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KAKASI(1)		     General Commands Manual		       KAKASI(1)

NAME
     KAKASI - Kanji kana simple inverter (between Kanji, both Kana and Romaji)

SYNOPSIS
     kakasi [options] [jisyo1 [jisyo2 [jisyo1,,]]]

DESCRIPTION
     KAKASI In Japanese sentences are often made up a mixture of Chinese charac-
     ters  (Kanji),  Kana  (Hiragana  and Katakana) and Romaji (Latin phonetical
     pronunciation).  This program converts between these four different ways of
     writing Japanese.

     This program is useful for those whose terminal or desktop does not support
     the native display of Japanese.  Also this is a great tool  for  those  who
     are learning Japanese (international students and children etc).

     A word can be passed into the standard input (stdin), then it is translated
     and output to standard out (stdout).  In the following example the "bunchu"
     Kanji is converted into Hiragana.

	       kakasi -JH < document

     Since  version  2.3.0 text with spaces in-between words has been supported.
     In the following example the output has spaces in-between each word.

	       kakasi -w < document

     Since version 2.3.5 level conversion mode has been supported.  In the  fol-
     lowing example, simple Kanjis are left them unconverted, and difficult Kan-
     jis are translated into Hiragana.

	       kakasi -l4 < document

     KAKASI  It is possible to convert letters to alphabetical characters.  Also
     Katakana letters in the JIS x0201 character set and the Hiragana in the JIS
     x0208 character set can be converted between each other.

     KAKASI The following character set in brackets which is displayed.

     ASCII (a) Known as "ascii" character set.

     JISROMAN (j)
	       Known as "jis roman" character set.

     GRAPHIC (g)
	       It is the DEC graphic character set.

     Katakana (k)
	       JIS x0201, defined as part of the GR character set.

	       As a matter of convinience, JIS x0208 is divided as stated below.

     Kanji (J)
	       JIS x0208 characters included between 16 and 94 sections.

     Hiragana (H)
	       JIS x0208 characters included in section 4 (Hiragana)

     Katakana (K)
	       JIS x0208 characters included in section 5 (Katakana)

     Sign (E)
	       JIS x0208 characters included in section 1,2,3,6,7, and 8.  (Note
	       that section 9-15 are undefined in JIS x0208.)

     Translation between the following character sets are available.

     ASCII	  -> JISROMAN, Sign

     JISROMAN	  -> ASCII, Sign

     GRAPHIC	  -> ASCII, JISROMAN, Sign

     JISx0201 Katakana
		  -> ASCII, JISROMAN, Kana, Hiragana

     Sign	  -> ASCII, JISROMAN

     Katakana	  -> ASCII, JISROMAN, JISx0201 Katakana, Hiragana

     Hiragana	  -> ASCII, JISROMAN, JISx0201 Katakana, Kana

     Kanji	  -> ASCII, JISROMAN, JISx0201 Katakana, Kana, Hiragana

     With conversion of ASCII and the JISROMAN the alphabetical  character  con-
     version is done from JISx0201 Katakana, Katakana, Hiragana and Kanji.

     Example:

	 1. All kanji characters are converted to Hiragana.

	     kakasi -JH

	 2. All JIS x0208 characters are converted to JIS X 0201.

	     kakasi -Hk -Kk -Jk -Ea

	 3. All characters are converted to JIS X 0208.

	     kakasi -aE -jE -gE -kK

	 4. All characters are converted to ascii and words are separated.

	     kakasi -Ha -Ka -Ja -Ea -ka

	 5. Exchange between Katakana and Hiragana characters.

	     kakasi -HK -KH

CONVERSION DESIGNATED CHARACTER SET
     Some  character  sets  are categorized by kakasi and indicated by following
     mnemonics: a, j, g, k, E, H, K, J.

	   a --- ASCII characters
	   j --- JIS ROMAN ( nearly equal to ASCII, "~" and "
		 different ) defined by JIS x0201
	   g --- DEC Graphic Characters
	   k --- KATAKANA defined by JIS x0201

     E, H, K, and J are included in JIS x0208 character set.

	   J --- KANJI characters of JIS x0208.
	   H --- HIRAGANA characters of JIS x0208.
	   K --- KATAKANA characters of JIS x0208.
	   E --- Rest of above characters of JIS x0208 which includes
		 alphabets, numbers, symbols and so on.

     -(from)(to) means conversion from character set (from) to (to).  For  exam-
     ple, -JK option causes KANJI characters are converted to HIRAGANA. Combina-
     tions in the following table are available.  (You must not remember it, be-
     cause the -h shows same information)

	   toom|    a	 j    k    E	H     K    J	g
	   -------+--------------------------------------------
	      a   |    -    o	 o1   o    o1	 o1   o12  o
	      j   |    o    -	 o1   o    o1	 o1   o12  o
	      k   |		 -	   o	 o    o2
	      E   |    o    o	      - 		   o
	      H   |		 o	   -	 o    o2
	      K   |		 o	   o	 -

	   o  -- converted.
	   1  -- converted to Romaji.
	   2  -- Kanji -> Kana conversion.

KANJI CODING CONVERSION
     Unfortunately, several coding systems are used in Japan and JIS x0208 stan-
     dard  are	changed at 1983. Therefore, KAKASI can automatically distinguish
     the coding system and coding revision and then use the same  output  coding
     system  if  the document does not include JIS x0201 KATAKANA.  If JIS x0201
     KATAKANA is included or you wish to change kanji coding system, you may use
     the next options.

	   -i : input coding
	   -o : output coding

	   jis -- Widely used on the internet. (Ex: fj, jp, .. newsgroups)
		  Derived from ISO-2022 coding manner.
		  newjis: JISx0208 (1983) invoked by ESC-$-B.
		  oldjis: JISx0208 (1978) invoked by ESC-$-@.
	   euc,dec -- Often used in UNIX like computers. JISx0208 is
		  assigned to GR ( MSB is 1 ). The major difference between
		  euc and dec is assignment of JISx0201 KATAKANA and
		  the DEC graphic character.
	   sjis -- Defined by Microsoft Corp. Widely used on the personal
		  computers ( MSDOS, Mac, .. )

ROMAJI CONVERSION
     Kanji kana conversion options. Used with -J? option.  There are 2 types  of
     Romaji writing.  The first is the Kunrei method defined by Japanese govern-
     ment,  and the second is the Hepburn method.  I think Hepburn method sounds
     naturally to foreigners.

	   -rhepburn : Hepburn Method (default)
	   -rkunrei  : Kunrei Method

OTHER OPTIONS
	   -p: List all possible readings. If there exist two or more
	       possible readings, KAKASI shows them in braces {aaa,bbb}.
	   -s: Insert a separate character between words.
	   -f: Furigana mode. Shows the original kanji word with reading.
	   -c: Skip characters within word. ( default TAB CR LF BLANK )
	   -C: Capitalize Romaji word (with -Ja or -Jj option)
	   -U: Upcase romaji word (with -Ja or -Jj option)
	   -u: Call fflush().
	   -w: wakatigaki mode. 'wakatigaki' is word segmentation for
	       Japanese sentences.

DICTIONARIES
     KAKASI can accept additional dictionary to the system dictionary.	The  ac-
     ceptable format of additional dictionary is SKK format, and Wnn format, and
     so on.  Namely, each record is one line with two fields, Yomi (reading) and
     Jukugo(idiom).   Fields  are separated with commas (or TAB, or blank).  The
     kanji code is restricted to JIS or EUC.  See another document  named  JISYO
     for more details.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
     The behavior is affected by the following environment variables.

     KANWADICTPATH
	    Specifies  a  path of kanwadict (full-path including filename).  De-
	    fault value is $prefix/share/kakasi/kanwadict.

     ITAIJIDICTPATH
	    Specifies a path of itaijidict (full-path including filename).   De-
	    fault value is $prefix/share/kakasi/itaijidict.

AUTHOR
     Hironobu Takahasi <takahasi@tiny.or.jp>

FILES
     $prefix/share/kakasi/kanwadict
	    It	is a binary dictionary of KAKASI.  It is automatically converted
	    from kakasidict by mkkanwa when the package is installed.

SEE ALSO
     mkkanwa(1)

DIAGNOSTICS
     Return status except 0 when there is any trouble.

BUGS
     Report bugs to KAKASI Project <kakasi-dev@namazu.org>.  Please DO NOT  CON-
     TACT to the originator (Takahasi-san).

NOTE ABOUT ENGLISH MANUAL
     The  content of English manual is not exactly same as that of Japanese man-
     ual.

4.3 Berkeley Distribution	      LOCAL			       KAKASI(1)
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