dvips as pTeX extensions and  interpreted  as  re-
	      quests  to  set  3-byte characters, and 255 as request to	change
	      the typesetting direction.

	      The only drawback	is that	the virtual font array will (at	 least
	      temporarily)  require 65536 or more positions instead of the de-
	      fault 256	positions, i.e., the memory requirements of dvips will
	      be somewhat larger.  If you find this unacceptable or  encounter
	      another  problem	with  the  Omega  or  pTeX extensions, you can
	      switch off the pTeX extension by using -noptex, or both by using
	      -noomega (but please do send a bug report	if you find such prob-
	      lems - see the bug address in the	AUTHORS	section	below).

       -o name
	      The output will be sent to file name If no file  name  is	 given
	      (i.e.,  -o  is  last  on	the command line), the default name is
	      file.ps where the	.dvi file was called file.dvi; if this	option
	      isn't  given, any	default	in the configuration file is used.  If
	      the first	character of the supplied output file name is  an  ex-
	      clamation	 mark,	then the remainder will	be used	as an argument
	      to popen;	thus, specifying !lpr as the output file will automat-
	      ically queue the file for	printing.  This	option	also  disables
	      the  automatic  reading of the PRINTER environment variable, and
	      turns off	the automatic sending of control D if it was turned on
	      with the -F option or in the configuration file;	use  -F	 after
	      this option if you want both.

       -O offset
	      Move the origin by a certain amount.  The	offset is a comma-sep-
	      arated  pair of dimensions, such as .1in,-.3cm (in the same syn-
	      tax used in the papersize	special).  The origin of the  page  is
	      shifted from the default position	(of one	inch down, one inch to
	      the  right  from	the  upper  left  corner of the	paper) by this
	      amount.

       -p num Just like	-l but for the first page in the document.

       -pp pagelist
	      A	comma-separated	list of	pages and ranges (a-b) may  be	given,
	      which  will  be interpreted as \count0 values.  Pages not	speci-
	      fied will	not be printed.	 Multiple -pp options may be specified
	      or all pages and page ranges can be specified with one  -pp  op-
	      tion.

       -P printername
	      Sets  up the output for the appropriate printer.	This is	imple-
	      mented by	reading	in config.printername ,	which can then set the
	      output pipe (as in, !lpr -Pprintername as	well as	the font paths
	      and any other config.ps defaults for that	 printer  only.	  Note
	      that  config.ps  is  read	before config.printername In addition,
	      another file called ~/.dvipsrc is	searched for immediately after
	      config.ps; this file is intended for user	defaults.   If	no  -P
	      command  is  given, the environment variable PRINTER is checked.
	      If that variable exists, and a corresponding configuration  file
	      exists, that configuration file is read in.

       -q     Run  in  quiet mode.  Don't chatter about	pages converted, etc.;
	      report nothing but errors	to standard error.

       -r     Stack pages in reverse order.  Normally, page 1 will be  printed
	      first.

       -R[0|1|2]
	      Run  securely.   -R2  disables  both  shell command execution in
	      \special'{} (via backticks ` ) and config	files (via the	E  op-
	      tion),  and  opening  of	any absolute filenames.	 -R1 , the de-
	      fault, forbids shell escapes but allows absolute filenames.  -R0
	      allows both.  The	config file option is z

       -s     Causes the entire	global output to be enclosed in	a save/restore
	      pair.  This causes the file to not be truly conformant,  and  is
	      thus  not	 recommended,  but  is	useful	if you are driving the
	      printer directly and don't care too much about  the  portability
	      of the output.

       -S num Set  the maximum number of pages in each `section'.  This	option
	      is most commonly used with the -i	option;	see that documentation
	      above for	more information.

       -t papertype
	      This sets	the paper type to papertype.  The papertype should  be
	      defined in one of	the configuration files, along with the	appro-
	      priate  code  to select it.  (Currently known types include let-
	      ter, legal, ledger, a4, a3).  You	can also specify -t landscape,
	      which rotates a document by 90 degrees.  To  rotate  a  document
	      whose  size is not letter, you can use the -t option twice, once
	      for the page size, and once for landscape.  You should  not  use
	      any  -t  option  when  the DVI file already contains a papersize
	      special, as is done  by  some  LaTeX  packages,  notably	hyper-
	      ref.sty.

	      The  upper  left	corner of each page in the .dvi	file is	placed
	      one inch from the	left and one inch from the top.	 Use  of  this
	      option is	highly dependent on the	configuration file.  Note that
	      executing	 the  letter or	a4 or other PostScript operators cause
	      the document to be nonconforming and can cause it	not  to	 print
	      on  certain  printers, so	the paper size should not execute such
	      an operator if at	all possible.

       -T papersize
	      Set the paper size to the	given pair of dimensions.  This	option
	      takes its	arguments in the same style as -O.  It	overrides  any
	      paper size special in the	dvi file.

       -u psmapfile
	      Set  psmapfile  to  be  the  file	that dvips uses	for looking up
	      PostScript font aliases.	If psmapfile begins with a  +  charac-
	      ter,  then  the  rest of the name	is used	as the name of the map
	      file, and	the map	file is	appended to the	list of	map files (in-
	      stead of replacing the list).  In	either case, if	psmapfile  has
	      no extension, then .map is added at the end.

       -U     Disable  a  PostScript  virtual  memory saving optimization that
	      stores the character metric information in the same string  that
	      is used to store the bitmap information.	This is	only necessary
	      when  driving  the  Xerox	 4045  PostScript  interpreter.	 It is
	      caused by	a bug in that interpreter that results in `garbage' on
	      the bottom of each character.  Not recommended unless  you  must
	      drive this printer.

       -v     Print the	dvips version number and exit.

       -V     Download	non-resident  PostScript  fonts	 as bitmaps.  This re-
	      quires use of `gsftopk' or `pstopk'  or  some  other  such  pro-
	      gram(s)  in  order  to generate the required bitmap fonts; these
	      programs are supplied with dvips.

       -x num Set the magnification ratio to num/1000.	Overrides the magnifi-
	      cation specified in the .dvi  file.   Must  be  between  10  and
	      100000.  Instead of an integer, num may be a real	number for in-
	      creased precision.

       -X num Set the horizontal resolution in dots per	inch to	num.

       -y num Set  the magnification ratio to num/1000 times the magnification
	      specified	in the .dvi file.  See -x above.

       -Y num Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to num.

       -z     Pass html	hyperdvi specials through to the output	 for  eventual
	      distillation  into PDF.  This is not enabled by default to avoid
	      including	the header files unnecessarily,	and use	 of  temporary
	      files in creating	the output.

       -Z     Causes  bitmapped	 fonts	to be compressed before	they are down-
	      loaded, thereby reducing the size	of the	PostScript  font-down-
	      loading  information.   Especially useful	at high	resolutions or
	      when very	large fonts are	used.  Will slow down  printing	 some-
	      what, especially on early	68000-based PostScript printers.

SEE ALSO
       afm2tfm(1),    tex(1),	 mf(1),	   dvitype(1),	 lpr(1),   dvips.texi,
       https://tug.org/dvips.

ENVIRONMENT
       Dvipsk uses the same environment	variables and algorithms  for  finding
       font  files  as	TeX and	its friends do.	 See the documentation for the
       Kpathsea	library	for details.  (Repeating it here is too	cumbersome.)

       KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Trace Kpathsea lookups; set to -1 for complete tracing.

       PRINTER:	see above.

NOTES
       PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

AUTHOR
       Tomas Rokicki; extended to virtual fonts	by Don Knuth.  Path  searching
       and configuration modifications by Karl Berry.

       Maintained in TeX Live; please send bug reports or other	correspondence
       to tex-k@tug.org	(https://lists.tug.org/tex-k).

				24 October 2021			      DVIPS(1)

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