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KDIG(1) Knot DNS KDIG(1) NAME kdig - Advanced DNS lookup utility SYNOPSIS kdig [common-settings] [query [settings]]... kdig -h DESCRIPTION This utility sends one or more DNS queries to a nameserver. Each query can have individual settings, or it can be specified globally via com- mon-settings, which must precede query specification. Parameters query name | -q name | -x address | -G tapfile common-settings, settings [query_class] [query_type] [@server]... [options] name Is a domain name that is to be looked up. server Is a domain name or an IPv4 or IPv6 address of the nameserver to send a query to. An additional port can be specified using ad- dress:port ([address]:port for IPv6 address), address@port, or address#port notation. A value which begins with '/' character is considered an absolute UNIX socket path. If no server is specified, the servers from /etc/resolv.conf are used. If no arguments are provided, kdig sends NS query for the root zone. Query classes A query_class can be either a DNS class name (IN, CH) or generic class specification CLASSXXXXX where XXXXX is a corresponding decimal class number. The default query class is IN. Query types A query_type can be either a DNS resource record type (A, AAAA, NS, SOA, DNSKEY, ANY, etc.) or one of the following: TYPEXXXXX Generic query type specification where XXXXX is a corresponding decimal type number. AXFR Full zone transfer request. IXFR=serial Incremental zone transfer request for specified SOA serial num- ber (i.e. all zone updates since the specified zone version are to be returned). NOTIFY=serial Notify message with a SOA serial hint specified. NOTIFY Notify message with a SOA serial hint unspecified. The default query type is A. Options -4 Use the IPv4 protocol only. -6 Use the IPv6 protocol only. -b address Set the source IP address of the query to address. The address must be a valid address for local interface or :: or 0.0.0.0. An optional port can be specified in the same format as the server value. -c class An explicit query_class specification. See possible values above. -d Enable debug messages. -h, --help Print the program help. -k keyfile Use the TSIG key stored in a file keyfile to authenticate the request. The file must contain the key in the same format as ac- cepted by the -y option. -p port Set the nameserver port number or service name to send a query to. The default port is 53. -q name Set the query name. An explicit variant of name specification. If no name is provided, empty question section is set. -t type An explicit query_type specification. See possible values above. -V, --version Print the program version. The option -VV makes the program print the compile time configuration summary. -x address Send a reverse (PTR) query for IPv4 or IPv6 address. The correct name, class and type is set automatically. -y [alg:]name:key Use the TSIG key named name to authenticate the request. The alg part specifies the algorithm (the default is hmac-sha256) and key specifies the shared secret encoded in Base64. -E tapfile Export a dnstap trace of the query and response messages re- ceived to the file tapfile. -G tapfile Generate message output from a previously saved dnstap file tap- file. +[no]multiline Wrap long records to more lines and improve human readability. +[no]short Show record data only. +[no]generic Use the generic representation format when printing resource record types and data. +[no]crypto Display the DNSSEC keys and signatures values in base64, instead of omitting them. Enabled by default. +[no]aaflag Set the AA flag. +[no]tcflag Set the TC flag. +[no]rdflag Set the RD flag. Enabled by default. +[no]recurse Same as +[no]rdflag +[no]raflag Set the RA flag. +[no]zflag Set the zero flag bit. +[no]adflag Set the AD flag. Enabled by default. +[no]cdflag Set the CD flag. +[no]doflag Set the DO flag. +[no]dnssec Same as +[no]doflag +[no]all Show all packet sections. +[no]qr Show the query packet. +[no]header Show the packet header. Enabled by default. +[no]comments Show commented section names. Enabled by default. +[no]opt Show the EDNS pseudosection. Enabled by default. +[no]opttext Try to show unknown EDNS options as text. +[no]optpresent Show EDNS in presentation format according to the specification in version draft-peltan-edns-presentation-format-01. +[no]question Show the question section. Enabled by default. +[no]answer Show the answer section. Enabled by default. +[no]authority Show the authority section. Enabled by default. +[no]additional Show the additional section. Enabled by default. +[no]tsig Show the TSIG pseudosection. Enabled by default. +[no]stats Show trailing packet statistics. Enabled by default. +[no]class Show the DNS class. Enabled by default. +[no]ttl Show the TTL value. Enabled by default. +[no]tcp Use the TCP protocol (default is UDP for standard query and TCP for AXFR/IXFR). +[no]fastopen Use TCP Fast Open. +[no]ignore Don't use TCP automatically if a truncated reply is received. +[no]keepopen Keep TCP connection open for the following query if it has the same connection configuration. This applies to +tcp, +tls, and +https operations. The connection is considered in the context of a single kdig call only. +[no]tls Use TLS with the Opportunistic privacy profile (RFC 7858#sec- tion-4.1). +[no]tls-ca[=FILE] Use TLS with a certificate validation. Certification authority certificates are loaded from the specified PEM file (default is system certificate storage if no argument is provided). Can be specified multiple times. If the +tls-hostname option is not provided, the name of the target server (if specified) is used for strict authentication. +[no]tls-pin=BASE64 Use TLS with the Out-of-Band key-pinned privacy profile (RFC 7858#section-4.2). The PIN must be a Base64 encoded SHA-256 hash of the X.509 SubjectPublicKeyInfo. Can be specified multi- ple times. +[no]tls-hostname=STR Use TLS with a remote server hostname check. +[no]tls-sni=STR Use TLS with a Server Name Indication. +[no]tls-keyfile=FILE Use TLS with a client keyfile. +[no]tls-certfile=FILE Use TLS with a client certfile. +[no]tls-ocsp-stapling[=H] Use TLS with a valid stapled OCSP response for the server cer- tificate (%u or specify hours). OCSP responses older than the specified period are considered invalid. +[no]https[=URL] Use HTTPS (DNS-over-HTTPS) in wire format (RFC 1035#sec- tion-4.2.1). It is also possible to specify URL=[author- ity][/path] where request will be sent to. Any leading scheme and authority indicator (i.e. //) are ignored. Authority might also be specified as the server (using the parameter @). If path is specified and authority is missing, then the server is used as authority together with the specified path. Library libnghttp2 is required. +[no]https-get Use HTTPS with HTTP/GET method instead of the default HTTP/POST method. Library libnghttp2 is required. +[no]quic Use QUIC (DNS-over-QUIC). +[no]nsid Request the nameserver identifier (NSID). +[no]zoneversion Request the EDNS zone version. +[no]bufsize=B Set EDNS buffer size in bytes (default is 1232 bytes). +[no]padding[=B] Use EDNS(0) padding option to pad queries, optionally to a spe- cific size. The default is to pad queries with a sensible amount when using +tls, and not to pad at all when queries are sent without TLS. With no argument (i.e., just +padding) pad every query with a sensible amount regardless of the use of TLS. With +nopadding, never pad. +[no]alignment[=B] Align the query to B-byte-block message using the EDNS(0) padding option (default is no or 128 if no argument is speci- fied). +[no]subnet=SUBN Set EDNS(0) client subnet SUBN=addr/prefix. +[no]edns[=N] Use EDNS version (default is 0). +[no]timeout=T Set the wait-for-reply interval in seconds (default is 5 sec- onds). This timeout applies to each query attempt. Zero value or notimeout is interpreted as infinity. +[no]retry=N Set the number (>=0) of UDP retries (default is 2). This doesn't apply to AXFR/IXFR. +[no]expire Sets the EXPIRE EDNS option. +[no]cookie[=HEX] Attach EDNS(0) cookie to the query. +[no]badcookie Repeat a query with the correct cookie. +[no]ednsopt[=CODE[:HEX]] Send custom EDNS option. The CODE is EDNS option code in deci- mal, HEX is an optional hex encoded string to use as EDNS option value. This argument can be used multiple times. +noednsopt clears all EDNS options specified by +ednsopt. +[no]proxy=SRC_ADDR[#SRC_PORT]-DST_ADDR[#DST_PORT] Add PROXYv2 header with the specified source and destination ad- dresses to the query. The default source port is 0 and destina- tion port 53. +[no]json Use JSON for output encoding (RFC 8427). +noidn Disable the IDN transformation to ASCII and vice versa. IDN sup- port depends on libidn2 availability during project building! If used in common-settings, all IDN transformations are disabled. If used in the individual query settings, transformation from ASCII is disabled on output for the particular query. Note that IDN transformation does not preserve domain name letter case. NOTES Every option is disabled by default if not mentioned otherwise. Options -k and -y can not be used simultaneously. Dnssec-keygen keyfile format is not supported. Use keymgr(8) instead. EXIT VALUES Exit status of 0 means successful operation. Any other exit status in- dicates an error. EXAMPLES 1. Get A records for example.com: $ kdig example.com A 2. Perform AXFR for zone example.com from the server 192.0.2.1: $ kdig example.com -t AXFR @192.0.2.1 3. Get A records for example.com from 192.0.2.1 and reverse lookup for address 2001:DB8::1 from 192.0.2.2. Both using the TCP protocol: $ kdig +tcp example.com -t A @192.0.2.1 -x 2001:DB8::1 @192.0.2.2 4. Get SOA record for example.com, use TLS, use system certificates, check for specified hostname, check for certificate pin, and print additional debug info: $ kdig -d @185.49.141.38 +tls-ca +tls-host=getdnsapi.net \ +tls-pin=foxZRnIh9gZpWnl+zEiKa0EJ2rdCGroMWm02gaxSc9S= soa example.com 5. DNS over HTTPS examples (various DoH implementations): $ kdig @1.1.1.1 +https example.com. $ kdig @193.17.47.1 +https=/doh example.com. $ kdig @8.8.4.4 +https +https-get example.com. $ kdig @8.8.8.8 +https +tls-hostname=dns.google +fastopen example.com. 6. More queries share one DoT connection: $ kdig @1.1.1.1 +tls +keepopen abc.example.com A mail.example.com AAAA FILES /etc/resolv.conf SEE ALSO khost(1), knsupdate(1), keymgr(8). AUTHOR CZ.NIC Labs <https://www.knot-dns.cz> COPYRIGHT Copyright 20102025, CZ.NIC, z.s.p.o. 3.4.6 2025-04-10 KDIG(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | NOTES | EXIT VALUES | EXAMPLES | FILES | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR | COPYRIGHT
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