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mtools(5) MTOOLS mtools(5) Name mtools.conf - mtools configuration files Description This manual page describes the configuration files for mtools. They are called `/usr/local/etc/mtools.conf' and `~/.mtoolsrc'. If the environ- mental variable MTOOLSRC is set, its contents is used as the filename for a third configuration file. These configuration files describe the following items: * Global configuration flags and variables * Per drive flags and variables Location of the configuration files `/usr/local/etc/mtools.conf' is the system-wide configuration file, and `~/.mtoolsrc' is the user's private configuration file. On some systems, the system-wide configuration file is called `/etc/de- fault/mtools.conf' instead. General configuration file syntax The configuration files is made up of sections. Each section starts with a keyword identifying the section followed by a colon. Then fol- low variable assignments and flags. Variable assignments take the fol- lowing form: name=value Flags are lone keywords without an equal sign and value following them. A section either ends at the end of the file or where the next section begins. Lines starting with a hash (#) are comments. Newline characters are equivalent to whitespace (except where ending a comment). The configu- ration file is case insensitive, except for item enclosed in quotes (such as filenames). Default values For most platforms, mtools contains reasonable compiled-in defaults for physical floppy drives. Thus, you usually don't need to bother with the configuration file, if all you want to do with mtools is to access your floppy drives. On the other hand, the configuration file is needed if you also want to use mtools to access your hard disk partitions and DOSEMU image files. Global variables Global flags may be set to 1 or to 0. The following global flags are recognized: MTOOLS_SKIP_CHECK If this is set to 1, mtools skips most of its sanity checks. This is needed to read some Atari disks which have been made with the earlier ROMs, and which would not be recognized other- wise. MTOOLS_FAT_COMPATIBILITY If this is set to 1, mtools skips the fat size checks. Some disks have a bigger FAT than they really need to. These are re- jected if this option is not set. MTOOLS_LOWER_CASE If this is set to 1, mtools displays all-upper-case short file- names as lowercase. This has been done to allow a behavior which is consistent with older versions of mtools which didn't know about the case bits. MTOOLS_NO_VFAT If this is set to 1, mtools won't generate VFAT entries for filenames which are mixed-case, but otherwise legal dos file- names. This is useful when working with DOS versions which can't grok VFAT long names, such as FreeDOS. MTOOLS_DOTTED_DIR In a wide directory, prints the short name with a dot instead of spaces separating the basename and the extension. MTOOLS_NAME_NUMERIC_TAIL If this is set to one (default), generate numeric tails for all long names (~1). If set to zero, only generate numeric tails if otherwise a clash would have happened. MTOOLS_TWENTY_FOUR_HOUR_CLOCK If 1, uses the European notation for times (twenty four hour clock), else uses the UK/US notation (am/pm) MTOOLS_LOCK_TIMEOUT How long, in seconds, to wait for a locked device to become free. Defaults to 30. Example: Inserting the following line into your configuration file in- structs mtools to skip the sanity checks: MTOOLS_SKIP_CHECK=1 Global variables may also be set via the environment: export MTOOLS_SKIP_CHECK=1 Global string variables may be set to any value: MTOOLS_DATE_STRING The format used for printing dates of files. By default, is dd- mm-yyyy. Per drive flags and variables General information Per drive flags and values may be described in a drive section. A drive section starts with drive "driveletter" : Then follow variable-value pairs and flags. This is a sample drive description: drive a: file="/dev/fd0" use_xdf=1 Location information For each drive, you need to describe where its data is physically stored (image file, physical device, partition, offset). file The name of the file or device holding the disk image. This is mandatory. The file name should be enclosed in quotes. partition Tells mtools to treat the drive as a partitioned device, and to use the given partition. Only primary partitions are accessible using this method, and they are numbered from 1 to 4. For logi- cal partitions, use the more general offset variable. The parti- tion variable is intended for removable media such as Syquest disks, ZIP drives, and magneto-optical disks. Although tradi- tional DOS sees Syquest disks and magneto-optical disks as `gi- ant floppy disks' which are unpartitioned, OS/2 and Windows NT treat them like hard disks, i.e. partitioned devices. The parti- tion flag is also useful DOSEMU hdimages. It is not recommended for hard disks for which direct access to partitions is avail- able through mounting. offset Describes where in the file the MS-DOS file system starts. This is useful for logical partitions in DOSEMU hdimages, and for ATARI ram disks. By default, this is zero, meaning that the file system starts right at the beginning of the device or file. Disk Geometry Configuration Geometry information describes the physical characteristics about the disk. Its has three purposes: formatting The geometry information is written into the boot sector of the newly made disk. However, you may also describe the geometry in- formation on the command line. See section mformat, for details. filtering On some Unixes there are device nodes which only support one physical geometry. For instance, you might need a different node to access a disk as high density or as low density. The geometry is compared to the actual geometry stored on the boot sector to make sure that this device node is able to correctly read the disk. If the geometry doesn't match, this drive entry fails, and the next drive entry bearing the same drive letter is tried. See section multiple descriptions, for more details on supplying several descriptions for one drive letter. If no geometry information is supplied in the configuration file, all disks are accepted. On Linux (and on SPARC) there ex- ist device nodes with configurable geometry (`/dev/fd0', `/dev/fd1' etc), and thus filtering is not needed (and ignored) for disk drives. (Mtools still does do filtering on plain files (disk images) in Linux: this is mainly intended for test pur- poses, as I don't have access to a Unix which would actually need filtering). If you do not need filtering, but want still a default geometry for mformatting, you may switch off filtering using the mfor- mat_only flag. If you want filtering, you should supply the filter flag. If you supply a geometry, you must supply one of both flags. initial geometry On devices that support it (usually floppy devices), the geome- try information is also used to set the initial geometry. This initial geometry is applied while reading the boot sector, which contains the real geometry. If no geometry information is sup- plied in the configuration file, or if the mformat_only flag is supplied, no initial configuration is done. On Linux, initial geometry is not really needed, as the config- urable devices are able to auto-detect the disk type accurately enough (for most common formats) to read the boot sector. Wrong geometry information may lead to very bizarre errors. That's why I strongly recommend that you add the mformat_only flag to your drive description, unless you really need filtering or initial geometry. The following geometry related variables are available: cylinders tracks The number of cylinders. (cylinders is the preferred form, tracks is considered obsolete) heads The number of heads (sides). sectors The number of sectors per track. Example: the following drive section describes a 1.44M drive: drive a: file="/dev/fd0H1440" fat_bits=12 cylinders=80 heads=2 sectors=18 mformat_only The following shorthand geometry descriptions are available: 1.44m high density 3 1/2 disk. Equivalent to: fat_bits=12 cylinders=80 heads=2 sectors=18 1.2m high density 5 1/4 disk. Equivalent to: fat_bits=12 cylinders=80 heads=2 sectors=15 720k double density 3 1/2 disk. Equivalent to: fat_bits=12 cylin- ders=80 heads=2 sectors=9 360k double density 5 1/4 disk. Equivalent to: fat_bits=12 cylin- ders=40 heads=2 sectors=9 The shorthand format descriptions may be amended. For example, 360k sectors=8 describes a 320k disk and is equivalent to: fat_bits=12 cylinders=40 heads=2 sectors=8 Open Flags Moreover, the following flags are available: sync All i/o operations are done synchronously nodelay The device or file is opened with the O_NDELAY flag. This is needed on some non-Linux architectures. exclusive The device or file is opened with the O_EXCL flag. On Linux, this ensures exclusive access to the floppy drive. On most other architectures, and for plain files it has no effect at all. General Purpose Drive Variables The following general purpose drive variables are available. Depending to their type, these variables can be set to a string (precmd, postcmd) or an integer (all others) fat_bits The number of FAT bits. This may be 12 or 16. This is very rarely needed, as it can almost always be deduced from informa- tion in the boot sector. On the contrary, describing the number of fat bits may actually be harmful if you get it wrong. You should only use it if mtools gets the auto-detected number of fat bits wrong, or if you want to mformat a disk with a weird number of fat bits. codepage Describes the DOS code page used for short filenames. This is a number between 1 and 999. By default, code page 850 is used. The reason for this is because this code page contains most of the characters that are also available in ISO-Latin-1. You may also specify a global code page for all drives by using the global default_codepage parameter (outside of any drive description). This parameters exists starting at version 4.0.0 data_map Remaps data from image file. This is useful for image files which might need additional zero-filled sectors to be inserted. Such is the case for instance for IBM 3174 floppy images. These images represent floppy disks with fewer sectors on their first cylinder. These missing sectors are not stored in the image, but are still counted in the filesystem layout. The data_map allows to fake these missing sectors for the upper layers of mtools. A data_map is a comma-separated sequence of source type and size. Source type may be zero for zero-filled sectors created by map, skip for data in raw image to be ignored (skipped), and nothing for data to be used as is (copied) from the raw image. Datamap is automatically complemented by an implicit last element of data to be used as is from current offset to end of file. Each size is a number followed by a unit: s for a 512 byte sector, K for Kbytes, M for megabytes, G for gigabytes, and nothing for single bytes. Example: data_map=1s,zero31s,28s,skip1s would be a map for use with IBM 3174 floppy images. First sector (1s, boot sector) is used as is. Then follow 31 fake zero-filled sectors (zero31s), then the next 28 sectors from image (28s) are used as is (they contain FAT and root directory), then one sector from image is skipped (skip1s), and finally the rest of image is used as is (implicit) precmd Executes the given command before opening the device. On some variants of Solaris, it is necessary to call 'volcheck -v' be- fore opening a floppy device, in order for the system to notice that there is indeed a disk in the drive. precmd="volcheck -v" in the drive clause establishes the desired behavior. postcmd Executes the given command after closing the device. May be useful if mtools shares the image file with some other applica- tion, in order to release the image file to that application. blocksize This parameter represents a default block size to be always used on this device. All I/O is done with multiples of this block size, independently of the sector size registered in the file system's boot sector. This is useful for character devices whose sector size is not 512, such as for example CD-ROM drives on Solaris. Only the file variable is mandatory. The other parameters may be left out. In that case a default value or an auto-detected value is used. General Purpose Drive Flags A flag can either be set to 1 (enabled) or 0 (disabled). If the value is omitted, it is enabled. For example, scsi is equivalent to scsi=1 nolock Instruct mtools to not use locking on this drive. This is needed on systems with buggy locking semantics. However, en- abling this makes operation less safe in cases where several users may access the same drive at the same time. scsi When set to 1, this option tells mtools to use raw SCSI I/O in- stead of the standard read/write calls to access the device. Currently, this is supported on HP-UX, Solaris and SunOS. This is needed because on some architectures, such as SunOS or So- laris, PC media can't be accessed using the read and write sys- tem calls, because the OS expects them to contain a Sun specific "disk label". As raw SCSI access always uses the whole device, you need to specify the "partition" flag in addition On some architectures, such as Solaris, mtools needs root privi- leges to be able to use the scsi option. Thus mtools should be installed setuid root on Solaris if you want to access Zip/Jaz drives. Thus, if the scsi flag is given, privileged is automat- ically implied, unless explicitly disabled by privileged=0 Mtools uses its root privileges to open the device, and to issue the actual SCSI I/O calls. Moreover, root privileges are only used for drives described in a system-wide configuration file such as `/usr/local/etc/mtools.conf', and not for those de- scribed in `~/.mtoolsrc' or `$MTOOLSRC'. privileged When set to 1, this instructs mtools to use its setuid and set- gid privileges for opening the given drive. This option is only valid for drives described in the system-wide configuration files (such as `/usr/local/etc/mtools.conf', not `~/.mtoolsrc' or `$MTOOLSRC'). Obviously, this option is also a no op if mtools is not installed setuid or setgid. This option is im- plied by 'scsi=1', but again only for drives defined in system- wide configuration files. Privileged may also be set explicitly to 0, in order to tell mtools not to use its privileges for a given drive even if scsi=1 is set. Mtools only needs to be installed setuid if you use the privi- leged or scsi drive variables. If you do not use these options, mtools works perfectly well even when not installed setuid root. vold Instructs mtools to interpret the device name as a vold identi- fier rather than as a filename. The vold identifier is trans- lated into a real filename using the media_findname() and me- dia_oldaliases() functions of the volmgt library. This flag is only available if you configured mtools with the --enable-new- vold option before compilation. swap Consider the media as a word-swapped Atari disk. use_xdf If this is set to a non-zero value, mtools also tries to access this disk as an XDF disk. XDF is a high capacity format used by OS/2. This is off by default. See section XDF, for more details. mformat_only Tells mtools to use the geometry for this drive only for mfor- matting and not for filtering. filter Tells mtools to use the geometry for this drive both for mfor- matting and filtering. remote Tells mtools to connect to floppyd (see section floppyd). Supplying multiple descriptions for a drive It is possible to supply multiple descriptions for a drive. In that case, the descriptions are tried in order until one is found that fits. Descriptions may fail for several reasons: 1. because the geometry is not appropriate, 2. because there is no disk in the drive, 3. or because of other problems. Multiple definitions are useful when using physical devices which are only able to support one single disk geometry. Example: drive a: file="/dev/fd0H1440" 1.44m drive a: file="/dev/fd0H720" 720k This instructs mtools to use /dev/fd0H1440 for 1.44m (high density) disks and /dev/fd0H720 for 720k (double density) disks. On Linux, this feature is not really needed, as the /dev/fd0 device is able to handle any geometry. You may also use multiple drive descriptions to access both of your physical drives through one drive letter: drive z: file="/dev/fd0" drive z: file="/dev/fd1" With this description, mdir z: accesses your first physical drive if it contains a disk. If the first drive doesn't contain a disk, mtools checks the second drive. When using multiple configuration files, drive descriptions in the files parsed last override descriptions for the same drive in earlier files. In order to avoid this, use the drive+ or +drive keywords in- stead of drive. The first adds a description to the end of the list (i.e. it will be tried last), and the first adds it to the start of the list. Location of configuration files and parsing order The configuration files are parsed in the following order: 1. compiled-in defaults 2. `/usr/local/etc/mtools.conf' 3. `~/.mtoolsrc'. 4. `$MTOOLSRC' (file pointed by the MTOOLSRC environmental vari- able) Options described in the later files override those described in the earlier files. Drives defined in earlier files persist if they are not overridden in the later files. For instance, drives A and B may be de- fined in `/usr/local/etc/mtools.conf' and drives C and D may be defined in `~/.mtoolsrc' However, if `~/.mtoolsrc' also defines drive A, this new description would override the description of drive A in `/usr/lo- cal/etc/mtools.conf' instead of adding to it. If you want to add a new description to a drive already described in an earlier file, you need to use either the +drive or drive+ keyword. Backwards compatibility with old configuration file syntax The syntax described herein is new for version mtools-3.0. The old line-oriented syntax is still supported. Each line beginning with a single letter is considered to be a drive description using the old syntax. Old style and new style drive sections may be mixed within the same configuration file, in order to make upgrading easier. Support for the old syntax will be phased out eventually, and in order to discour- age its use, I purposefully omit its description here. See also mtools MTOOLS 19Jan25 mtools(5)
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