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FFMPEG-FORMATS(1) FFMPEG-FORMATS(1)

NAME
ffmpeg-formats - FFmpeg formats

DESCRIPTION
This document describes the supported formats (muxers and demuxers) pro-
vided by the libavformat library.

FORMAT OPTIONS
The libavformat library provides some generic global options, which can be
set on all the muxers and demuxers. In addition each muxer or demuxer may
support so-called private options, which are specific for that component.

Options may be set by specifying -option value in the FFmpeg tools, or by
setting the value explicitly in the "AVFormatContext" options or using the
libavutil/opt.h API for programmatic use.

The list of supported options follows:

avioflags flags (input/output)
Possible values:

direct
Reduce buffering.

probesize integer (input)
Set probing size in bytes, i.e. the size of the data to analyze to get
stream information. A higher value will enable detecting more informa-
tion in case it is dispersed into the stream, but will increase la-
tency. Must be an integer not lesser than 32. It is 5000000 by default.

max_probe_packets integer (input)
Set the maximum number of buffered packets when probing a codec. De-
fault is 2500 packets.

packetsize integer (output)
Set packet size.

fflags flags
Set format flags. Some are implemented for a limited number of formats.

Possible values for input files:

discardcorrupt
Discard corrupted packets.

fastseek
Enable fast, but inaccurate seeks for some formats.

genpts
Generate missing PTS if DTS is present.

igndts
Ignore DTS if PTS is also set. In case the PTS is set, the DTS
value is set to NOPTS. This is ignored when the "nofillin" flag is
set.

ignidx
Ignore index.

nobuffer
Reduce the latency introduced by buffering during initial input
streams analysis.

nofillin
Do not fill in missing values in packet fields that can be exactly
calculated.

noparse
Disable AVParsers, this needs "+nofillin" too.

sortdts
Try to interleave output packets by DTS. At present, available only
for AVIs with an index.

Possible values for output files:

autobsf
Automatically apply bitstream filters as required by the output
format. Enabled by default.

bitexact
Only write platform-, build- and time-independent data. This en-
sures that file and data checksums are reproducible and match be-
tween platforms. Its primary use is for regression testing.

flush_packets
Write out packets immediately.

shortest
Stop muxing at the end of the shortest stream. It may be needed to
increase max_interleave_delta to avoid flushing the longer streams
before EOF.

seek2any integer (input)
Allow seeking to non-keyframes on demuxer level when supported if set
to 1. Default is 0.

analyzeduration integer (input)
Specify how many microseconds are analyzed to probe the input. A higher
value will enable detecting more accurate information, but will in-
crease latency. It defaults to 5,000,000 microseconds = 5 seconds.

cryptokey hexadecimal string (input)
Set decryption key.

indexmem integer (input)
Set max memory used for timestamp index (per stream).

rtbufsize integer (input)
Set max memory used for buffering real-time frames.

fdebug flags (input/output)
Print specific debug info.

Possible values:

max_delay integer (input/output)
Set maximum muxing or demuxing delay in microseconds.

fpsprobesize integer (input)
Set number of frames used to probe fps.

audio_preload integer (output)
Set microseconds by which audio packets should be interleaved earlier.

chunk_duration integer (output)
Set microseconds for each chunk.

chunk_size integer (output)
Set size in bytes for each chunk.

err_detect, f_err_detect flags (input)
Set error detection flags. "f_err_detect" is deprecated and should be
used only via the ffmpeg tool.

Possible values:

crccheck
Verify embedded CRCs.

bitstream
Detect bitstream specification deviations.

buffer
Detect improper bitstream length.

explode
Abort decoding on minor error detection.

careful
Consider things that violate the spec and have not been seen in the
wild as errors.

compliant
Consider all spec non compliancies as errors.

aggressive
Consider things that a sane encoder should not do as an error.

max_interleave_delta integer (output)
Set maximum buffering duration for interleaving. The duration is ex-
pressed in microseconds, and defaults to 10000000 (10 seconds).

To ensure all the streams are interleaved correctly, libavformat will
wait until it has at least one packet for each stream before actually
writing any packets to the output file. When some streams are "sparse"
(i.e. there are large gaps between successive packets), this can result
in excessive buffering.

This field specifies the maximum difference between the timestamps of
the first and the last packet in the muxing queue, above which libav-
format will output a packet regardless of whether it has queued a
packet for all the streams.

If set to 0, libavformat will continue buffering packets until it has a
packet for each stream, regardless of the maximum timestamp difference
between the buffered packets.

use_wallclock_as_timestamps integer (input)
Use wallclock as timestamps if set to 1. Default is 0.

avoid_negative_ts integer (output)
Possible values:

make_non_negative
Shift timestamps to make them non-negative. Also note that this
affects only leading negative timestamps, and not non-monotonic
negative timestamps.

make_zero
Shift timestamps so that the first timestamp is 0.

auto (default)
Enables shifting when required by the target format.

disabled
Disables shifting of timestamp.

When shifting is enabled, all output timestamps are shifted by the same
amount. Audio, video, and subtitles desynching and relative timestamp
differences are preserved compared to how they would have been without
shifting.

skip_initial_bytes integer (input)
Set number of bytes to skip before reading header and frames if set to
1. Default is 0.

correct_ts_overflow integer (input)
Correct single timestamp overflows if set to 1. Default is 1.

flush_packets integer (output)
Flush the underlying I/O stream after each packet. Default is -1
(auto), which means that the underlying protocol will decide, 1 enables
it, and has the effect of reducing the latency, 0 disables it and may
increase IO throughput in some cases.

output_ts_offset offset (output)
Set the output time offset.

offset must be a time duration specification, see the Time duration
section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual.

The offset is added by the muxer to the output timestamps.

Specifying a positive offset means that the corresponding streams are
delayed bt the time duration specified in offset. Default value is 0
(meaning that no offset is applied).

format_whitelist list (input)
"," separated list of allowed demuxers. By default all are allowed.

dump_separator string (input)
Separator used to separate the fields printed on the command line about
the Stream parameters. For example, to separate the fields with new-
lines and indentation:

ffprobe -dump_separator "
" -i ~/videos/matrixbench_mpeg2.mpg

max_streams integer (input)
Specifies the maximum number of streams. This can be used to reject
files that would require too many resources due to a large number of
streams.

skip_estimate_duration_from_pts bool (input)
Skip estimation of input duration if it requires an additional probing
for PTS at end of file. At present, applicable for MPEG-PS and
MPEG-TS.

duration_probesize integer (input)
Set probing size, in bytes, for input duration estimation when it actu-
ally requires an additional probing for PTS at end of file (at present:
MPEG-PS and MPEG-TS). It is aimed at users interested in better dura-
tions probing for itself, or indirectly because using the concat de-
muxer, for example. The typical use case is an MPEG-TS CBR with a high
bitrate, high video buffering and ending cleaning with similar PTS for
video and audio: in such a scenario, the large physical gap between the
last video packet and the last audio packet makes it necessary to read
many bytes in order to get the video stream duration. Another use case
is where the default probing behaviour only reaches a single video
frame which is not the last one of the stream due to frame reordering,
so the duration is not accurate. Setting this option has a performance
impact even for small files because the probing size is fixed. Default
behaviour is a general purpose trade-off, largely adaptive, but the
probing size will not be extended to get streams durations at all
costs. Must be an integer not lesser than 1, or 0 for default behav-
iour.

strict, f_strict integer (input/output)
Specify how strictly to follow the standards. "f_strict" is deprecated
and should be used only via the ffmpeg tool.

Possible values:

verystrictly conform to an older more strict version of the spec or
reference software

strict
strictly conform to all the things in the spec no matter what con-
sequences

normal
unofficial
allow unofficial extensions

experimental
allow non standardized experimental things, experimental (unfin-
ished/work in progress/not well tested) decoders and encoders.
Note: experimental decoders can pose a security risk, do not use
this for decoding untrusted input.

Format stream specifiers
Format stream specifiers allow selection of one or more streams that match
specific properties.

The exact semantics of stream specifiers is defined by the avfor-
mat_match_stream_specifier() function declared in the libavformat/avfor-
mat.h header and documented in the Stream specifiers section in the ffm-
peg(1) manual.

DEMUXERS
Demuxers are configured elements in FFmpeg that can read the multimedia
streams from a particular type of file.

When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported demuxers are en-
abled by default. You can list all available ones using the configure op-
tion "--list-demuxers".

You can disable all the demuxers using the configure option "--disable-de-
muxers", and selectively enable a single demuxer with the option "--en-
able-demuxer=DEMUXER", or disable it with the option "--disable-demuxer=DE-
MUXER".

The option "-demuxers" of the ff* tools will display the list of enabled
demuxers. Use "-formats" to view a combined list of enabled demuxers and
muxers.

The description of some of the currently available demuxers follows.

aa
Audible Format 2, 3, and 4 demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux Audible Format 2, 3, and 4 (.aa) files.

aac
Raw Audio Data Transport Stream AAC demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux an ADTS input containing a single AAC stream
alongwith any ID3v1/2 or APE tags in it.

apng
Animated Portable Network Graphics demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux APNG files. All headers, but the PNG signa-
ture, up to (but not including) the first fcTL chunk are transmitted as ex-
tradata. Frames are then split as being all the chunks between two fcTL
ones, or between the last fcTL and IEND chunks.

-ignore_loop bool
Ignore the loop variable in the file if set. Default is enabled.

-max_fps int
Maximum framerate in frames per second. Default of 0 imposes no limit.

-default_fps int
Default framerate in frames per second when none is specified in the
file (0 meaning as fast as possible). Default is 15.

asf
Advanced Systems Format demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux ASF files and MMS network streams.

-no_resync_search bool
Do not try to resynchronize by looking for a certain optional start
code.

concat
Virtual concatenation script demuxer.

This demuxer reads a list of files and other directives from a text file
and demuxes them one after the other, as if all their packets had been
muxed together.

The timestamps in the files are adjusted so that the first file starts at 0
and each next file starts where the previous one finishes. Note that it is
done globally and may cause gaps if all streams do not have exactly the
same length.

All files must have the same streams (same codecs, same time base, etc.).

The duration of each file is used to adjust the timestamps of the next
file: if the duration is incorrect (because it was computed using the
bit-rate or because the file is truncated, for example), it can cause arti-
facts. The "duration" directive can be used to override the duration stored
in each file.

Syntax

The script is a text file in extended-ASCII, with one directive per line.
Empty lines, leading spaces and lines starting with '#' are ignored. The
following directive is recognized:

"file path"
Path to a file to read; special characters and spaces must be escaped
with backslash or single quotes.

All subsequent file-related directives apply to that file.

"ffconcat version 1.0"
Identify the script type and version.

To make FFmpeg recognize the format automatically, this directive must
appear exactly as is (no extra space or byte-order-mark) on the very
first line of the script.

"duration dur"
Duration of the file. This information can be specified from the file;
specifying it here may be more efficient or help if the information
from the file is not available or accurate.

If the duration is set for all files, then it is possible to seek in
the whole concatenated video.

"inpoint timestamp"
In point of the file. When the demuxer opens the file it instantly
seeks to the specified timestamp. Seeking is done so that all streams
can be presented successfully at In point.

This directive works best with intra frame codecs, because for non-in-
tra frame ones you will usually get extra packets before the actual In
point and the decoded content will most likely contain frames before In
point too.

For each file, packets before the file In point will have timestamps
less than the calculated start timestamp of the file (negative in case
of the first file), and the duration of the files (if not specified by
the "duration" directive) will be reduced based on their specified In
point.

Because of potential packets before the specified In point, packet
timestamps may overlap between two concatenated files.

"outpoint timestamp"
Out point of the file. When the demuxer reaches the specified decoding
timestamp in any of the streams, it handles it as an end of file condi-
tion and skips the current and all the remaining packets from all
streams.

Out point is exclusive, which means that the demuxer will not output
packets with a decoding timestamp greater or equal to Out point.

This directive works best with intra frame codecs and formats where all
streams are tightly interleaved. For non-intra frame codecs you will
usually get additional packets with presentation timestamp after Out
point therefore the decoded content will most likely contain frames af-
ter Out point too. If your streams are not tightly interleaved you may
not get all the packets from all streams before Out point and you may
only will be able to decode the earliest stream until Out point.

The duration of the files (if not specified by the "duration" direc-
tive) will be reduced based on their specified Out point.

"file_packet_metadata key=value"
Metadata of the packets of the file. The specified metadata will be set
for each file packet. You can specify this directive multiple times to
add multiple metadata entries. This directive is deprecated, use
"file_packet_meta" instead.

"file_packet_meta key value"
Metadata of the packets of the file. The specified metadata will be set
for each file packet. You can specify this directive multiple times to
add multiple metadata entries.

"option key value"
Option to access, open and probe the file. Can be present multiple
times.

"stream"
Introduce a stream in the virtual file. All subsequent stream-related
directives apply to the last introduced stream. Some streams proper-
ties must be set in order to allow identifying the matching streams in
the subfiles. If no streams are defined in the script, the streams
from the first file are copied.

"exact_stream_id id"
Set the id of the stream. If this directive is given, the string with
the corresponding id in the subfiles will be used. This is especially
useful for MPEG-PS (VOB) files, where the order of the streams is not
reliable.

"stream_meta key value"
Metadata for the stream. Can be present multiple times.

"stream_codec value"
Codec for the stream.

"stream_extradata hex_string"
Extradata for the string, encoded in hexadecimal.

"chapter id start end"
Add a chapter. id is an unique identifier, possibly small and consecu-
tive.

Options

This demuxer accepts the following option:

safeIf set to 1, reject unsafe file paths and directives. A file path is
considered safe if it does not contain a protocol specification and is
relative and all components only contain characters from the portable
character set (letters, digits, period, underscore and hyphen) and have
no period at the beginning of a component.

If set to 0, any file name is accepted.

The default is 1.

auto_convert
If set to 1, try to perform automatic conversions on packet data to
make the streams concatenable. The default is 1.

Currently, the only conversion is adding the h264_mp4toannexb bitstream
filter to H.264 streams in MP4 format. This is necessary in particular
if there are resolution changes.

segment_time_metadata
If set to 1, every packet will contain the lavf.concat.start_time and
the lavf.concat.duration packet metadata values which are the
start_time and the duration of the respective file segments in the con-
catenated output expressed in microseconds. The duration metadata is
only set if it is known based on the concat file. The default is 0.

Examples

* Use absolute filenames and include some comments:

# my first filename
file /mnt/share/file-1.wav
# my second filename including whitespace
file '/mnt/share/file 2.wav'
# my third filename including whitespace plus single quote
file '/mnt/share/file 3'\''.wav'

* Allow for input format auto-probing, use safe filenames and set the du-
ration of the first file:

ffconcat version 1.0

file file-1.wav
duration 20.0

file subdir/file-2.wav

dash
Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP demuxer.

This demuxer presents all AVStreams found in the manifest. By setting the
discard flags on AVStreams the caller can decide which streams to actually
receive. Each stream mirrors the "id" and "bandwidth" properties from the
"<Representation>" as metadata keys named "id" and "variant_bitrate" re-
spectively.

Options

This demuxer accepts the following option:

cenc_decryption_key
Default 16-byte key, in hex, to decrypt files encrypted using ISO Com-
mon Encryption (CENC/AES-128 CTR; ISO/IEC 23001-7).

cenc_decryption_keys
Dictionary of 16-byte key ID => 16-byte key, both in hex, to decrypt
files encrypted using ISO Common Encryption (CENC/AES-128 CTR; ISO/IEC
23001-7).

dvdvideo
DVD-Video demuxer, powered by libdvdnav and libdvdread.

Can directly ingest DVD titles, specifically sequential PGCs, into a con-
version pipeline. Menu assets, such as background video or audio, can also
be demuxed given the menu's coordinates (at best effort).

Block devices (DVD drives), ISO files, and directory structures are ac-
cepted. Activate with "-f dvdvideo" in front of one of these inputs.

This demuxer does NOT have decryption code of any kind. You are on your own
working with encrypted DVDs, and should not expect support on the matter.

Underlying playback is handled by libdvdnav, and structure parsing by libd-
vdread. FFmpeg must be built with GPL library support available as well as
the configure switches "--enable-libdvdnav" and "--enable-libdvdread".

You will need to provide either the desired "title number" or exact PGC/PG
coordinates. Many open-source DVD players and tools can aid in providing
this information. If not specified, the demuxer will default to title 1
which works for many discs. However, due to the flexibility of the format,
it is recommended to check manually. There are many discs that are au-
thored strangely or with invalid headers.

If the input is a real DVD drive, please note that there are some drives
which may silently fail on reading bad sectors from the disc, returning
random bits instead which is effectively corrupt data. This is especially
prominent on aging or rotting discs. A second pass and integrity checks
would be needed to detect the corruption. This is not an FFmpeg issue.

Background

DVD-Video is not a directly accessible, linear container format in the tra-
ditional sense. Instead, it allows for complex and programmatic playback of
carefully muxed MPEG-PS streams that are stored in headerless VOB files.
To the end-user, these streams are known simply as "titles", but the actual
logical playback sequence is defined by one or more "PGCs", or Program
Group Chains, within the title. The PGC is in turn comprised of multiple
"PGs", or Programs", which are the actual video segments (and for a typical
video feature, sequentially ordered). The PGC structure, along with stream
layout and metadata, are stored in IFO files that need to be parsed. PGCs
can be thought of as playlists in easier terms.

An actual DVD player relies on user GUI interaction via menus and an inter-
nal VM to drive the direction of demuxing. Generally, the user would either
navigate (via menus) or automatically be redirected to the PGC of their
choice. During this process and the subsequent playback, the DVD player's
internal VM also maintains a state and executes instructions that can cre-
ate jumps to different sectors during playback. This is why libdvdnav is
involved, as a linear read of the MPEG-PS blobs on the disc (VOBs) is not
enough to produce the right sequence in many cases.

There are many other DVD structures (a long subject) that will not be dis-
cussed here. NAV packets, in particular, are handled by this demuxer to
build accurate timing but not emitted as a stream. For a good high-level
understanding, refer to: <https://code.videolan.org/videolan/libdvd-
nav/-/blob/master/doc/dvd_structures>

Options

This demuxer accepts the following options:

title int
The title number to play. Must be set if pgc and pg are not set. Not
applicable to menus. Default is 0 (auto), which currently only selects
the first available title (title 1) and notifies the user about the im-
plications.

chapter_start int
The chapter, or PTT (part-of-title), number to start at. Not applicable
to menus. Default is 1.

chapter_end int
The chapter, or PTT (part-of-title), number to end at. Not applicable
to menus. Default is 0, which is a special value to signal end at the
last possible chapter.

angle int
The video angle number, referring to what is essentially an additional
video stream that is composed from alternate frames interleaved in the
VOBs. Not applicable to menus. Default is 1.

region int
The region code to use for playback. Some discs may use this to default
playback at a particular angle in different regions. This option will
not affect the region code of a real DVD drive, if used as an input.
Not applicable to menus. Default is 0, "world".

menu bool
Demux menu assets instead of navigating a title. Requires exact coordi-
nates of the menu (menu_lu, menu_vts, pgc, pg). Default is false.

menu_lu int
The menu language to demux. In DVD, menus are grouped by language. De-
fault is 1, the first language unit.

menu_vts int
The VTS where the menu lives, or 0 if it is a VMG menu (root-level).
Default is 1, menu of the first VTS.

pgc int
The entry PGC to start playback, in conjunction with pg. Alternative
to setting title. Chapter markers are not supported at this time.
Must be explicitly set for menus. Default is 0, automatically resolve
from value of title.

pg int
The entry PG to start playback, in conjunction with pgc. Alternative
to setting title. Chapter markers are not supported at this time. De-
fault is 1, the first PG of the PGC.

preindex bool
Enable this to have accurate chapter (PTT) markers and duration mea-
surement, which requires a slow second pass read in order to index the
chapter marker timestamps from NAV packets. This is non-ideal extra
work for real optical drives. It is recommended and faster to use this
option with a backup of the DVD structure stored on a hard drive. Not
compatible with pgc and pg. Default is 0, false.

trim bool
Skip padding cells (i.e. cells shorter than 1 second) from the begin-
ning. There exist many discs with filler segments at the beginning of
the PGC, often with junk data intended for controlling a real DVD
player's buffering speed and with no other material data value. Not
applicable to menus. Default is 1, true.

Examples

* Open title 3 from a given DVD structure:

ffmpeg -f dvdvideo -title 3 -i <path to DVD> ...

* Open chapters 3-6 from title 1 from a given DVD structure:

ffmpeg -f dvdvideo -chapter_start 3 -chapter_end 6 -title 1 -i <path to DVD> ...

* Open only chapter 5 from title 1 from a given DVD structure:

ffmpeg -f dvdvideo -chapter_start 5 -chapter_end 5 -title 1 -i <path to DVD> ...

* Demux menu with language 1 from VTS 1, PGC 1, starting at PG 1:

ffmpeg -f dvdvideo -menu 1 -menu_lu 1 -menu_vts 1 -pgc 1 -pg 1 -i <path to DVD> ...

ea
Electronic Arts Multimedia format demuxer.

This format is used by various Electronic Arts games.

Options

merge_alpha bool
Normally the VP6 alpha channel (if exists) is returned as a secondary
video stream, by setting this option you can make the demuxer return a
single video stream which contains the alpha channel in addition to the
ordinary video.

imf
Interoperable Master Format demuxer.

This demuxer presents audio and video streams found in an IMF Composition,
as specified in <https://doi.org/10.5594/SMPTE.ST2067-2.2020>.

ffmpeg [-assetmaps <path of ASSETMAP1>,<path of ASSETMAP2>,...] -i <path of CPL> ...

If "-assetmaps" is not specified, the demuxer looks for a file called AS-
SETMAP.xml in the same directory as the CPL.

flv, live_flv, kux
Adobe Flash Video Format demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux FLV files and RTMP network streams. In case
of live network streams, if you force format, you may use live_flv option
instead of flv to survive timestamp discontinuities. KUX is a flv variant
used on the Youku platform.

ffmpeg -f flv -i myfile.flv ...
ffmpeg -f live_flv -i rtmp://<any.server>/anything/key ....

-flv_metadata bool
Allocate the streams according to the onMetaData array content.

-flv_ignore_prevtag bool
Ignore the size of previous tag value.

-flv_full_metadata bool
Output all context of the onMetadata.

gif
Animated GIF demuxer.

It accepts the following options:

min_delay
Set the minimum valid delay between frames in hundredths of seconds.
Range is 0 to 6000. Default value is 2.

max_gif_delay
Set the maximum valid delay between frames in hundredth of seconds.
Range is 0 to 65535. Default value is 65535 (nearly eleven minutes),
the maximum value allowed by the specification.

default_delay
Set the default delay between frames in hundredths of seconds. Range
is 0 to 6000. Default value is 10.

ignore_loop
GIF files can contain information to loop a certain number of times (or
infinitely). If ignore_loop is set to 1, then the loop setting from the
input will be ignored and looping will not occur. If set to 0, then
looping will occur and will cycle the number of times according to the
GIF. Default value is 1.

For example, with the overlay filter, place an infinitely looping GIF over
another video:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ignore_loop 0 -i input.gif -filter_complex overlay=shortest=1 out.mkv

Note that in the above example the shortest option for overlay filter is
used to end the output video at the length of the shortest input file,
which in this case is input.mp4 as the GIF in this example loops infi-
nitely.

hls
HLS demuxer

Apple HTTP Live Streaming demuxer.

This demuxer presents all AVStreams from all variant streams. The id field
is set to the bitrate variant index number. By setting the discard flags on
AVStreams (by pressing 'a' or 'v' in ffplay), the caller can decide which
variant streams to actually receive. The total bitrate of the variant that
the stream belongs to is available in a metadata key named "variant_bi-
trate".

It accepts the following options:

live_start_index
segment index to start live streams at (negative values are from the
end).

prefer_x_start
prefer to use #EXT-X-START if it's in playlist instead of
live_start_index.

allowed_extensions
',' separated list of file extensions that hls is allowed to access.

extension_picky
This blocks disallowed extensions from probing It also requires all
available segments to have matching extensions to the format except
mpegts, which is always allowed. It is recommended to set the
whitelists correctly instead of depending on extensions Enabled by de-
fault.

max_reload
Maximum number of times a insufficient list is attempted to be re-
loaded. Default value is 1000.

m3u8_hold_counters
The maximum number of times to load m3u8 when it refreshes without new
segments. Default value is 1000.

http_persistent
Use persistent HTTP connections. Applicable only for HTTP streams. En-
abled by default.

http_multiple
Use multiple HTTP connections for downloading HTTP segments. Enabled
by default for HTTP/1.1 servers.

http_seekable
Use HTTP partial requests for downloading HTTP segments. 0 = disable,
1 = enable, -1 = auto, Default is auto.

seg_format_options
Set options for the demuxer of media segments using a list of key=value
pairs separated by ":".

seg_max_retry
Maximum number of times to reload a segment on error, useful when seg-
ment skip on network error is not desired. Default value is 0.

image2
Image file demuxer.

This demuxer reads from a list of image files specified by a pattern. The
syntax and meaning of the pattern is specified by the option pattern_type.

The pattern may contain a suffix which is used to automatically determine
the format of the images contained in the files.

The size, the pixel format, and the format of each image must be the same
for all the files in the sequence.

This demuxer accepts the following options:

framerate
Set the frame rate for the video stream. It defaults to 25.

loopIf set to 1, loop over the input. Default value is 0.

pattern_type
Select the pattern type used to interpret the provided filename.

pattern_type accepts one of the following values.

noneDisable pattern matching, therefore the video will only contain the
specified image. You should use this option if you do not want to
create sequences from multiple images and your filenames may con-
tain special pattern characters.

sequence
Select a sequence pattern type, used to specify a sequence of files
indexed by sequential numbers.

A sequence pattern may contain the string "%d" or "%0Nd", which
specifies the position of the characters representing a sequential
number in each filename matched by the pattern. If the form "%d0Nd"
is used, the string representing the number in each filename is
0-padded and N is the total number of 0-padded digits representing
the number. The literal character '%' can be specified in the pat-
tern with the string "%%".

If the sequence pattern contains "%d" or "%0Nd", the first filename
of the file list specified by the pattern must contain a number in-
clusively contained between start_number and start_num-
ber+start_number_range-1, and all the following numbers must be se-
quential.

For example the pattern "img-%03d.bmp" will match a sequence of
filenames of the form img-001.bmp, img-002.bmp, ..., img-010.bmp,
etc.; the pattern "i%%m%%g-%d.jpg" will match a sequence of file-
names of the form i%m%g-1.jpg, i%m%g-2.jpg, ..., i%m%g-10.jpg, etc.

Note that the pattern must not necessarily contain "%d" or "%0Nd",
for example to convert a single image file img.jpeg you can employ
the command:

ffmpeg -i img.jpeg img.png

globSelect a glob wildcard pattern type.

The pattern is interpreted like a glob() pattern. This is only se-
lectable if libavformat was compiled with globbing support.

Default value is sequence.

pixel_format
Set the pixel format of the images to read. If not specified the pixel
format is guessed from the first image file in the sequence.

start_number
Set the index of the file matched by the image file pattern to start to
read from. Default value is 0.

start_number_range
Set the index interval range to check when looking for the first image
file in the sequence, starting from start_number. Default value is 5.

ts_from_file
If set to 1, will set frame timestamp to modification time of image
file. Note that monotonity of timestamps is not provided: images go in
the same order as without this option. Default value is 0. If set to
2, will set frame timestamp to the modification time of the image file
in nanosecond precision.

video_size
Set the video size of the images to read. If not specified the video
size is guessed from the first image file in the sequence.

export_path_metadata
If set to 1, will add two extra fields to the metadata found in input,
making them also available for other filters (see drawtext filter for
examples). Default value is 0. The extra fields are described below:

lavf.image2dec.source_path
Corresponds to the full path to the input file being read.

lavf.image2dec.source_basename
Corresponds to the name of the file being read.

Examples

* Use ffmpeg for creating a video from the images in the file sequence
img-001.jpeg, img-002.jpeg, ..., assuming an input frame rate of 10
frames per second:

ffmpeg -framerate 10 -i 'img-%03d.jpeg' out.mkv

* As above, but start by reading from a file with index 100 in the se-
quence:

ffmpeg -framerate 10 -start_number 100 -i 'img-%03d.jpeg' out.mkv

* Read images matching the "*.png" glob pattern , that is all the files
terminating with the ".png" suffix:

ffmpeg -framerate 10 -pattern_type glob -i "*.png" out.mkv

libgme
The Game Music Emu library is a collection of video game music file emula-
tors.

See <https://bitbucket.org/mpyne/game-music-emu/overview> for more informa-
tion.

It accepts the following options:

track_index
Set the index of which track to demux. The demuxer can only export one
track. Track indexes start at 0. Default is to pick the first track.
Number of tracks is exported as tracks metadata entry.

sample_rate
Set the sampling rate of the exported track. Range is 1000 to 999999.
Default is 44100.

max_size (bytes)
The demuxer buffers the entire file into memory. Adjust this value to
set the maximum buffer size, which in turn, acts as a ceiling for the
size of files that can be read. Default is 50 MiB.

libmodplug
ModPlug based module demuxer

See <https://github.com/Konstanty/libmodplug>

It will export one 2-channel 16-bit 44.1 kHz audio stream. Optionally, a
"pal8" 16-color video stream can be exported with or without printed meta-
data.

It accepts the following options:

noise_reduction
Apply a simple low-pass filter. Can be 1 (on) or 0 (off). Default is 0.

reverb_depth
Set amount of reverb. Range 0-100. Default is 0.

reverb_delay
Set delay in ms, clamped to 40-250 ms. Default is 0.

bass_amount
Apply bass expansion a.k.a. XBass or megabass. Range is 0 (quiet) to
100 (loud). Default is 0.

bass_range
Set cutoff i.e. upper-bound for bass frequencies. Range is 10-100 Hz.
Default is 0.

surround_depth
Apply a Dolby Pro-Logic surround effect. Range is 0 (quiet) to 100
(heavy). Default is 0.

surround_delay
Set surround delay in ms, clamped to 5-40 ms. Default is 0.

max_size
The demuxer buffers the entire file into memory. Adjust this value to
set the maximum buffer size, which in turn, acts as a ceiling for the
size of files that can be read. Range is 0 to 100 MiB. 0 removes
buffer size limit (not recommended). Default is 5 MiB.

video_stream_expr
String which is evaluated using the eval API to assign colors to the
generated video stream. Variables which can be used are "x", "y", "w",
"h", "t", "speed", "tempo", "order", "pattern" and "row".

video_stream
Generate video stream. Can be 1 (on) or 0 (off). Default is 0.

video_stream_w
Set video frame width in 'chars' where one char indicates 8 pixels.
Range is 20-512. Default is 30.

video_stream_h
Set video frame height in 'chars' where one char indicates 8 pixels.
Range is 20-512. Default is 30.

video_stream_ptxt
Print metadata on video stream. Includes "speed", "tempo", "order",
"pattern", "row" and "ts" (time in ms). Can be 1 (on) or 0 (off). De-
fault is 1.

libopenmpt
libopenmpt based module demuxer

See <https://lib.openmpt.org/libopenmpt/> for more information.

Some files have multiple subsongs (tracks) this can be set with the subsong
option.

It accepts the following options:

subsong
Set the subsong index. This can be either 'all', 'auto', or the index
of the subsong. Subsong indexes start at 0. The default is 'auto'.

The default value is to let libopenmpt choose.

layout
Set the channel layout. Valid values are 1, 2, and 4 channel layouts.
The default value is STEREO.

sample_rate
Set the sample rate for libopenmpt to output. Range is from 1000 to
INT_MAX. The value default is 48000.

mcc
Demuxer for MacCaption MCC files, it supports MCC versions 1.0 and 2.0.
MCC files store VANC data, which can include closed captions (EIA-608 and
CEA-708), ancillary time code, pan-scan data, etc. By default, for back-
ward compatibility, the MCC demuxer extracts just the EIA-608 and CEA-708
closed captions and returns a "EIA_608" stream, ignoring all other VANC
data. You can change it to return all VANC data in a "SMPTE_436M_ANC" data
stream by setting -eia608_extract 0

Examples

* Convert a MCC file to Scenarist (SCC) format:

ffmpeg -i CC.mcc -c:s copy CC.scc

Note that the SCC format only supports EIA-608, so this will discard
all other data such as CEA-708 extensions.

* Merge a MCC file into a MXF file:

ffmpeg -i video_and_audio.mxf -eia608_extract 0 -i CC.mcc -c copy -map 0 -map 1 out.mxf

This retains all VANC data and inserts it into the output MXF file as a
"SMPTE_436M_ANC" data stream.

mov/mp4/3gp
Demuxer for Quicktime File Format & ISO/IEC Base Media File Format (ISO/IEC
14496-12 or MPEG-4 Part 12, ISO/IEC 15444-12 or JPEG 2000 Part 12).

Registered extensions: mov, mp4, m4a, 3gp, 3g2, mj2, psp, m4b, ism, ismv,
isma, f4v

Options

This demuxer accepts the following options:

enable_drefs
Enable loading of external tracks, disabled by default. Enabling this
can theoretically leak information in some use cases.

use_absolute_path
Allows loading of external tracks via absolute paths, disabled by de-
fault. Enabling this poses a security risk. It should only be enabled
if the source is known to be non-malicious.

seek_streams_individually
When seeking, identify the closest point in each stream individually
and demux packets in that stream from identified point. This can lead
to a different sequence of packets compared to demuxing linearly from
the beginning. Default is true.

ignore_editlist
Ignore any edit list atoms. The demuxer, by default, modifies the
stream index to reflect the timeline described by the edit list. De-
fault is false.

advanced_editlist
Modify the stream index to reflect the timeline described by the edit
list. "ignore_editlist" must be set to false for this option to be ef-
fective. If both "ignore_editlist" and this option are set to false,
then only the start of the stream index is modified to reflect initial
dwell time or starting timestamp described by the edit list. Default is
true.

ignore_chapters
Don't parse chapters. This includes GoPro 'HiLight' tags/moments. Note
that chapters are only parsed when input is seekable. Default is false.

use_mfra_for
For seekable fragmented input, set fragment's starting timestamp from
media fragment random access box, if present.

Following options are available:

autoAuto-detect whether to set mfra timestamps as PTS or DTS (default)

dts Set mfra timestamps as DTS

pts Set mfra timestamps as PTS

0 Don't use mfra box to set timestamps

use_tfdt
For fragmented input, set fragment's starting timestamp to "baseMedi-
aDecodeTime" from the "tfdt" box. Default is enabled, which will pre-
fer to use the "tfdt" box to set DTS. Disable to use the "earliest_pre-
sentation_time" from the "sidx" box. In either case, the timestamp
from the "mfra" box will be used if it's available and "use_mfra_for"
is set to pts or dts.

export_all
Export unrecognized boxes within the udta box as metadata entries. The
first four characters of the box type are set as the key. Default is
false.

export_xmp
Export entire contents of XMP_ box and uuid box as a string with key
"xmp". Note that if "export_all" is set and this option isn't, the con-
tents of XMP_ box are still exported but with key "XMP_". Default is
false.

activation_bytes
4-byte key required to decrypt Audible AAX and AAX+ files. See Audible
AAX subsection below.

audible_fixed_key
Fixed key used for handling Audible AAX/AAX+ files. It has been pre-set
so should not be necessary to specify.

decryption_key
Default 16-byte key, in hex, to decrypt files encrypted using ISO Com-
mon Encryption (CENC/AES-128 CTR; ISO/IEC 23001-7).

decryption_keys
Dictionary of 16-byte key ID => 16-byte key, both in hex, to decrypt
files encrypted using ISO Common Encryption (CENC/AES-128 CTR; ISO/IEC
23001-7).

max_stts_delta
Very high sample deltas written in a trak's stts box may occasionally
be intended but usually they are written in error or used to store a
negative value for dts correction when treated as signed 32-bit inte-
gers. This option lets the user set an upper limit, beyond which the
delta is clamped to 1. Values greater than the limit if negative when
cast to int32 are used to adjust onward dts.

Unit is the track time scale. Range is 0 to UINT_MAX. Default is
"UINT_MAX - 48000*10" which allows up to a 10 second dts correction for
48 kHz audio streams while accommodating 99.9% of "uint32" range.

interleaved_read
Interleave packets from multiple tracks at demuxer level. For badly in-
terleaved files, this prevents playback issues caused by large gaps be-
tween packets in different tracks, as MOV/MP4 do not have packet place-
ment requirements. However, this can cause excessive seeking on very
badly interleaved files, due to seeking between tracks, so disabling it
may prevent I/O issues, at the expense of playback.

Audible AAX

Audible AAX files are encrypted M4B files, and they can be decrypted by
specifying a 4 byte activation secret.

ffmpeg -activation_bytes 1CEB00DA -i test.aax -vn -c:a copy output.mp4

mpegts
MPEG-2 transport stream demuxer.

This demuxer accepts the following options:

resync_size
Set size limit for looking up a new synchronization. Default value is
65536.

skip_unknown_pmt
Skip PMTs for programs not defined in the PAT. Default value is 0.

fix_teletext_pts
Override teletext packet PTS and DTS values with the timestamps calcu-
lated from the PCR of the first program which the teletext stream is
part of and is not discarded. Default value is 1, set this option to 0
if you want your teletext packet PTS and DTS values untouched.

ts_packetsize
Output option carrying the raw packet size in bytes. Show the detected
raw packet size, cannot be set by the user.

scan_all_pmts
Scan and combine all PMTs. The value is an integer with value from -1
to 1 (-1 means automatic setting, 1 means enabled, 0 means disabled).
Default value is -1.

merge_pmt_versions
Reuse existing streams when a PMT's version is updated and elementary
streams move to different PIDs. Default value is 0.

max_packet_size
Set maximum size, in bytes, of packet emitted by the demuxer. Payloads
above this size are split across multiple packets. Range is 1 to
INT_MAX/2. Default is 204800 bytes.

mpjpeg
MJPEG encapsulated in multi-part MIME demuxer.

This demuxer allows reading of MJPEG, where each frame is represented as a
part of multipart/x-mixed-replace stream.

strict_mime_boundary
Default implementation applies a relaxed standard to multi-part MIME
boundary detection, to prevent regression with numerous existing end-
points not generating a proper MIME MJPEG stream. Turning this option
on by setting it to 1 will result in a stricter check of the boundary
value.

rawvideo
Raw video demuxer.

This demuxer allows one to read raw video data. Since there is no header
specifying the assumed video parameters, the user must specify them in or-
der to be able to decode the data correctly.

This demuxer accepts the following options:

framerate
Set input video frame rate. Default value is 25.

pixel_format
Set the input video pixel format. Default value is "yuv420p".

stride
Set frame line size in bytes, only required if there are extra padding.
For multiplane formats, stride is a list of line size for each plane.

video_size
Set the input video size. This value must be specified explicitly.

For example to read a rawvideo file input.raw with ffplay, assuming a pixel
format of "rgb24", a video size of "320x240", and a frame rate of 10 images
per second, use the command:

ffplay -f rawvideo -pixel_format rgb24 -video_size 320x240 -framerate 10 input.raw

Read a rawvideo with ffplay, assuming a pixel format of "yuv420p", a video
size of "1080x1920", has 8 bytes of padding in each line of Y plane, and 4
bytes of padding with UV plane,

ffplay -f rawvideo -pixel_format yuv420p -video_size 1080x1920 -stride 1088,544,544 input.raw

rcwt
RCWT (Raw Captions With Time) is a format native to ccextractor, a commonly
used open source tool for processing 608/708 Closed Captions (CC) sources.
For more information on the format, see .

This demuxer implements the specification as of March 2024, which has been
stable and unchanged since April 2014.

Examples

* Render CC to ASS using the built-in decoder:

ffmpeg -i CC.rcwt.bin CC.ass

Note that if your output appears to be empty, you may have to manually
set the decoder's data_field option to pick the desired CC substream.

* Convert an RCWT backup to Scenarist (SCC) format:

ffmpeg -i CC.rcwt.bin -c:s copy CC.scc

Note that the SCC format does not support all of the possible CC exten-
sions that can be stored in RCWT (such as EIA-708).

sbg
SBaGen script demuxer.

This demuxer reads the script language used by SBaGen
<http://uazu.net/sbagen/> to generate binaural beats sessions. A SBG script
looks like that:

-SE
a: 300-2.5/3 440+4.5/0
b: 300-2.5/0 440+4.5/3
off: -
NOW == a
+0:07:00 == b
+0:14:00 == a
+0:21:00 == b
+0:30:00 off

A SBG script can mix absolute and relative timestamps. If the script uses
either only absolute timestamps (including the script start time) or only
relative ones, then its layout is fixed, and the conversion is straightfor-
ward. On the other hand, if the script mixes both kind of timestamps, then
the NOW reference for relative timestamps will be taken from the current
time of day at the time the script is read, and the script layout will be
frozen according to that reference. That means that if the script is di-
rectly played, the actual times will match the absolute timestamps up to
the sound controller's clock accuracy, but if the user somehow pauses the
playback or seeks, all times will be shifted accordingly.

tedcaptions
JSON captions used for <http://www.ted.com/>.

TED does not provide links to the captions, but they can be guessed from
the page. The file tools/bookmarklets.html from the FFmpeg source tree con-
tains a bookmarklet to expose them.

This demuxer accepts the following option:

start_time
Set the start time of the TED talk, in milliseconds. The default is
15000 (15s). It is used to sync the captions with the downloadable
videos, because they include a 15s intro.

Example: convert the captions to a format most players understand:

ffmpeg -i http://www.ted.com/talks/subtitles/id/1/lang/en talk1-en.srt

vapoursynth
Vapoursynth wrapper.

Due to security concerns, Vapoursynth scripts will not be autodetected so
the input format has to be forced. For ff* CLI tools, add "-f vapoursynth"
before the input "-i yourscript.vpy".

This demuxer accepts the following option:

max_script_size
The demuxer buffers the entire script into memory. Adjust this value to
set the maximum buffer size, which in turn, acts as a ceiling for the
size of scripts that can be read. Default is 1 MiB.

w64
Sony Wave64 Audio demuxer.

This demuxer accepts the following options:

max_size
See the same option for the wav demuxer.

wav
RIFF Wave Audio demuxer.

This demuxer accepts the following options:

max_size
Specify the maximum packet size in bytes for the demuxed packets. By
default this is set to 0, which means that a sensible value is chosen
based on the input format.

MUXERS
Muxers are configured elements in FFmpeg which allow writing multimedia
streams to a particular type of file.

When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported muxers are enabled
by default. You can list all available muxers using the configure option
"--list-muxers".

You can disable all the muxers with the configure option "--disable-muxers"
and selectively enable / disable single muxers with the options "--en-
able-muxer=MUXER" / "--disable-muxer=MUXER".

The option "-muxers" of the ff* tools will display the list of enabled mux-
ers. Use "-formats" to view a combined list of enabled demuxers and muxers.

A description of some of the currently available muxers follows.

Raw muxers
This section covers raw muxers. They accept a single stream matching the
designated codec. They do not store timestamps or metadata. The recognized
extension is the same as the muxer name unless indicated otherwise.

It comprises the following muxers. The media type and the eventual exten-
sions used to automatically selects the muxer from the output extensions
are also shown.

ac3 audio
Dolby Digital, also known as AC-3.

adx audio
CRI Middleware ADX audio.

This muxer will write out the total sample count near the start of the
first packet when the output is seekable and the count can be stored in
32 bits.

aptx audio
aptX (Audio Processing Technology for Bluetooth)

aptx_hd audio (aptxdh)
aptX HD (Audio Processing Technology for Bluetooth) audio

avs2 video (avs, avs2)
AVS2-P2 (Audio Video Standard - Second generation - Part 2) / IEEE
1857.4 video

avs3 video (avs3)
AVS3-P2 (Audio Video Standard - Third generation - Part 2) / IEEE
1857.10 video

cavsvideo video (cavs)
Chinese AVS (Audio Video Standard - First generation)

codec2raw audio
Codec 2 audio.

No extension is registered so format name has to be supplied e.g. with
the ffmpeg CLI tool "-f codec2raw".

data any
Generic data muxer.

This muxer accepts a single stream with any codec of any type. The in-
put stream has to be selected using the "-map" option with the ffmpeg
CLI tool.

No extension is registered so format name has to be supplied e.g. with
the ffmpeg CLI tool "-f data".

dfpwm audio (dfpwm)
Raw DFPWM1a (Dynamic Filter Pulse With Modulation) audio muxer.

dirac video (drc, vc2)
BBC Dirac video.

The Dirac Pro codec is a subset and is standardized as SMPTE VC-2.

dnxhd video (dnxhd, dnxhr)
Avid DNxHD video.

It is standardized as SMPTE VC-3. Accepts DNxHR streams.

dts audio
DTS Coherent Acoustics (DCA) audio

eac3 audio
Dolby Digital Plus, also known as Enhanced AC-3

evc video (evc)
MPEG-5 Essential Video Coding (EVC) / EVC / MPEG-5 Part 1 EVC video

g722 audio
ITU-T G.722 audio

g723_1 audio (tco, rco)
ITU-T G.723.1 audio

g726 audio
ITU-T G.726 big-endian ("left-justified") audio.

No extension is registered so format name has to be supplied e.g. with
the ffmpeg CLI tool "-f g726".

g726le audio
ITU-T G.726 little-endian ("right-justified") audio.

No extension is registered so format name has to be supplied e.g. with
the ffmpeg CLI tool "-f g726le".

gsm audio
Global System for Mobile Communications audio

h261 video
ITU-T H.261 video

h263 video
ITU-T H.263 / H.263-1996, H.263+ / H.263-1998 / H.263 version 2 video

h264 video (h264, 264)
ITU-T H.264 / MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC video. Bitstream shall be converted to
Annex B syntax if it's in length-prefixed mode.

hevc video (hevc, h265, 265)
ITU-T H.265 / MPEG-H Part 2 HEVC video. Bitstream shall be converted to
Annex B syntax if it's in length-prefixed mode.

m4v video
MPEG-4 Part 2 video

mjpeg video (mjpg, mjpeg)
Motion JPEG video

mlp audio
Meridian Lossless Packing, also known as Packed PCM

mp2 audio (mp2, m2a, mpa)
MPEG-1 Audio Layer II audio

mpeg1video video (mpg, mpeg, m1v)
MPEG-1 Part 2 video.

mpeg2video video (m2v)
ITU-T H.262 / MPEG-2 Part 2 video

obu video
AV1 low overhead Open Bitstream Units muxer.

Temporal delimiter OBUs will be inserted in all temporal units of the
stream.

rawvideo video (yuv, rgb)
Raw uncompressed video.

sbc audio (sbc, msbc)
Bluetooth SIG low-complexity subband codec audio

truehd audio (thd)
Dolby TrueHD audio

vc1 video
SMPTE 421M / VC-1 video

Examples

* Store raw video frames with the rawvideo muxer using ffmpeg:

ffmpeg -f lavfi -i testsrc -t 10 -s hd1080p testsrc.yuv

Since the rawvideo muxer do not store the information related to size
and format, this information must be provided when demuxing the file:

ffplay -video_size 1920x1080 -pixel_format rgb24 -f rawvideo testsrc.rgb

Raw PCM muxers
This section covers raw PCM (Pulse-Code Modulation) audio muxers.

They accept a single stream matching the designated codec. They do not
store timestamps or metadata. The recognized extension is the same as the
muxer name.

It comprises the following muxers. The optional additional extension used
to automatically select the muxer from the output extension is also shown
in parentheses.

alaw (al)
PCM A-law

f32be
PCM 32-bit floating-point big-endian

f32le
PCM 32-bit floating-point little-endian

f64be
PCM 64-bit floating-point big-endian

f64le
PCM 64-bit floating-point little-endian

mulaw (ul)
PCM mu-law

s16be
PCM signed 16-bit big-endian

s16le
PCM signed 16-bit little-endian

s24be
PCM signed 24-bit big-endian

s24le
PCM signed 24-bit little-endian

s32be
PCM signed 32-bit big-endian

s32le
PCM signed 32-bit little-endian

s8 (sb)
PCM signed 8-bit

u16be
PCM unsigned 16-bit big-endian

u16le
PCM unsigned 16-bit little-endian

u24be
PCM unsigned 24-bit big-endian

u24le
PCM unsigned 24-bit little-endian

u32be
PCM unsigned 32-bit big-endian

u32le
PCM unsigned 32-bit little-endian

u8 (ub)
PCM unsigned 8-bit

vidcPCM Archimedes VIDC

MPEG-1/MPEG-2 program stream muxers
This section covers formats belonging to the MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 Systems fam-
ily.

The MPEG-1 Systems format (also known as ISO/IEEC 11172-1 or MPEG-1 program
stream) has been adopted for the format of media track stored in VCD (Video
Compact Disc).

The MPEG-2 Systems standard (also known as ISO/IEEC 13818-1) covers two
containers formats, one known as transport stream and one known as program
stream; only the latter is covered here.

The MPEG-2 program stream format (also known as VOB due to the correspond-
ing file extension) is an extension of MPEG-1 program stream: in addition
to support different codecs for the audio and video streams, it also stores
subtitles and navigation metadata. MPEG-2 program stream has been adopted
for storing media streams in SVCD and DVD storage devices.

This section comprises the following muxers.

mpeg (mpg,mpeg)
MPEG-1 Systems / MPEG-1 program stream muxer.

vcd MPEG-1 Systems / MPEG-1 program stream (VCD) muxer.

This muxer can be used to generate tracks in the format accepted by the
VCD (Video Compact Disc) storage devices.

It is the same as the mpeg muxer with a few differences.

vob MPEG-2 program stream (VOB) muxer.

dvd MPEG-2 program stream (DVD VOB) muxer.

This muxer can be used to generate tracks in the format accepted by the
DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) storage devices.

This is the same as the vob muxer with a few differences.

svcd (vob)
MPEG-2 program stream (SVCD VOB) muxer.

This muxer can be used to generate tracks in the format accepted by the
SVCD (Super Video Compact Disc) storage devices.

This is the same as the vob muxer with a few differences.

Options

muxrate rate
Set user-defined mux rate expressed as a number of bits/s. If not spec-
ified the automatically computed mux rate is employed. Default value is
0.

preload delay
Set initial demux-decode delay in microseconds. Default value is
500000.

MOV/MPEG-4/ISOMBFF muxers
This section covers formats belonging to the QuickTime / MOV family, in-
cluding the MPEG-4 Part 14 format and ISO base media file format (ISOBMFF).
These formats share a common structure based on the ISO base media file
format (ISOBMFF).

The MOV format was originally developed for use with Apple QuickTime. It
was later used as the basis for the MPEG-4 Part 1 (later Part 14) format,
also known as ISO/IEC 14496-1. That format was then generalized into
ISOBMFF, also named MPEG-4 Part 12 format, ISO/IEC 14496-12, or ISO/IEC
15444-12.

It comprises the following muxers.

3gp Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) format for 3G UMTS multime-
dia services

3g2 Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GP2 or 3GPP2) format for 3G
CDMA2000 multimedia services, similar to 3gp with extensions and limi-
tations

f4v Adobe Flash Video format

ipodMPEG-4 audio file format, as MOV/MP4 but limited to contain only audio
streams, typically played with the Apple ipod device

ismvMicrosoft IIS (Internet Information Services) Smooth Streaming Au-
dio/Video (ISMV or ISMA) format. This is based on MPEG-4 Part 14 format
with a few incompatible variants, used to stream media files for the
Microsoft IIS server.

mov QuickTime player format identified by the ".mov" extension

mp4 MP4 or MPEG-4 Part 14 format

psp PlayStation Portable MP4/MPEG-4 Part 14 format variant. This is based
on MPEG-4 Part 14 format with a few incompatible variants, used to play
files on PlayStation devices.

Fragmentation

The mov, mp4, and ismv muxers support fragmentation. Normally, a MOV/MP4
file has all the metadata about all packets stored in one location.

This data is usually written at the end of the file, but it can be moved to
the start for better playback by adding "+faststart" to the "-movflags", or
using the qt-faststart tool).

A fragmented file consists of a number of fragments, where packets and
metadata about these packets are stored together. Writing a fragmented file
has the advantage that the file is decodable even if the writing is inter-
rupted (while a normal MOV/MP4 is undecodable if it is not properly fin-
ished), and it requires less memory when writing very long files (since
writing normal MOV/MP4 files stores info about every single packet in mem-
ory until the file is closed). The downside is that it is less compatible
with other applications.

Fragmentation is enabled by setting one of the options that define how to
cut the file into fragments:

frag_duration
frag_size
min_frag_duration
movflags +frag_keyframe
movflags +frag_custom

If more than one condition is specified, fragments are cut when one of the
specified conditions is fulfilled. The exception to this is the option
min_frag_duration, which has to be fulfilled for any of the other condi-
tions to apply.

Options

brand brand_string
Override major brand.

empty_hdlr_name bool
Enable to skip writing the name inside a "hdlr" box. Default is
"false".

encryption_key key
set the media encryption key in hexadecimal format

encryption_kid kid
set the media encryption key identifier in hexadecimal format

encryption_scheme scheme
configure the encryption scheme, allowed values are none, and
cenc-aes-ctr

frag_duration duration
Create fragments that are duration microseconds long.

frag_interleave number
Interleave samples within fragments (max number of consecutive samples,
lower is tighter interleaving, but with more overhead. It is set to 0
by default.

frag_size size
create fragments that contain up to size bytes of payload data

iods_audio_profile profile
specify iods number for the audio profile atom (from -1 to 255), de-
fault is -1

iods_video_profile profile
specify iods number for the video profile atom (from -1 to 255), de-
fault is -1

ism_lookahead num_entries
specify number of lookahead entries for ISM files (from 0 to 255), de-
fault is 0

min_frag_duration duration
do not create fragments that are shorter than duration microseconds
long

moov_size bytes
Reserves space for the moov atom at the beginning of the file instead
of placing the moov atom at the end. If the space reserved is insuffi-
cient, muxing will fail.

mov_gamma gamma
specify gamma value for gama atom (as a decimal number from 0 to 10),
default is 0.0, must be set together with "+ movflags"

movflags flags
Set various muxing switches. The following flags can be used:

cmafwrite CMAF (Common Media Application Format) compatible fragmented
MP4 output

dashwrite DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP) compatible frag-
mented MP4 output

default_base_moof
Similarly to the omit_tfhd_offset flag, this flag avoids writing
the absolute base_data_offset field in tfhd atoms, but does so by
using the new default-base-is-moof flag instead. This flag is new
from 14496-12:2012. This may make the fragments easier to parse in
certain circumstances (avoiding basing track fragment location cal-
culations on the implicit end of the previous track fragment).

delay_moov
delay writing the initial moov until the first fragment is cut, or
until the first fragment flush

disable_chpl
Disable Nero chapter markers (chpl atom). Normally, both Nero chap-
ters and a QuickTime chapter track are written to the file. With
this option set, only the QuickTime chapter track will be written.
Nero chapters can cause failures when the file is reprocessed with
certain tagging programs, like mp3Tag 2.61a and iTunes 11.3, most
likely other versions are affected as well.

faststart
Run a second pass moving the index (moov atom) to the beginning of
the file. This operation can take a while, and will not work in
various situations such as fragmented output, thus it is not en-
abled by default.

frag_custom
Allow the caller to manually choose when to cut fragments, by call-
ing "av_write_frame(ctx, NULL)" to write a fragment with the pack-
ets written so far. (This is only useful with other applications
integrating libavformat, not from ffmpeg.)

frag_discont
signal that the next fragment is discontinuous from earlier ones

frag_every_frame
fragment at every frame

frag_keyframe
start a new fragment at each video keyframe

global_sidx
write a global sidx index at the start of the file

ismlcreate a live smooth streaming feed (for pushing to a publishing
point)

negative_cts_offsets
Enables utilization of version 1 of the CTTS box, in which the CTS
offsets can be negative. This enables the initial sample to have
DTS/CTS of zero, and reduces the need for edit lists for some cases
such as video tracks with B-frames. Additionally, eases conformance
with the DASH-IF interoperability guidelines.

This option is implicitly set when writing ismv (Smooth Streaming)
files.

omit_tfhd_offset
Do not write any absolute base_data_offset in tfhd atoms. This
avoids tying fragments to absolute byte positions in the
file/streams.

prefer_icc
If writing colr atom prioritise usage of ICC profile if it exists
in stream packet side data.

rtphint
add RTP hinting tracks to the output file

separate_moof
Write a separate moof (movie fragment) atom for each track. Nor-
mally, packets for all tracks are written in a moof atom (which is
slightly more efficient), but with this option set, the muxer
writes one moof/mdat pair for each track, making it easier to sepa-
rate tracks.

skip_sidx
Skip writing of sidx atom. When bitrate overhead due to sidx atom
is high, this option could be used for cases where sidx atom is not
mandatory. When the global_sidx flag is enabled, this option is ig-
nored.

skip_trailer
skip writing the mfra/tfra/mfro trailer for fragmented files

use_metadata_tags
use mdta atom for metadata

write_colr
write colr atom even if the color info is unspecified. This flag is
experimental, may be renamed or changed, do not use from scripts.

write_gama
write deprecated gama atom

hybrid_fragmented
For recoverability - write the output file as a fragmented file.
This allows the intermediate file to be read while being written
(in particular, if the writing process is aborted uncleanly). When
writing is finished, the file is converted to a regular, non-frag-
mented file, which is more compatible and allows easier and quicker
seeking.

If writing is aborted, the intermediate file can manually be re-
muxed to get a regular, non-fragmented file of what had been writ-
ten into the unfinished file.

movie_timescale scale
Set the timescale written in the movie header box ("mvhd"). Range is 1
to INT_MAX. Default is 1000.

rtpflags flags
Add RTP hinting tracks to the output file.

The following flags can be used:

h264_mode0
use mode 0 for H.264 in RTP

latmuse MP4A-LATM packetization instead of MPEG4-GENERIC for AAC

rfc2190
use RFC 2190 packetization instead of RFC 4629 for H.263

send_bye
send RTCP BYE packets when finishing

skip_rtcp
do not send RTCP sender reports

skip_iods bool
skip writing iods atom (default value is "true")

use_editlist bool
use edit list (default value is "auto")

use_stream_ids_as_track_ids bool
use stream ids as track ids (default value is "false")

video_track_timescale scale
Set the timescale used for video tracks. Range is 0 to INT_MAX. If set
to 0, the timescale is automatically set based on the native stream
time base. Default is 0.

write_btrt bool
Force or disable writing bitrate box inside stsd box of a track. The
box contains decoding buffer size (in bytes), maximum bitrate and aver-
age bitrate for the track. The box will be skipped if none of these
values can be computed. Default is -1 or "auto", which will write the
box only in MP4 mode.

write_prft option
Write producer time reference box (PRFT) with a specified time source
for the NTP field in the PRFT box. Set value as wallclock to specify
timesource as wallclock time and pts to specify timesource as input
packets' PTS values.

write_tmcd bool
Specify "on" to force writing a timecode track, "off" to disable it and
"auto" to write a timecode track only for mov and mp4 output (default).

Setting value to pts is applicable only for a live encoding use case,
where PTS values are set as as wallclock time at the source. For exam-
ple, an encoding use case with decklink capture source where video_pts
and audio_pts are set to abs_wallclock.

Examples

* Push Smooth Streaming content in real time to a publishing point on IIS
with the ismv muxer using ffmpeg:

ffmpeg -re <<normal input/transcoding options>> -movflags isml+frag_keyframe -f ismv http://server/publishingpoint.isml/Streams(Encoder1)

a64
A64 Commodore 64 video muxer.

This muxer accepts a single "a64_multi" or "a64_multi5" codec video stream.

ac4
Raw AC-4 audio muxer.

This muxer accepts a single "ac4" audio stream.

Options

write_crc bool
when enabled, write a CRC checksum for each packet to the output, de-
fault is "false"

adts
Audio Data Transport Stream muxer.

It accepts a single AAC stream.

Options

write_id3v2 bool
Enable to write ID3v2.4 tags at the start of the stream. Default is
disabled.

write_apetag bool
Enable to write APE tags at the end of the stream. Default is disabled.

write_mpeg2 bool
Enable to set MPEG version bit in the ADTS frame header to 1 which in-
dicates MPEG-2. Default is 0, which indicates MPEG-4.

aea
MD STUDIO audio muxer.

This muxer accepts a single ATRAC1 audio stream with either one or two
channels and a sample rate of 44100Hz.

As AEA supports storing the track title, this muxer will also write the ti-
tle from stream's metadata to the container.

aiff
Audio Interchange File Format muxer.

Options

write_id3v2 bool
Enable ID3v2 tags writing when set to 1. Default is 0 (disabled).

id3v2_version bool
Select ID3v2 version to write. Currently only version 3 and 4 (aka.
ID3v2.3 and ID3v2.4) are supported. The default is version 4.

alp
High Voltage Software's Lego Racers game audio muxer.

It accepts a single ADPCM_IMA_ALP stream with no more than 2 channels and a
sample rate not greater than 44100 Hz.

Extensions: "tun", "pcm"

Options

type type
Set file type.

type accepts the following values:

tun Set file type as music. Must have a sample rate of 22050 Hz.

pcm Set file type as sfx.

autoSet file type as per output file extension. ".pcm" results in type
"pcm" else type "tun" is set. (default)

amr
3GPP AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate) audio muxer.

It accepts a single audio stream containing an AMR NB stream.

amv
AMV (Actions Media Video) format muxer.

apm
Ubisoft Rayman 2 APM audio muxer.

It accepts a single ADPCM IMA APM audio stream.

apng
Animated Portable Network Graphics muxer.

It accepts a single APNG video stream.

Options

final_delay delay
Force a delay expressed in seconds after the last frame of each repeti-
tion. Default value is 0.0.

plays repetitions
specify how many times to play the content, 0 causes an infinite loop,
with 1 there is no loop

Examples

* Use ffmpeg to generate an APNG output with 2 repetitions, and with a
delay of half a second after the first repetition:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -final_delay 0.5 -plays 2 out.apng

argo_asf
Argonaut Games ASF audio muxer.

It accepts a single ADPCM audio stream.

Options

version_major version
override file major version, specified as an integer, default value is
2

version_minor version
override file minor version, specified as an integer, default value is
1

name name
Embed file name into file, if not specified use the output file name.
The name is truncated to 8 characters.

argo_cvg
Argonaut Games CVG audio muxer.

It accepts a single one-channel ADPCM 22050Hz audio stream.

The loop and reverb options set the corresponding flags in the header which
can be later retrieved to process the audio stream accordingly.

Options

skip_rate_check bool
skip sample rate check (default is "false")

loop bool
set loop flag (default is "false")

reverb boolean
set reverb flag (default is "true")

asf, asf_stream
Advanced / Active Systems (or Streaming) Format audio muxer.

The asf_stream variant should be selected for streaming.

Note that Windows Media Audio (wma) and Windows Media Video (wmv) use this
muxer too.

Options

packet_size size
Set the muxer packet size as a number of bytes. By tuning this setting
you may reduce data fragmentation or muxer overhead depending on your
source. Default value is 3200, minimum is 100, maximum is "64Ki".

ass
ASS/SSA (SubStation Alpha) subtitles muxer.

It accepts a single ASS subtitles stream.

Options

ignore_readorder bool
Write dialogue events immediately, even if they are out-of-order, de-
fault is "false", otherwise they are cached until the expected time
event is found.

ast
AST (Audio Stream) muxer.

This format is used to play audio on some Nintendo Wii games.

It accepts a single audio stream.

The loopstart and loopend options can be used to define a section of the
file to loop for players honoring such options.

Options

loopstart start
Specify loop start position expressesd in milliseconds, from -1 to
"INT_MAX", in case -1 is set then no loop is specified (default -1) and
the loopend value is ignored.

loopend end
Specify loop end position expressed in milliseconds, from 0 to
"INT_MAX", default is 0, in case 0 is set it assumes the total stream
duration.

au
SUN AU audio muxer.

It accepts a single audio stream.

avi
Audio Video Interleaved muxer.

AVI is a proprietary format developed by Microsoft, and later formally
specified through the Open DML specification.

Because of differences in players implementations, it might be required to
set some options to make sure that the generated output can be correctly
played by the target player.

Options

flipped_raw_rgb bool
If set to "true", store positive height for raw RGB bitmaps, which in-
dicates bitmap is stored bottom-up. Note that this option does not flip
the bitmap which has to be done manually beforehand, e.g. by using the
vflip filter. Default is "false" and indicates bitmap is stored top
down.

reserve_index_space size
Reserve the specified amount of bytes for the OpenDML master index of
each stream within the file header. By default additional master in-
dexes are embedded within the data packets if there is no space left in
the first master index and are linked together as a chain of indexes.
This index structure can cause problems for some use cases, e.g.
third-party software strictly relying on the OpenDML index specifica-
tion or when file seeking is slow. Reserving enough index space in the
file header avoids these problems.

The required index space depends on the output file size and should be
about 16 bytes per gigabyte. When this option is omitted or set to zero
the necessary index space is guessed.

Default value is 0.

write_channel_mask bool
Write the channel layout mask into the audio stream header.

This option is enabled by default. Disabling the channel mask can be
useful in specific scenarios, e.g. when merging multiple audio streams
into one for compatibility with software that only supports a single
audio stream in AVI (see the "amerge" section in the ffmpeg-filters
manual).

avif
AV1 (Alliance for Open Media Video codec 1) image format muxer.

This muxers stores images encoded using the AV1 codec.

It accepts one or two video streams. In case two video streams are pro-
vided, the second one shall contain a single plane storing the alpha mask.

In case more than one image is provided, the generated output is considered
an animated AVIF and the number of loops can be specified with the loop op-
tion.

This is based on the specification by Alliance for Open Media at url
<https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-avif>.

Options

loop count
number of times to loop an animated AVIF, 0 specify an infinite loop,
default is 0

movie_timescale timescale
Set the timescale written in the movie header box ("mvhd"). Range is 1
to INT_MAX. Default is 1000.

avm2
ShockWave Flash (SWF) / ActionScript Virtual Machine 2 (AVM2) format muxer.

It accepts one audio stream, one video stream, or both.

bit
G.729 (.bit) file format muxer.

It accepts a single G.729 audio stream.

caf
Apple CAF (Core Audio Format) muxer.

It accepts a single audio stream.

codec2
Codec2 audio audio muxer.

It accepts a single codec2 audio stream.

chromaprint
Chromaprint fingerprinter muxers.

To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with
"--enable-chromaprint".

This muxer feeds audio data to the Chromaprint library, which generates a
fingerprint for the provided audio data. See:
<https://acoustid.org/chromaprint>

It takes a single signed native-endian 16-bit raw audio stream of at most 2
channels.

Options

algorithm version
Select version of algorithm to fingerprint with. Range is 0 to 4. Ver-
sion 3 enables silence detection. Default is 1.

fp_format format
Format to output the fingerprint as. Accepts the following options:

base64
Base64 compressed fingerprint (default)

compressed
Binary compressed fingerprint

raw Binary raw fingerprint

silence_threshold threshold
Threshold for detecting silence. Range is from -1 to 32767, where -1
disables silence detection. Silence detection can only be used with
version 3 of the algorithm.

Silence detection must be disabled for use with the AcoustID service.
Default is -1.

crc
CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) muxer.

This muxer computes and prints the Adler-32 CRC of all the input audio and
video frames. By default audio frames are converted to signed 16-bit raw
audio and video frames to raw video before computing the CRC.

The output of the muxer consists of a single line of the form: CRC=0xCRC,
where CRC is a hexadecimal number 0-padded to 8 digits containing the CRC
for all the decoded input frames.

See also the framehash muxer.

hds
HTTP Dynamic Streaming (HDS) muxer.

HTTP dynamic streaming, or HDS, is an adaptive bitrate streaming method de-
veloped by Adobe. HDS delivers MP4 video content over HTTP connections. HDS
can be used for on-demand streaming or live streaming.

This muxer creates an .f4m (Adobe Flash Media Manifest File) manifest, an
.abst (Adobe Bootstrap File) for each stream, and segment files in a direc-
tory specified as the output.

These needs to be accessed by an HDS player through HTTPS for it to be able
to perform playback on the generated stream.

Options

extra_window_size int
number of fragments kept outside of the manifest before removing from
disk

min_frag_duration microseconds
minimum fragment duration (in microseconds), default value is 1 second
(10000000)

remove_at_exit bool
remove all fragments when finished when set to "true"

window_size int
number of fragments kept in the manifest, if set to a value different
from 0. By default all segments are kept in the output directory.

Example

Use ffmpeg to generate HDS files to the output.hds directory in real-time
rate:

ffmpeg -re -i INPUT -f hds -b:v 200k output.hds

hls
Apple HTTP Live Streaming muxer that segments MPEG-TS according to the HTTP
Live Streaming (HLS) specification.

It creates a playlist file, and one or more segment files. The output file-
name specifies the playlist filename.

By default, the muxer creates a file for each segment produced. These files
have the same name as the playlist, followed by a sequential number and a
.ts extension.

Make sure to require a closed GOP when encoding and to set the GOP size to
fit your segment time constraint.

For example, to convert an input file with ffmpeg:

ffmpeg -i in.mkv -c:v h264 -flags +cgop -g 30 -hls_time 1 out.m3u8

This example will produce the playlist, out.m3u8, and segment files:
out0.ts, out1.ts, out2.ts, etc.

See also the segment muxer, which provides a more generic and flexible im-
plementation of a segmenter, and can be used to perform HLS segmentation.

Options

hls_init_time duration
Set the initial target segment length. Default value is 0.

duration must be a time duration specification, see the Time duration
section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual.

Segment will be cut on the next key frame after this time has passed on
the first m3u8 list. After the initial playlist is filled, ffmpeg will
cut segments at duration equal to hls_time.

hls_time duration
Set the target segment length. Default value is 2.

duration must be a time duration specification, see the Time duration
section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual. Segment will be cut on the next
key frame after this time has passed.

hls_list_size size
Set the maximum number of playlist entries. If set to 0 the list file
will contain all the segments. Default value is 5.

hls_delete_threshold size
Set the number of unreferenced segments to keep on disk before
"hls_flags delete_segments" deletes them. Increase this to allow con-
tinue clients to download segments which were recently referenced in
the playlist. Default value is 1, meaning segments older than
hls_list_size+1 will be deleted.

hls_start_number_source source
Start the playlist sequence number ("#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE") according
to the specified source. Unless hls_flags single_file is set, it also
specifies source of starting sequence numbers of segment and subtitle
filenames. In any case, if hls_flags append_list is set and read
playlist sequence number is greater than the specified start sequence
number, then that value will be used as start value.

It accepts the following values:

generic (default)
Set the start numbers according to the start_number option value.

epoch
Set the start number as the seconds since epoch (1970-01-01
00:00:00).

epoch_us
Set the start number as the microseconds since epoch (1970-01-01
00:00:00).

datetime
Set the start number based on the current date/time as YYYYmmddHH-
MMSS. e.g. 20161231235759.

start_number number
Start the playlist sequence number ("#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE") from the
specified number when hls_start_number_source value is generic. (This
is the default case.) Unless hls_flags single_file is set, it also
specifies starting sequence numbers of segment and subtitle filenames.
Default value is 0.

hls_allow_cache bool
Explicitly set whether the client MAY (1) or MUST NOT (0) cache media
segments.

hls_base_url baseurl
Append baseurl to every entry in the playlist. Useful to generate
playlists with absolute paths.

Note that the playlist sequence number must be unique for each segment
and it is not to be confused with the segment filename sequence number
which can be cyclic, for example if the wrap option is specified.

hls_segment_filename filename
Set the segment filename. Unless the hls_flags option is set with sin-
gle_file, filename is used as a string format with the segment number
appended.

For example:

ffmpeg -i in.nut -hls_segment_filename 'file%03d.ts' out.m3u8

will produce the playlist, out.m3u8, and segment files: file000.ts,
file001.ts, file002.ts, etc.

filename may contain a full path or relative path specification, but
only the file name part without any path will be contained in the m3u8
segment list. Should a relative path be specified, the path of the
created segment files will be relative to the current working direc-
tory. When strftime_mkdir is set, the whole expanded value of filename
will be written into the m3u8 segment list.

When var_stream_map is set with two or more variant streams, the file-
name pattern must contain the string "%v", and this string will be ex-
panded to the position of variant stream index in the generated segment
file names.

For example:

ffmpeg -i in.ts -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 256k -b:a:0 64k -b:a:1 32k \
-map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:a -f hls -var_stream_map "v:0,a:0 v:1,a:1" \
-hls_segment_filename 'file_%v_%03d.ts' out_%v.m3u8

will produce the playlists segment file sets: file_0_000.ts,
file_0_001.ts, file_0_002.ts, etc. and file_1_000.ts, file_1_001.ts,
file_1_002.ts, etc.

The string "%v" may be present in the filename or in the last directory
name containing the file, but only in one of them. (Additionally, %v
may appear multiple times in the last sub-directory or filename.) If
the string %v is present in the directory name, then sub-directories
are created after expanding the directory name pattern. This enables
creation of segments corresponding to different variant streams in sub-
directories.

For example:

ffmpeg -i in.ts -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 256k -b:a:0 64k -b:a:1 32k \
-map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:a -f hls -var_stream_map "v:0,a:0 v:1,a:1" \
-hls_segment_filename 'vs%v/file_%03d.ts' vs%v/out.m3u8

will produce the playlists segment file sets: vs0/file_000.ts,
vs0/file_001.ts, vs0/file_002.ts, etc. and vs1/file_000.ts,
vs1/file_001.ts, vs1/file_002.ts, etc.

strftime bool
Use strftime() on filename to expand the segment filename with local-
time. The segment number is also available in this mode, but to use it,
you need to set second_level_segment_index in the hls_flag and %%d will
be the specifier.

For example:

ffmpeg -i in.nut -strftime 1 -hls_segment_filename 'file-%Y%m%d-%s.ts' out.m3u8

will produce the playlist, out.m3u8, and segment files:
file-20160215-1455569023.ts, file-20160215-1455569024.ts, etc. Note:
On some systems/environments, the %s specifier is not available. See
strftime() documentation.

For example:

ffmpeg -i in.nut -strftime 1 -hls_flags second_level_segment_index -hls_segment_filename 'file-%Y%m%d-%%04d.ts' out.m3u8

will produce the playlist, out.m3u8, and segment files:
file-20160215-0001.ts, file-20160215-0002.ts, etc.

strftime_mkdir bool
Used together with strftime, it will create all subdirectories which
are present in the expanded values of option hls_segment_filename.

For example:

ffmpeg -i in.nut -strftime 1 -strftime_mkdir 1 -hls_segment_filename '%Y%m%d/file-%Y%m%d-%s.ts' out.m3u8

will create a directory 201560215 (if it does not exist), and then pro-
duce the playlist, out.m3u8, and segment files:
20160215/file-20160215-1455569023.ts,
20160215/file-20160215-1455569024.ts, etc.

For example:

ffmpeg -i in.nut -strftime 1 -strftime_mkdir 1 -hls_segment_filename '%Y/%m/%d/file-%Y%m%d-%s.ts' out.m3u8

will create a directory hierarchy 2016/02/15 (if any of them do not ex-
ist), and then produce the playlist, out.m3u8, and segment files:
2016/02/15/file-20160215-1455569023.ts,
2016/02/15/file-20160215-1455569024.ts, etc.

hls_segment_options options_list
Set output format options using a :-separated list of key=value parame-
ters. Values containing ":" special characters must be escaped.

hls_key_info_file key_info_file
Use the information in key_info_file for segment encryption. The first
line of key_info_file specifies the key URI written to the playlist.
The key URL is used to access the encryption key during playback. The
second line specifies the path to the key file used to obtain the key
during the encryption process. The key file is read as a single packed
array of 16 octets in binary format. The optional third line specifies
the initialization vector (IV) as a hexadecimal string to be used in-
stead of the segment sequence number (default) for encryption. Changes
to key_info_file will result in segment encryption with the new key/IV
and an entry in the playlist for the new key URI/IV if hls_flags peri-
odic_rekey is enabled.

Key info file format:

<key URI>
<key file path>
<IV> (optional)

Example key URIs:

http://server/file.key
/path/to/file.key
file.key

Example key file paths:

file.key
/path/to/file.key

Example IV:

0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF

Key info file example:

http://server/file.key
/path/to/file.key
0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF

Example shell script:

#!/bin/sh
BASE_URL=${1:-'.'}
openssl rand 16 > file.key
echo $BASE_URL/file.key > file.keyinfo
echo file.key >> file.keyinfo
echo $(openssl rand -hex 16) >> file.keyinfo
ffmpeg -f lavfi -re -i testsrc -c:v h264 -hls_flags delete_segments \
-hls_key_info_file file.keyinfo out.m3u8

hls_enc bool
Enable (1) or disable (0) the AES128 encryption. When enabled every
segment generated is encrypted and the encryption key is saved as
playlist name.key.

hls_enc_key key
Specify a 16-octet key to encrypt the segments, by default it is ran-
domly generated.

hls_enc_key_url keyurl
If set, keyurl is prepended instead of baseurl to the key filename in
the playlist.

hls_enc_iv iv
Specify the 16-octet initialization vector for every segment instead of
the autogenerated ones.

hls_segment_type flags
Possible values:

mpegts
Output segment files in MPEG-2 Transport Stream format. This is
compatible with all HLS versions.

fmp4Output segment files in fragmented MP4 format, similar to
MPEG-DASH. fmp4 files may be used in HLS version 7 and above.

hls_fmp4_init_filename filename
Set filename for the fragment files header file, default filename is
init.mp4.

When strftime is enabled, filename is expanded to the segment filename
with localtime.

For example:

ffmpeg -i in.nut -hls_segment_type fmp4 -strftime 1 -hls_fmp4_init_filename "%s_init.mp4" out.m3u8

will produce init like this 1602678741_init.mp4.

hls_fmp4_init_resend bool
Resend init file after m3u8 file refresh every time, default is 0.

When var_stream_map is set with two or more variant streams, the file-
name pattern must contain the string "%v", this string specifies the
position of variant stream index in the generated init file names. The
string "%v" may be present in the filename or in the last directory
name containing the file. If the string is present in the directory
name, then sub-directories are created after expanding the directory
name pattern. This enables creation of init files corresponding to dif-
ferent variant streams in subdirectories.

hls_flags flags
Possible values:

single_file
If this flag is set, the muxer will store all segments in a single
MPEG-TS file, and will use byte ranges in the playlist. HLS
playlists generated with this way will have the version number 4.

For example:

ffmpeg -i in.nut -hls_flags single_file out.m3u8

will produce the playlist, out.m3u8, and a single segment file,
out.ts.

delete_segments
Segment files removed from the playlist are deleted after a period
of time equal to the duration of the segment plus the duration of
the playlist.

append_list
Append new segments into the end of old segment list, and remove
the "#EXT-X-ENDLIST" from the old segment list.

round_durations
Round the duration info in the playlist file segment info to inte-
ger values, instead of using floating point. If there are no other
features requiring higher HLS versions be used, then this will al-
low ffmpeg to output a HLS version 2 m3u8.

discont_start
Add the "#EXT-X-DISCONTINUITY" tag to the playlist, before the
first segment's information.

omit_endlist
Do not append the "EXT-X-ENDLIST" tag at the end of the playlist.

periodic_rekey
The file specified by "hls_key_info_file" will be checked periodi-
cally and detect updates to the encryption info. Be sure to replace
this file atomically, including the file containing the AES encryp-
tion key.

independent_segments
Add the "#EXT-X-INDEPENDENT-SEGMENTS" tag to playlists that has
video segments and when all the segments of that playlist are guar-
anteed to start with a key frame.

iframes_only
Add the "#EXT-X-I-FRAMES-ONLY" tag to playlists that has video seg-
ments and can play only I-frames in the "#EXT-X-BYTERANGE" mode.

split_by_time
Allow segments to start on frames other than key frames. This im-
proves behavior on some players when the time between key frames is
inconsistent, but may make things worse on others, and can cause
some oddities during seeking. This flag should be used with the
hls_time option.

program_date_time
Generate "EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME" tags.

second_level_segment_index
Make it possible to use segment indexes as %%d in the hls_seg-
ment_filename option expression besides date/time values when strf-
time option is on. To get fixed width numbers with trailing zeroes,
%%0xd format is available where x is the required width.

second_level_segment_size
Make it possible to use segment sizes (counted in bytes) as %%s in
hls_segment_filename option expression besides date/time values
when strftime is on. To get fixed width numbers with trailing ze-
roes, %%0xs format is available where x is the required width.

second_level_segment_duration
Make it possible to use segment duration (calculated in microsec-
onds) as %%t in hls_segment_filename option expression besides
date/time values when strftime is on. To get fixed width numbers
with trailing zeroes, %%0xt format is available where x is the re-
quired width.

For example:

ffmpeg -i sample.mpeg \
-f hls -hls_time 3 -hls_list_size 5 \
-hls_flags second_level_segment_index+second_level_segment_size+second_level_segment_duration \
-strftime 1 -strftime_mkdir 1 -hls_segment_filename "segment_%Y%m%d%H%M%S_%%04d_%%08s_%%013t.ts" stream.m3u8

will produce segments like this: seg-
ment_20170102194334_0003_00122200_0000003000000.ts, seg-
ment_20170102194334_0004_00120072_0000003000000.ts etc.

temp_file
Write segment data to filename.tmp and rename to filename only once
the segment is complete.

A webserver serving up segments can be configured to reject re-
quests to *.tmp to prevent access to in-progress segments before
they have been added to the m3u8 playlist.

This flag also affects how m3u8 playlist files are created. If this
flag is set, all playlist files will be written into a temporary
file and renamed after they are complete, similarly as segments are
handled. But playlists with "file" protocol and with
hls_playlist_type type other than vod are always written into a
temporary file regardless of this flag.

Master playlist files specified with master_pl_name, if any, with
"file" protocol, are always written into temporary file regardless
of this flag if master_pl_publish_rate value is other than zero.

hls_playlist_type type
If type is event, emit "#EXT-X-PLAYLIST-TYPE:EVENT" in the m3u8 header.
This forces hls_list_size to 0; the playlist can only be appended to.

If type is vod, emit "#EXT-X-PLAYLIST-TYPE:VOD" in the m3u8 header.
This forces hls_list_size to 0; the playlist must not change.

method method
Use the given HTTP method to create the hls files.

For example:

ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -f hls -method PUT http://example.com/live/out.m3u8

will upload all the mpegts segment files to the HTTP server using the
HTTP PUT method, and update the m3u8 files every "refresh" times using
the same method. Note that the HTTP server must support the given
method for uploading files.

http_user_agent agent
Override User-Agent field in HTTP header. Applicable only for HTTP out-
put.

var_stream_map stream_map
Specify a map string defining how to group the audio, video and subti-
tle streams into different variant streams. The variant stream groups
are separated by space.

Expected string format is like this "a:0,v:0 a:1,v:1 ....". Here a:,
v:, s: are the keys to specify audio, video and subtitle streams re-
spectively. Allowed values are 0 to 9 (limited just based on practical
usage).

When there are two or more variant streams, the output filename pattern
must contain the string "%v": this string specifies the position of
variant stream index in the output media playlist filenames. The string
"%v" may be present in the filename or in the last directory name con-
taining the file. If the string is present in the directory name, then
sub-directories are created after expanding the directory name pattern.
This enables creation of variant streams in subdirectories.

A few examples follow.

* Create two hls variant streams. The first variant stream will con-
tain video stream of bitrate 1000k and audio stream of bitrate 64k
and the second variant stream will contain video stream of bitrate
256k and audio stream of bitrate 32k. Here, two media playlist with
file names out_0.m3u8 and out_1.m3u8 will be created.

ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 256k -b:a:0 64k -b:a:1 32k \
-map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:a -f hls -var_stream_map "v:0,a:0 v:1,a:1" \
http://example.com/live/out_%v.m3u8

* If you want something meaningful text instead of indexes in result
names, you may specify names for each or some of the variants. The
following example will create two hls variant streams as in the
previous one. But here, the two media playlist with file names
out_my_hd.m3u8 and out_my_sd.m3u8 will be created.

ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 256k -b:a:0 64k -b:a:1 32k \
-map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:a -f hls -var_stream_map "v:0,a:0,name:my_hd v:1,a:1,name:my_sd" \
http://example.com/live/out_%v.m3u8

* Create three hls variant streams. The first variant stream will be
a video only stream with video bitrate 1000k, the second variant
stream will be an audio only stream with bitrate 64k and the third
variant stream will be a video only stream with bitrate 256k. Here,
three media playlist with file names out_0.m3u8, out_1.m3u8 and
out_2.m3u8 will be created.

ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 256k -b:a:0 64k \
-map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -f hls -var_stream_map "v:0 a:0 v:1" \
http://example.com/live/out_%v.m3u8

* Create the variant streams in subdirectories. Here, the first media
playlist is created at http://example.com/live/vs_0/out.m3u8 and
the second one at http://example.com/live/vs_1/out.m3u8.

ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 256k -b:a:0 64k -b:a:1 32k \
-map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:a -f hls -var_stream_map "v:0,a:0 v:1,a:1" \
http://example.com/live/vs_%v/out.m3u8

* Create two audio only and two video only variant streams. In addi-
tion to the "#EXT-X-STREAM-INF" tag for each variant stream in the
master playlist, the "#EXT-X-MEDIA" tag is also added for the two
audio only variant streams and they are mapped to the two video
only variant streams with audio group names 'aud_low' and
'aud_high'. By default, a single hls variant containing all the
encoded streams is created.

ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:a:0 32k -b:a:1 64k -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 3000k \
-map 0:a -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:v -f hls \
-var_stream_map "a:0,agroup:aud_low a:1,agroup:aud_high v:0,agroup:aud_low v:1,agroup:aud_high" \
-master_pl_name master.m3u8 \
http://example.com/live/out_%v.m3u8

* Create two audio only and one video only variant streams. In addi-
tion to the "#EXT-X-STREAM-INF" tag for each variant stream in the
master playlist, the "#EXT-X-MEDIA" tag is also added for the two
audio only variant streams and they are mapped to the one video
only variant streams with audio group name 'aud_low', and the audio
group have default stat is NO or YES. By default, a single hls
variant containing all the encoded streams is created.

ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:a:0 32k -b:a:1 64k -b:v:0 1000k \
-map 0:a -map 0:a -map 0:v -f hls \
-var_stream_map "a:0,agroup:aud_low,default:yes a:1,agroup:aud_low v:0,agroup:aud_low" \
-master_pl_name master.m3u8 \
http://example.com/live/out_%v.m3u8

* Create two audio only and one video only variant streams. In addi-
tion to the "#EXT-X-STREAM-INF" tag for each variant stream in the
master playlist, the "#EXT-X-MEDIA" tag is also added for the two
audio only variant streams and they are mapped to the one video
only variant streams with audio group name 'aud_low', and the audio
group have default stat is NO or YES, and one audio have and lan-
guage is named ENG, the other audio language is named CHN. By de-
fault, a single hls variant containing all the encoded streams is
created.

ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:a:0 32k -b:a:1 64k -b:v:0 1000k \
-map 0:a -map 0:a -map 0:v -f hls \
-var_stream_map "a:0,agroup:aud_low,default:yes,language:ENG a:1,agroup:aud_low,language:CHN v:0,agroup:aud_low" \
-master_pl_name master.m3u8 \
http://example.com/live/out_%v.m3u8

* Create a single variant stream. Add the "#EXT-X-MEDIA" tag with
"TYPE=SUBTITLES" in the master playlist with webvtt subtitle group
name 'subtitle' and optional subtitle name, e.g. 'English'. Make
sure the input file has one text subtitle stream at least.

ffmpeg -y -i input_with_subtitle.mkv \
-b:v:0 5250k -c:v h264 -pix_fmt yuv420p -profile:v main -level 4.1 \
-b:a:0 256k \
-c:s webvtt -c:a mp2 -ar 48000 -ac 2 -map 0:v -map 0:a:0 -map 0:s:0 \
-f hls -var_stream_map "v:0,a:0,s:0,sgroup:subtitle,sname:English" \
-master_pl_name master.m3u8 -t 300 -hls_time 10 -hls_init_time 4 -hls_list_size \
10 -master_pl_publish_rate 10 -hls_flags \
delete_segments+discont_start+split_by_time ./tmp/video.m3u8

cc_stream_map cc_stream_map
Map string which specifies different closed captions groups and their
attributes. The closed captions stream groups are separated by space.

Expected string format is like this "ccgroup:<group name>,in-
streamid:<INSTREAM-ID>,language:<language code> ....". 'ccgroup' and
'instreamid' are mandatory attributes. 'language' is an optional at-
tribute.

The closed captions groups configured using this option are mapped to
different variant streams by providing the same 'ccgroup' name in the
var_stream_map string.

For example:

ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:v:0 1000k -b:v:1 256k -b:a:0 64k -b:a:1 32k \
-a53cc:0 1 -a53cc:1 1 \
-map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:a -f hls \
-cc_stream_map "ccgroup:cc,instreamid:CC1,language:en ccgroup:cc,instreamid:CC2,language:sp" \
-var_stream_map "v:0,a:0,ccgroup:cc v:1,a:1,ccgroup:cc" \
-master_pl_name master.m3u8 \
http://example.com/live/out_%v.m3u8

will add two "#EXT-X-MEDIA" tags with "TYPE=CLOSED-CAPTIONS" in the
master playlist for the INSTREAM-IDs 'CC1' and 'CC2'. Also, it will add
"CLOSED-CAPTIONS" attribute with group name 'cc' for the two output
variant streams.

If var_stream_map is not set, then the first available ccgroup in
cc_stream_map is mapped to the output variant stream.

For example:

ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -b:v 1000k -b:a 64k -a53cc 1 -f hls \
-cc_stream_map "ccgroup:cc,instreamid:CC1,language:en" \
-master_pl_name master.m3u8 \
http://example.com/live/out.m3u8

this will add "#EXT-X-MEDIA" tag with "TYPE=CLOSED-CAPTIONS" in the
master playlist with group name 'cc', language 'en' (english) and IN-
STREAM-ID 'CC1'. Also, it will add "CLOSED-CAPTIONS" attribute with
group name 'cc' for the output variant stream.

master_pl_name name
Create HLS master playlist with the given name.

For example:

ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -f hls -master_pl_name master.m3u8 http://example.com/live/out.m3u8

creates an HLS master playlist with name master.m3u8 which is published
at <http://example.com/live/>.

master_pl_publish_rate count
Publish master play list repeatedly every after specified number of
segment intervals.

For example:

ffmpeg -re -i in.ts -f hls -master_pl_name master.m3u8 \
-hls_time 2 -master_pl_publish_rate 30 http://example.com/live/out.m3u8

creates an HLS master playlist with name master.m3u8 and keeps publish-
ing it repeatedly every after 30 segments i.e. every after 60s.

http_persistent bool
Use persistent HTTP connections. Applicable only for HTTP output.

timeout timeout
Set timeout for socket I/O operations. Applicable only for HTTP output.

ignore_io_errors bool
Ignore IO errors during open, write and delete. Useful for long-dura-
tion runs with network output.

headers headers
Set custom HTTP headers, can override built in default headers. Applic-
able only for HTTP output.

iamf
Immersive Audio Model and Formats (IAMF) muxer.

IAMF is used to provide immersive audio content for presentation on a wide
range of devices in both streaming and offline applications. These applica-
tions include internet audio streaming, multicasting/broadcasting services,
file download, gaming, communication, virtual and augmented reality, and
others. In these applications, audio may be played back on a wide range of
devices, e.g., headphones, mobile phones, tablets, TVs, sound bars, home
theater systems, and big screens.

This format was promoted and designed by Alliance for Open Media.

For more information about this format, see <https://aomedia.org/iamf/>.

ico
ICO file muxer.

Microsoft's icon file format (ICO) has some strict limitations that should
be noted:

* Size cannot exceed 256 pixels in any dimension

* Only BMP and PNG images can be stored

* If a BMP image is used, it must be one of the following pixel formats:

BMP Bit Depth FFmpeg Pixel Format
1bit pal8
4bit pal8
8bit pal8
16bit rgb555le
24bit bgr24
32bit bgra

* If a BMP image is used, it must use the BITMAPINFOHEADER DIB header

* If a PNG image is used, it must use the rgba pixel format

ilbc
Internet Low Bitrate Codec (iLBC) raw muxer.

It accepts a single ilbc audio stream.

image2, image2pipe
Image file muxer.

The image2 muxer writes video frames to image files.

The output filenames are specified by a pattern, which can be used to pro-
duce sequentially numbered series of files. The pattern may contain the
string "%d" or "%0Nd", this string specifies the position of the characters
representing a numbering in the filenames. If the form "%0Nd" is used, the
string representing the number in each filename is 0-padded to N digits.
The literal character '%' can be specified in the pattern with the string
"%%".

If the pattern contains "%d" or "%0Nd", the first filename of the file list
specified will contain the number 1, all the following numbers will be se-
quential.

The pattern may contain a suffix which is used to automatically determine
the format of the image files to write.

For example the pattern "img-%03d.bmp" will specify a sequence of filenames
of the form img-001.bmp, img-002.bmp, ..., img-010.bmp, etc. The pattern
"img%%-%d.jpg" will specify a sequence of filenames of the form img%-1.jpg,
img%-2.jpg, ..., img%-10.jpg, etc.

The image muxer supports the .Y.U.V image file format. This format is spe-
cial in that each image frame consists of three files, for each of the
YUV420P components. To read or write this image file format, specify the
name of the '.Y' file. The muxer will automatically open the '.U' and '.V'
files as required.

The image2pipe muxer accepts the same options as the image2 muxer, but ig-
nores the pattern verification and expansion, as it is supposed to write to
the command output rather than to an actual stored file.

Options

frame_pts bool
If set to 1, expand the filename with the packet PTS (presentation time
stamp). Default value is 0.

start_number count
Start the sequence from the specified number. Default value is 1.

update bool
If set to 1, the filename will always be interpreted as just a file-
name, not a pattern, and the corresponding file will be continuously
overwritten with new images. Default value is 0.

strftime bool
If set to 1, expand the filename with date and time information from
strftime(). Default value is 0.

atomic_writing bool
Write output to a temporary file, which is renamed to target filename
once writing is completed. Default is disabled.

protocol_opts options_list
Set protocol options as a :-separated list of key=value parameters.
Values containing the ":" special character must be escaped.

Examples

* Use ffmpeg for creating a sequence of files img-001.jpeg, img-002.jpeg,
..., taking one image every second from the input video:

ffmpeg -i in.avi -vsync cfr -r 1 -f image2 'img-%03d.jpeg'

Note that with ffmpeg, if the format is not specified with the "-f" op-
tion and the output filename specifies an image file format, the image2
muxer is automatically selected, so the previous command can be written
as:

ffmpeg -i in.avi -vsync cfr -r 1 'img-%03d.jpeg'

Note also that the pattern must not necessarily contain "%d" or "%0Nd",
for example to create a single image file img.jpeg from the start of
the input video you can employ the command:

ffmpeg -i in.avi -f image2 -frames:v 1 img.jpeg

* The strftime option allows you to expand the filename with date and
time information. Check the documentation of the strftime() function
for the syntax.

To generate image files from the strftime() "%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S" pat-
tern, the following ffmpeg command can be used:

ffmpeg -f v4l2 -r 1 -i /dev/video0 -f image2 -strftime 1 "%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S.jpg"

* Set the file name with current frame's PTS:

ffmpeg -f v4l2 -r 1 -i /dev/video0 -copyts -f image2 -frame_pts true %d.jpg

* Publish contents of your desktop directly to a WebDAV server every sec-
ond:

ffmpeg -f x11grab -framerate 1 -i :0.0 -q:v 6 -update 1 -protocol_opts method=PUT http://example.com/desktop.jpg

ircam
Berkeley / IRCAM / CARL Sound Filesystem (BICSF) format muxer.

The Berkeley/IRCAM/CARL Sound Format, developed in the 1980s, is a result
of the merging of several different earlier sound file formats and systems
including the csound system developed by Dr Gareth Loy at the Computer Au-
dio Research Lab (CARL) at UC San Diego, the IRCAM sound file system devel-
oped by Rob Gross and Dan Timis at the Institut de Recherche et Coordina-
tion Acoustique / Musique in Paris and the Berkeley Fast Filesystem.

It was developed initially as part of the Berkeley/IRCAM/CARL Sound
Filesystem, a suite of programs designed to implement a filesystem for au-
dio applications running under Berkeley UNIX. It was particularly popular
in academic music research centres, and was used a number of times in the
creation of early computer-generated compositions.

This muxer accepts a single audio stream containing PCM data.

ivf
On2 IVF muxer.

IVF was developed by On2 Technologies (formerly known as Duck Corporation),
to store internally developed codecs.

This muxer accepts a single vp8, vp9, or av1 video stream.

jacosub
JACOsub subtitle format muxer.

This muxer accepts a single jacosub subtitles stream.

For more information about the format, see <http://unicorn.us.com/jaco-
sub/jscripts.html>.

kvag
Simon & Schuster Interactive VAG muxer.

This custom VAG container is used by some Simon & Schuster Interactive
games such as "Real War", and "Real War: Rogue States".

This muxer accepts a single adpcm_ima_ssi audio stream.

lc3
Bluetooth SIG Low Complexity Communication Codec audio (LC3), or ETSI TS
103 634 Low Complexity Communication Codec plus (LC3plus).

This muxer accepts a single lc3 audio stream.

lrc
LRC lyrics file format muxer.

LRC (short for LyRiCs) is a computer file format that synchronizes song
lyrics with an audio file, such as MP3, Vorbis, or MIDI.

This muxer accepts a single subrip or text subtitles stream.

Metadata

The following metadata tags are converted to the format corresponding meta-
data:

title
album
artist
author
creator
encoder
encoder_version

If encoder_version is not explicitly set, it is automatically set to the
libavformat version.

matroska
Matroska container muxer.

This muxer implements the matroska and webm container specs.

Metadata

The recognized metadata settings in this muxer are:

title
Set title name provided to a single track. This gets mapped to the
FileDescription element for a stream written as attachment.

language
Specify the language of the track in the Matroska languages form.

The language can be either the 3 letters bibliographic ISO-639-2 (ISO
639-2/B) form (like "fre" for French), or a language code mixed with a
country code for specialities in languages (like "fre-ca" for Canadian
French).

stereo_mode
Set stereo 3D video layout of two views in a single video track.

The following values are recognized:

monovideo is not stereo

left_right
Both views are arranged side by side, Left-eye view is on the left

bottom_top
Both views are arranged in top-bottom orientation, Left-eye view is
at bottom

top_bottom
Both views are arranged in top-bottom orientation, Left-eye view is
on top

checkerboard_rl
Each view is arranged in a checkerboard interleaved pattern,
Left-eye view being first

checkerboard_lr
Each view is arranged in a checkerboard interleaved pattern,
Right-eye view being first

row_interleaved_rl
Each view is constituted by a row based interleaving, Right-eye
view is first row

row_interleaved_lr
Each view is constituted by a row based interleaving, Left-eye view
is first row

col_interleaved_rl
Both views are arranged in a column based interleaving manner,
Right-eye view is first column

col_interleaved_lr
Both views are arranged in a column based interleaving manner,
Left-eye view is first column

anaglyph_cyan_red
All frames are in anaglyph format viewable through red-cyan filters

right_left
Both views are arranged side by side, Right-eye view is on the left

anaglyph_green_magenta
All frames are in anaglyph format viewable through green-magenta
filters

block_lr
Both eyes laced in one Block, Left-eye view is first

block_rl
Both eyes laced in one Block, Right-eye view is first

For example a 3D WebM clip can be created using the following command line:

ffmpeg -i sample_left_right_clip.mpg -an -c:v libvpx -metadata stereo_mode=left_right -y stereo_clip.webm

Options

reserve_index_space size
By default, this muxer writes the index for seeking (called cues in Ma-
troska terms) at the end of the file, because it cannot know in advance
how much space to leave for the index at the beginning of the file.
However for some use cases -- e.g. streaming where seeking is possible
but slow -- it is useful to put the index at the beginning of the file.

If this option is set to a non-zero value, the muxer will reserve size
bytes of space in the file header and then try to write the cues there
when the muxing finishes. If the reserved space does not suffice, no
Cues will be written, the file will be finalized and writing the
trailer will return an error. A safe size for most use cases should be
about 50kB per hour of video.

Note that cues are only written if the output is seekable and this op-
tion will have no effect if it is not.

cues_to_front bool
If set, the muxer will write the index at the beginning of the file by
shifting the main data if necessary. This can be combined with re-
serve_index_space in which case the data is only shifted if the ini-
tially reserved space turns out to be insufficient.

This option is ignored if the output is unseekable.

cluster_size_limit size
Store at most the provided amount of bytes in a cluster.

If not specified, the limit is set automatically to a sensible hard-
coded fixed value.

cluster_time_limit duration
Store at most the provided number of milliseconds in a cluster.

If not specified, the limit is set automatically to a sensible hard-
coded fixed value.

dash bool
Create a WebM file conforming to WebM DASH specification. By default it
is set to "false".

dash_track_number index
Track number for the DASH stream. By default it is set to 1.

live bool
Write files assuming it is a live stream. By default it is set to
"false".

allow_raw_vfw bool
Allow raw VFW mode. By default it is set to "false".

write_crc32 bool
Write a CRC32 element inside every Level 1 element. By default it is
set to "true". This option is ignored for WebM.

default_mode mode
Control how the FlagDefault of the output tracks will be set. It in-
fluences which tracks players should play by default. The default mode
is passthrough.

infer
Every track with disposition default will have the FlagDefault set.
Additionally, for each type of track (audio, video or subtitle), if
no track with disposition default of this type exists, then the
first track of this type will be marked as default (if existing).
This ensures that the default flag is set in a sensible way even if
the input originated from containers that lack the concept of de-
fault tracks.

infer_no_subs
This mode is the same as infer except that if no subtitle track
with disposition default exists, no subtitle track will be marked
as default.

passthrough
In this mode the FlagDefault is set if and only if the AV_DISPOSI-
TION_DEFAULT flag is set in the disposition of the corresponding
stream.

md5
MD5 testing format.

This is a variant of the hash muxer. Unlike that muxer, it defaults to us-
ing the MD5 hash function.

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