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MYSQLDUMP(1) MySQL Database System MYSQLDUMP(1)

NAME
mysqldump - a database backup program

SYNOPSIS

mysqldump [options] [db_name [tbl_name ...]]

DESCRIPTION
The mysqldump client utility performs logical backups, producing a set
of SQL statements that can be executed to reproduce the original
database object definitions and table data. It dumps one or more MySQL
databases for backup or transfer to another SQL server. The mysqldump
command can also generate output in CSV, other delimited text, or XML
format.

Tip

Consider using the MySQL Shell dump utilities[1], which provide
parallel dumping with multiple threads, file compression, and
progress information display, as well as cloud features such as
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Object Storage streaming, and MySQL
HeatWave compatibility checks and modifications. Dumps can be
easily imported into a MySQL Server instance or a MySQL HeatWave DB
System using the MySQL Shell load dump utilities[2]. Installation
instructions for MySQL Shell can be found here[3].

• Performance and Scalability Considerations

• Invocation Syntax

• Option Syntax - Alphabetical Summary

• Connection Options

• Option-File Options

• DDL Options

• Debug Options

• Help Options

• Internationalization Options

• Replication Options

• Format Options

• Filtering Options

• Performance Options

• Transactional Options

• Option Groups

• Examples

• Restrictions

mysqldump requires at least the SELECT privilege for dumped tables,
SHOW VIEW for dumped views, TRIGGER for dumped triggers, LOCK TABLES if
the --single-transaction option is not used, PROCESS (as of MySQL
8.0.21) if the --no-tablespaces option is not used, and (as of MySQL
8.0.32) the RELOAD or FLUSH_TABLES privilege with --single-transaction
if both gtid_mode=ON and gtid_purged=ON|AUTO. Certain options might
require other privileges as noted in the option descriptions.

To reload a dump file, you must have the privileges required to execute
the statements that it contains, such as the appropriate CREATE
privileges for objects created by those statements.

mysqldump output can include ALTER DATABASE statements that change the
database collation. These may be used when dumping stored programs to
preserve their character encodings. To reload a dump file containing
such statements, the ALTER privilege for the affected database is
required.

Note

A dump made using PowerShell on Windows with output redirection
creates a file that has UTF-16 encoding:

mysqldump [options] > dump.sql

However, UTF-16 is not permitted as a connection character set (see
the section called "Impermissible Client Character Sets"), so the
dump file cannot be loaded correctly. To work around this issue,
use the --result-file option, which creates the output in ASCII
format:

mysqldump [options] --result-file=dump.sql

It is not recommended to load a dump file when GTIDs are enabled on the
server (gtid_mode=ON), if your dump file includes system tables.
mysqldump issues DML instructions for the system tables which use the
non-transactional MyISAM storage engine, and this combination is not
permitted when GTIDs are enabled. Performance and Scalability
Considerations

mysqldump advantages include the convenience and flexibility of viewing
or even editing the output before restoring. You can clone databases
for development and DBA work, or produce slight variations of an
existing database for testing. It is not intended as a fast or scalable
solution for backing up substantial amounts of data. With large data
sizes, even if the backup step takes a reasonable time, restoring the
data can be very slow because replaying the SQL statements involves
disk I/O for insertion, index creation, and so on.

For large-scale backup and restore, a physical backup is more
appropriate, to copy the data files in their original format so that
they can be restored quickly.

If your tables are primarily InnoDB tables, or if you have a mix of
InnoDB and MyISAM tables, consider using mysqlbackup, which is
available as part of MySQL Enterprise. This tool provides high
performance for InnoDB backups with minimal disruption; it can also
back up tables from MyISAM and other storage engines; it also provides
a number of convenient options to accommodate different backup
scenarios. See Section 32.1, "MySQL Enterprise Backup Overview".

mysqldump can retrieve and dump table contents row by row, or it can
retrieve the entire content from a table and buffer it in memory before
dumping it. Buffering in memory can be a problem if you are dumping
large tables. To dump tables row by row, use the --quick option (or
--opt, which enables --quick). The --opt option (and hence --quick) is
enabled by default, so to enable memory buffering, use --skip-quick.

If you are using a recent version of mysqldump to generate a dump to be
reloaded into a very old MySQL server, use the --skip-opt option
instead of the --opt or --extended-insert option.

For additional information about mysqldump, see Section 9.4, "Using
mysqldump for Backups". Invocation Syntax

There are in general three ways to use mysqldump--in order to dump a
set of one or more tables, a set of one or more complete databases, or
an entire MySQL server--as shown here:

mysqldump [options] db_name [tbl_name ...]
mysqldump [options] --databases db_name ...
mysqldump [options] --all-databases

To dump entire databases, do not name any tables following db_name, or
use the --databases or --all-databases option.

To see a list of the options your version of mysqldump supports, issue
the command mysqldump --help. Option Syntax - Alphabetical Summary

mysqldump supports the following options, which can be specified on the
command line or in the [mysqldump] and [client] groups of an option
file. For information about option files used by MySQL programs, see
Section 6.2.2.2, "Using Option Files". Connection Options

The mysqldump command logs into a MySQL server to extract information.
The following options specify how to connect to the MySQL server,
either on the same machine or a remote system.

• --bind-address=ip_address
+---------------------+---------------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --bind-address=ip_address |
+---------------------+---------------------------+

On a computer having multiple network interfaces, use this option
to select which interface to use for connecting to the MySQL
server.

• --compress, -C
+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --compress[={OFF|ON}] |
+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Deprecated | 8.0.18 |
+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Type | Boolean |
+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Default Value | OFF |
+---------------------+-----------------------+

Compress all information sent between the client and the server if
possible. See Section 6.2.8, "Connection Compression Control".

As of MySQL 8.0.18, this option is deprecated. Expect it to be
removed in a future version of MySQL. See the section called
"Configuring Legacy Connection Compression".

The permitted compression algorithms for connections to the server.
The available algorithms are the same as for the
protocol_compression_algorithms system variable. The default value
is uncompressed.

For more information, see Section 6.2.8, "Connection Compression
Control".

This option was added in MySQL 8.0.18.

A hint about which client-side authentication plugin to use. See
Section 8.2.17, "Pluggable Authentication".

Enable the mysql_clear_password cleartext authentication plugin.
(See Section 8.4.1.4, "Client-Side Cleartext Pluggable
Authentication".)

Request from the server the public key required for RSA key
pair-based password exchange. This option applies to clients that
authenticate with the caching_sha2_password authentication plugin.
For that plugin, the server does not send the public key unless
requested. This option is ignored for accounts that do not
authenticate with that plugin. It is also ignored if RSA-based
password exchange is not used, as is the case when the client
connects to the server using a secure connection.

If --server-public-key-path=file_name is given and specifies a
valid public key file, it takes precedence over
--get-server-public-key.

For information about the caching_sha2_password plugin, see
Section 8.4.1.2, "Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication".

• --host=host_name, -h host_name
+---------------------+--------+
| Command-Line Format | --host |
+---------------------+--------+

Dump data from the MySQL server on the given host. The default host
is localhost.

Read options from the named login path in the .mylogin.cnf login
path file. A "login path" is an option group containing options
that specify which MySQL server to connect to and which account to
authenticate as. To create or modify a login path file, use the
mysql_config_editor utility. See mysql_config_editor(1).

For additional information about this and other option-file
options, see Section 6.2.2.3, "Command-Line Options that Affect
Option-File Handling".

The password of the MySQL account used for connecting to the
server. The password value is optional. If not given, mysqldump
prompts for one. If given, there must be no space between
--password= or -p and the password following it. If no password
option is specified, the default is to send no password.

Specifying a password on the command line should be considered
insecure. To avoid giving the password on the command line, use an
option file. See Section 8.1.2.1, "End-User Guidelines for Password
Security".

To explicitly specify that there is no password and that mysqldump
should not prompt for one, use the --skip-password option.

• --password1[=pass_val] The password for multifactor authentication
factor 1 of the MySQL account used for connecting to the server.
The password value is optional. If not given, mysqldump prompts for
one. If given, there must be no space between --password1= and the
password following it. If no password option is specified, the
default is to send no password.

To explicitly specify that there is no password and that mysqldump
should not prompt for one, use the --skip-password1 option.

--password1 and --password are synonymous, as are --skip-password1
and --skip-password.

• --password2[=pass_val] The password for multifactor authentication
factor 2 of the MySQL account used for connecting to the server.
The semantics of this option are similar to the semantics for
--password1; see the description of that option for details.

• --password3[=pass_val] The password for multifactor authentication
factor 3 of the MySQL account used for connecting to the server.
The semantics of this option are similar to the semantics for
--password1; see the description of that option for details.

On Windows, connect to the server using a named pipe. This option
applies only if the server was started with the named_pipe system
variable enabled to support named-pipe connections. In addition,
the user making the connection must be a member of the Windows
group specified by the named_pipe_full_access_group system
variable.

On Windows, the authentication_kerberos_client authentication
plugin supports this plugin option. It provides two possible values
that the client user can set at runtime: SSPI and GSSAPI.

The default value for the client-side plugin option uses Security
Support Provider Interface (SSPI), which is capable of acquiring
credentials from the Windows in-memory cache. Alternatively, the
client user can select a mode that supports Generic Security
Service Application Program Interface (GSSAPI) through the MIT
Kerberos library on Windows. GSSAPI is capable of acquiring cached
credentials previously generated by using the kinit command.

For more information, see Commands for Windows Clients in GSSAPI
Mode.

The directory in which to look for plugins. Specify this option if
the --default-auth option is used to specify an authentication
plugin but mysqldump does not find it. See Section 8.2.17,
"Pluggable Authentication".

For TCP/IP connections, the port number to use.

• --protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY}
+---------------------+-------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --protocol=type |
+---------------------+-------------------+
| Type | String |
+---------------------+-------------------+
| Default Value | [see text] |
+---------------------+-------------------+
| Valid Values | |
| | TCP |
| | |
| | SOCKET |
| | |
| | PIPE |
| | |
| | MEMORY |
+---------------------+-------------------+

The transport protocol to use for connecting to the server. It is
useful when the other connection parameters normally result in use
of a protocol other than the one you want. For details on the
permissible values, see Section 6.2.7, "Connection Transport
Protocols".

The path name to a file in PEM format containing a client-side copy
of the public key required by the server for RSA key pair-based
password exchange. This option applies to clients that authenticate
with the sha256_password or caching_sha2_password authentication
plugin. This option is ignored for accounts that do not
authenticate with one of those plugins. It is also ignored if
RSA-based password exchange is not used, as is the case when the
client connects to the server using a secure connection.

If --server-public-key-path=file_name is given and specifies a
valid public key file, it takes precedence over
--get-server-public-key.

For sha256_password, this option applies only if MySQL was built
using OpenSSL.

For information about the sha256_password and caching_sha2_password
plugins, see Section 8.4.1.3, "SHA-256 Pluggable Authentication",
and Section 8.4.1.2, "Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication".

• --socket=path, -S path
+---------------------+--------------------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --socket={file_name|pipe_name} |
+---------------------+--------------------------------+
| Type | String |
+---------------------+--------------------------------+

For connections to localhost, the Unix socket file to use, or, on
Windows, the name of the named pipe to use.

On Windows, this option applies only if the server was started with
the named_pipe system variable enabled to support named-pipe
connections. In addition, the user making the connection must be a
member of the Windows group specified by the
named_pipe_full_access_group system variable.

• --ssl* Options that begin with --ssl specify whether to connect to
the server using encryption and indicate where to find SSL keys and
certificates. See the section called "Command Options for Encrypted
Connections".

• --ssl-fips-mode={OFF|ON|STRICT}
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --ssl-fips- |
| | mode={OFF|ON|STRICT} |
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Deprecated | 8.0.34 |
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Type | Enumeration |
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Default Value | OFF |
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Valid Values | |
| | OFF |
| | |
| | ON |
| | |
| | STRICT |
+---------------------+----------------------+

Controls whether to enable FIPS mode on the client side. The
--ssl-fips-mode option differs from other --ssl-xxx options in that
it is not used to establish encrypted connections, but rather to
affect which cryptographic operations to permit. See Section 8.8,
"FIPS Support".

These --ssl-fips-mode values are permitted:

• OFF: Disable FIPS mode.

• ON: Enable FIPS mode.

• STRICT: Enable "strict" FIPS mode.

Note
If the OpenSSL FIPS Object Module is not available, the only
permitted value for --ssl-fips-mode is OFF. In this case,
setting --ssl-fips-mode to ON or STRICT causes the client to
produce a warning at startup and to operate in non-FIPS mode.
As of MySQL 8.0.34, this option is deprecated. Expect it to be
removed in a future version of MySQL.

• --tls-ciphersuites=ciphersuite_list
+---------------------+-------------------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --tls- |
| | ciphersuites=ciphersuite_list |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+
| Introduced | 8.0.16 |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+
| Type | String |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+

The permissible ciphersuites for encrypted connections that use
TLSv1.3. The value is a list of one or more colon-separated
ciphersuite names. The ciphersuites that can be named for this
option depend on the SSL library used to compile MySQL. For
details, see Section 8.3.2, "Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and
Ciphers".

This option was added in MySQL 8.0.16.

The permissible TLS protocols for encrypted connections. The value
is a list of one or more comma-separated protocol names. The
protocols that can be named for this option depend on the SSL
library used to compile MySQL. For details, see Section 8.3.2,
"Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers".

The user name of the MySQL account to use for connecting to the
server.

If you are using the Rewriter plugin with MySQL 8.0.31 or later,
you should grant this user the SKIP_QUERY_REWRITE privilege.

The compression level to use for connections to the server that use
the zstd compression algorithm. The permitted levels are from 1 to
22, with larger values indicating increasing levels of compression.
The default zstd compression level is 3. The compression level
setting has no effect on connections that do not use zstd
compression.

For more information, see Section 6.2.8, "Connection Compression
Control".

This option was added in MySQL 8.0.18.
Option-File Options

These options are used to control which option files to read.

Read this option file after the global option file but (on Unix)
before the user option file. If the file does not exist or is
otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. If file_name is not an
absolute path name, it is interpreted relative to the current
directory.

For additional information about this and other option-file
options, see Section 6.2.2.3, "Command-Line Options that Affect
Option-File Handling".

Use only the given option file. If the file does not exist or is
otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. If file_name is not an
absolute path name, it is interpreted relative to the current
directory.

Exception: Even with --defaults-file, client programs read
.mylogin.cnf.

For additional information about this and other option-file
options, see Section 6.2.2.3, "Command-Line Options that Affect
Option-File Handling".

Read not only the usual option groups, but also groups with the
usual names and a suffix of str. For example, mysqldump normally
reads the [client] and [mysqldump] groups. If this option is given
as --defaults-group-suffix=_other, mysqldump also reads the
[client_other] and [mysqldump_other] groups.

For additional information about this and other option-file
options, see Section 6.2.2.3, "Command-Line Options that Affect
Option-File Handling".

• --no-defaults
+---------------------+---------------+
| Command-Line Format | --no-defaults |
+---------------------+---------------+

Do not read any option files. If program startup fails due to
reading unknown options from an option file, --no-defaults can be
used to prevent them from being read.

The exception is that the .mylogin.cnf file is read in all cases,
if it exists. This permits passwords to be specified in a safer way
than on the command line even when --no-defaults is used. To create
.mylogin.cnf, use the mysql_config_editor utility. See
mysql_config_editor(1).

For additional information about this and other option-file
options, see Section 6.2.2.3, "Command-Line Options that Affect
Option-File Handling".

• --print-defaults
+---------------------+------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --print-defaults |
+---------------------+------------------+

Print the program name and all options that it gets from option
files.

For additional information about this and other option-file
options, see Section 6.2.2.3, "Command-Line Options that Affect
Option-File Handling".
DDL Options

Usage scenarios for mysqldump include setting up an entire new MySQL
instance (including database tables), and replacing data inside an
existing instance with existing databases and tables. The following
options let you specify which things to tear down and set up when
restoring a dump, by encoding various DDL statements within the dump
file.

• --add-drop-database
+---------------------+---------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --add-drop-database |
+---------------------+---------------------+

Write a DROP DATABASE statement before each CREATE DATABASE
statement. This option is typically used in conjunction with the
--all-databases or --databases option because no CREATE DATABASE
statements are written unless one of those options is specified.

Note
In MySQL 8.0, the mysql schema is considered a system schema
that cannot be dropped by end users. If --add-drop-database is
used with --all-databases or with --databases where the list of
schemas to be dumped includes mysql, the dump file contains a
DROP DATABASE `mysql` statement that causes an error when the
dump file is reloaded.

Instead, to use --add-drop-database, use --databases with a
list of schemas to be dumped, where the list does not include
mysql.

• --add-drop-table
+---------------------+------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --add-drop-table |
+---------------------+------------------+

Write a DROP TABLE statement before each CREATE TABLE statement.

• --add-drop-trigger
+---------------------+--------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --add-drop-trigger |
+---------------------+--------------------+

Write a DROP TRIGGER statement before each CREATE TRIGGER
statement.

• --all-tablespaces, -Y
+---------------------+-------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --all-tablespaces |
+---------------------+-------------------+

Adds to a table dump all SQL statements needed to create any
tablespaces used by an NDB table. This information is not otherwise
included in the output from mysqldump. This option is currently
relevant only to NDB Cluster tables.

• --no-create-db, -n
+---------------------+----------------+
| Command-Line Format | --no-create-db |
+---------------------+----------------+

Suppress the CREATE DATABASE statements that are otherwise included
in the output if the --databases or --all-databases option is
given.

• --no-create-info, -t
+---------------------+------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --no-create-info |
+---------------------+------------------+

Do not write CREATE TABLE statements that create each dumped table.

Note
This option does not exclude statements creating log file
groups or tablespaces from mysqldump output; however, you can
use the --no-tablespaces option for this purpose.

• --no-tablespaces, -y
+---------------------+------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --no-tablespaces |
+---------------------+------------------+

This option suppresses all CREATE LOGFILE GROUP and CREATE
TABLESPACE statements in the output of mysqldump.

• --replace
+---------------------+-----------+
| Command-Line Format | --replace |
+---------------------+-----------+

Write REPLACE statements rather than INSERT statements.
Debug Options

The following options print debugging information, encode debugging
information in the dump file, or let the dump operation proceed
regardless of potential problems.

• --allow-keywords
+---------------------+------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --allow-keywords |
+---------------------+------------------+

Permit creation of column names that are keywords. This works by
prefixing each column name with the table name.

• --comments, -i
+---------------------+------------+
| Command-Line Format | --comments |
+---------------------+------------+

Write additional information in the dump file such as program
version, server version, and host. This option is enabled by
default. To suppress this additional information, use
--skip-comments.

Write a debugging log. A typical debug_options string is
d:t:o,file_name. The default value is d:t:o,/tmp/mysqldump.trace.

This option is available only if MySQL was built using WITH_DEBUG.
MySQL release binaries provided by Oracle are not built using this
option.

Print some debugging information when the program exits.

This option is available only if MySQL was built using WITH_DEBUG.
MySQL release binaries provided by Oracle are not built using this
option.

Print debugging information and memory and CPU usage statistics
when the program exits.

This option is available only if MySQL was built using WITH_DEBUG.
MySQL release binaries provided by Oracle are not built using this
option.

If the --comments option is given, mysqldump produces a comment at
the end of the dump of the following form:

-- Dump completed on DATE

However, the date causes dump files taken at different times to
appear to be different, even if the data are otherwise identical.
--dump-date and --skip-dump-date control whether the date is added
to the comment. The default is --dump-date (include the date in the
comment). --skip-dump-date suppresses date printing.

• --force, -f
+---------------------+---------+
| Command-Line Format | --force |
+---------------------+---------+

Ignore all errors; continue even if an SQL error occurs during a
table dump.

One use for this option is to cause mysqldump to continue executing
even when it encounters a view that has become invalid because the
definition refers to a table that has been dropped. Without
--force, mysqldump exits with an error message. With --force,
mysqldump prints the error message, but it also writes an SQL
comment containing the view definition to the dump output and
continues executing.

If the --ignore-error option is also given to ignore specific
errors, --force takes precedence.

Log warnings and errors by appending them to the named file. The
default is to do no logging.

• --skip-comments
+---------------------+-----------------+
| Command-Line Format | --skip-comments |
+---------------------+-----------------+

See the description for the --comments option.

• --verbose, -v
+---------------------+-----------+
| Command-Line Format | --verbose |
+---------------------+-----------+

Verbose mode. Print more information about what the program does.
Help Options

The following options display information about the mysqldump command
itself.

• --help, -?
+---------------------+--------+
| Command-Line Format | --help |
+---------------------+--------+

Display a help message and exit.

• --version, -V
+---------------------+-----------+
| Command-Line Format | --version |
+---------------------+-----------+

Display version information and exit.
Internationalization Options

The following options change how the mysqldump command represents
character data with national language settings.

The directory where character sets are installed. See
Section 12.15, "Character Set Configuration".

Use charset_name as the default character set. See Section 12.15,
"Character Set Configuration". If no character set is specified,
mysqldump uses utf8mb4.

• --no-set-names, -N
+---------------------+----------------+
| Command-Line Format | --no-set-names |
+---------------------+----------------+
| Deprecated | Yes |
+---------------------+----------------+

Turns off the --set-charset setting, the same as specifying
--skip-set-charset.

Write SET NAMES default_character_set to the output. This option is
enabled by default. To suppress the SET NAMES statement, use
--skip-set-charset.
Replication Options

The mysqldump command is frequently used to create an empty instance,
or an instance including data, on a replica server in a replication
configuration. The following options apply to dumping and restoring
data on replication source servers and replicas.

From MySQL 8.0.26, use --apply-replica-statements, and before MySQL
8.0.26, use --apply-slave-statements. Both options have the same
effect. For a replica dump produced with the --dump-replica or
--dump-slave option, the options add a STOP REPLICA (or before
MySQL 8.0.22, STOP SLAVE) statement before the statement with the
binary log coordinates, and a START REPLICA statement at the end of
the output.

Use this option before MySQL 8.0.26 rather than
--apply-replica-statements. Both options have the same effect.

• --delete-source-logs
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --delete-source-logs |
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Introduced | 8.0.26 |
+---------------------+----------------------+

From MySQL 8.0.26, use --delete-source-logs, and before MySQL
8.0.26, use --delete-master-logs. Both options have the same
effect. On a replication source server, the options delete the
binary logs by sending a PURGE BINARY LOGS statement to the server
after performing the dump operation. The options require the RELOAD
privilege as well as privileges sufficient to execute that
statement. The options automatically enable --source-data or
--master-data.

• --delete-master-logs
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --delete-master-logs |
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Deprecated | 8.0.26 |
+---------------------+----------------------+

Use this option before MySQL 8.0.26 rather than
--delete-source-logs. Both options have the same effect.

• --dump-replica[=value]
+---------------------+------------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --dump-replica[=value] |
+---------------------+------------------------+
| Introduced | 8.0.26 |
+---------------------+------------------------+
| Type | Numeric |
+---------------------+------------------------+
| Default Value | 1 |
+---------------------+------------------------+
| Valid Values | |
| | 1 |
| | |
| | 2 |
+---------------------+------------------------+

From MySQL 8.0.26, use --dump-replica, and before MySQL 8.0.26, use
--dump-slave. Both options have the same effect. The options are
similar to --source-data, except that they are used to dump a
replica server to produce a dump file that can be used to set up
another server as a replica that has the same source as the dumped
server. The options cause the dump output to include a CHANGE
REPLICATION SOURCE TO statement (from MySQL 8.0.23) or CHANGE
MASTER TO statement (before MySQL 8.0.23) that indicates the binary
log coordinates (file name and position) of the dumped replica's
source. The CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO statement reads the values
of Relay_Master_Log_File and Exec_Master_Log_Pos from the SHOW
REPLICA STATUS output and uses them for SOURCE_LOG_FILE and
SOURCE_LOG_POS respectively. These are the replication source
server coordinates from which the replica starts replicating.

Note
Inconsistencies in the sequence of transactions from the relay
log which have been executed can cause the wrong position to be
used. See Section 19.5.1.34, "Replication and Transaction
Inconsistencies" for more information.
--dump-replica or --dump-slave causes the coordinates from the
source to be used rather than those of the dumped server, as is
done by the --source-data or --master-data option. In addition,
specifying this option causes the --source-data or --master-data
option to be overridden, if used, and effectively ignored.

Warning
--dump-replica or --dump-slave should not be used if the server
where the dump is going to be applied uses gtid_mode=ON and
SOURCE_AUTO_POSITION=1 or MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1.
The option value is handled the same way as for --source-data.
Setting no value or 1 causes a CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO
statement (from MySQL 8.0.23) or CHANGE MASTER TO statement (before
MySQL 8.0.23) to be written to the dump. Setting 2 causes the
statement to be written but encased in SQL comments. It has the
same effect as --source-data in terms of enabling or disabling
other options and in how locking is handled.

--dump-replica or --dump-slave causes mysqldump to stop the
replication SQL thread before the dump and restart it again after.

--dump-replica or --dump-slave sends a SHOW REPLICA STATUS
statement to the server to obtain information, so they require
privileges sufficient to execute that statement.

--apply-replica-statements and --include-source-host-port options
can be used in conjunction with --dump-replica or --dump-slave.

• --dump-slave[=value]
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --dump-slave[=value] |
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Deprecated | 8.0.26 |
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Type | Numeric |
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Default Value | 1 |
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Valid Values | |
| | 1 |
| | |
| | 2 |
+---------------------+----------------------+

Use this option before MySQL 8.0.26 rather than --dump-replica.
Both options have the same effect.

From MySQL 8.0.26, use --include-source-host-port, and before MySQL
8.0.26, use --include-master-host-port. Both options have the same
effect. The options add the SOURCE_HOST | MASTER_HOST and
SOURCE_PORT | MASTER_PORT options for the host name and TCP/IP port
number of the replica's source, to the CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO
statement (from MySQL 8.0.23) or CHANGE MASTER TO statement (before
MySQL 8.0.23) in a replica dump produced with the --dump-replica or
--dump-slave option.

Use this option before MySQL 8.0.26 rather than
--include-source-host-port. Both options have the same effect.

• --source-data[=value]
+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --source-data[=value] |
+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Introduced | 8.0.26 |
+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Type | Numeric |
+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Default Value | 1 |
+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Valid Values | |
| | 1 |
| | |
| | 2 |
+---------------------+-----------------------+

From MySQL 8.0.26, use --source-data, and before MySQL 8.0.26, use
--master-data. Both options have the same effect. The options are
used to dump a replication source server to produce a dump file
that can be used to set up another server as a replica of the
source. The options cause the dump output to include a CHANGE
REPLICATION SOURCE TO statement (from MySQL 8.0.23) or CHANGE
MASTER TO statement (before MySQL 8.0.23) that indicates the binary
log coordinates (file name and position) of the dumped server.
These are the replication source server coordinates from which the
replica should start replicating after you load the dump file into
the replica.

If the option value is 2, the CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO | CHANGE
MASTER TO statement is written as an SQL comment, and thus is
informative only; it has no effect when the dump file is reloaded.
If the option value is 1, the statement is not written as a comment
and takes effect when the dump file is reloaded. If no option value
is specified, the default value is 1.

--source-data and --master-data send a SHOW MASTER STATUS statement
to the server to obtain information, so they require privileges
sufficient to execute that statement. This option also requires the
RELOAD privilege and the binary log must be enabled.

--source-data and --master-data automatically turn off
--lock-tables. They also turn on --lock-all-tables, unless
--single-transaction also is specified, in which case, a global
read lock is acquired only for a short time at the beginning of the
dump (see the description for --single-transaction). In all cases,
any action on logs happens at the exact moment of the dump.

It is also possible to set up a replica by dumping an existing
replica of the source, using the --dump-replica or --dump-slave
option, which overrides --source-data and --master-data and causes
them to be ignored.

• --master-data[=value]
+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --master-data[=value] |
+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Deprecated | 8.0.26 |
+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Type | Numeric |
+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Default Value | 1 |
+---------------------+-----------------------+
| Valid Values | |
| | 1 |
| | |
| | 2 |
+---------------------+-----------------------+

Use this option before MySQL 8.0.26 rather than --source-data. Both
options have the same effect.

This option is for servers that use GTID-based replication
(gtid_mode=ON). It controls the inclusion of a SET
@@GLOBAL.gtid_purged statement in the dump output, which updates
the value of gtid_purged on a server where the dump file is
reloaded, to add the GTID set from the source server's
gtid_executed system variable. gtid_purged holds the GTIDs of all
transactions that have been applied on the server, but do not exist
on any binary log file on the server. mysqldump therefore adds the
GTIDs for the transactions that were executed on the source server,
so that the target server records these transactions as applied,
although it does not have them in its binary logs.
--set-gtid-purged also controls the inclusion of a SET
@@SESSION.sql_log_bin=0 statement, which disables binary logging
while the dump file is being reloaded. This statement prevents new
GTIDs from being generated and assigned to the transactions in the
dump file as they are executed, so that the original GTIDs for the
transactions are used.

If you do not set the --set-gtid-purged option, the default is that
a SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged statement is included in the dump output
if GTIDs are enabled on the server you are backing up, and the set
of GTIDs in the global value of the gtid_executed system variable
is not empty. A SET @@SESSION.sql_log_bin=0 statement is also
included if GTIDs are enabled on the server.

You can either replace the value of gtid_purged with a specified
GTID set, or add a plus sign (+) to the statement to append a
specified GTID set to the GTID set that is already held by
gtid_purged. The SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged statement recorded by
mysqldump includes a plus sign (+) in a version-specific comment,
such that MySQL adds the GTID set from the dump file to the
existing gtid_purged value.

It is important to note that the value that is included by
mysqldump for the SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged statement includes the
GTIDs of all transactions in the gtid_executed set on the server,
even those that changed suppressed parts of the database, or other
databases on the server that were not included in a partial dump.
This can mean that after the gtid_purged value has been updated on
the server where the dump file is replayed, GTIDs are present that
do not relate to any data on the target server. If you do not
replay any further dump files on the target server, the extraneous
GTIDs do not cause any problems with the future operation of the
server, but they make it harder to compare or reconcile GTID sets
on different servers in the replication topology. If you do replay
a further dump file on the target server that contains the same
GTIDs (for example, another partial dump from the same origin
server), any SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged statement in the second dump
file fails. In this case, either remove the statement manually
before replaying the dump file, or output the dump file without the
statement.

Before MySQL 8.0.32: Using this option with the
--single-transaction option could lead to inconsistencies in the
output. If --set-gtid-purged=ON is required, it can be used with
--lock-all-tables, but this can prevent parallel queries while
mysqldump is being run.

If the SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged statement would not have the
desired result on your target server, you can exclude the statement
from the output, or (from MySQL 8.0.17) include it but comment it
out so that it is not actioned automatically. You can also include
the statement but manually edit it in the dump file to achieve the
desired result.

The possible values for the --set-gtid-purged option are as
follows:

AUTO
The default value. If GTIDs are enabled on the server you are
backing up and gtid_executed is not empty, SET
@@GLOBAL.gtid_purged is added to the output, containing the
GTID set from gtid_executed. If GTIDs are enabled, SET
@@SESSION.sql_log_bin=0 is added to the output. If GTIDs are
not enabled on the server, the statements are not added to the
output.

OFF
SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged is not added to the output, and SET
@@SESSION.sql_log_bin=0 is not added to the output. For a
server where GTIDs are not in use, use this option or AUTO.
Only use this option for a server where GTIDs are in use if you
are sure that the required GTID set is already present in
gtid_purged on the target server and should not be changed, or
if you plan to identify and add any missing GTIDs manually.

ON
If GTIDs are enabled on the server you are backing up, SET
@@GLOBAL.gtid_purged is added to the output (unless
gtid_executed is empty), and SET @@SESSION.sql_log_bin=0 is
added to the output. An error occurs if you set this option but
GTIDs are not enabled on the server. For a server where GTIDs
are in use, use this option or AUTO, unless you are sure that
the GTIDs in gtid_executed are not needed on the target server.

COMMENTED
Available from MySQL 8.0.17. If GTIDs are enabled on the server
you are backing up, SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged is added to the
output (unless gtid_executed is empty), but it is commented
out. This means that the value of gtid_executed is available in
the output, but no action is taken automatically when the dump
file is reloaded. SET @@SESSION.sql_log_bin=0 is added to the
output, and it is not commented out. With COMMENTED, you can
control the use of the gtid_executed set manually or through
automation. For example, you might prefer to do this if you are
migrating data to another server that already has different
active databases.
Format Options

The following options specify how to represent the entire dump file or
certain kinds of data in the dump file. They also control whether
certain optional information is written to the dump file.

• --compact
+---------------------+-----------+
| Command-Line Format | --compact |
+---------------------+-----------+

Produce more compact output. This option enables the
--skip-add-drop-table, --skip-add-locks, --skip-comments,
--skip-disable-keys, and --skip-set-charset options.

Produce output that is more compatible with other database systems
or with older MySQL servers. The only permitted value for this
option is ansi, which has the same meaning as the corresponding
option for setting the server SQL mode. See Section 7.1.11, "Server
SQL Modes".

• --complete-insert, -c
+---------------------+-------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --complete-insert |
+---------------------+-------------------+

Use complete INSERT statements that include column names.

• --create-options
+---------------------+------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --create-options |
+---------------------+------------------+

Include all MySQL-specific table options in the CREATE TABLE
statements.

+---------------------+---------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --fields-escaped-by |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| Type | String |
+---------------------+---------------------+

These options are used with the --tab option and have the same
meaning as the corresponding FIELDS clauses for LOAD DATA. See
Section 15.2.9, "LOAD DATA Statement".

• --hex-blob
+---------------------+------------+
| Command-Line Format | --hex-blob |
+---------------------+------------+

Dump binary columns using hexadecimal notation (for example, 'abc'
becomes 0x616263). The affected data types are BINARY, VARBINARY,
BLOB types, BIT, all spatial data types, and other non-binary data
types when used with the binary character set.

The --hex-blob option is ignored when the --tab is used.

This option is used with the --tab option and has the same meaning
as the corresponding LINES clause for LOAD DATA. See
Section 15.2.9, "LOAD DATA Statement".

Quote identifiers (such as database, table, and column names)
within ` characters. If the ANSI_QUOTES SQL mode is enabled,
identifiers are quoted within " characters. This option is enabled
by default. It can be disabled with --skip-quote-names, but this
option should be given after any option such as --compatible that
may enable --quote-names.

Direct output to the named file. The result file is created and its
previous contents overwritten, even if an error occurs while
generating the dump.

This option should be used on Windows to prevent newline \n
characters from being converted to \r\n carriage return/newline
sequences.

Excludes the SECONDARY ENGINE clause from CREATE TABLE statements.
It does so by enabling the show_create_table_skip_secondary_engine
system variable for the duration of the dump operation.
Alternatively, you can enable the
show_create_table_skip_secondary_engine system variable prior to
using mysqldump.

This option was added in MySQL 8.0.18. Attempting a mysqldump
operation with the --show-create-skip-secondary-engine option on a
release prior to MySQL 8.0.18 that does not support the
show_create_table_skip_secondary_engine variable causes an error.

Produce tab-separated text-format data files. For each dumped
table, mysqldump creates a tbl_name.sql file that contains the
CREATE TABLE statement that creates the table, and the server
writes a tbl_name.txt file that contains its data. The option value
is the directory in which to write the files.

Note
This option should be used only when mysqldump is run on the
same machine as the mysqld server. Because the server creates
*.txt files in the directory that you specify, the directory
must be writable by the server and the MySQL account that you
use must have the FILE privilege. Because mysqldump creates
*.sql in the same directory, it must be writable by your system
login account.
By default, the .txt data files are formatted using tab characters
between column values and a newline at the end of each line. The
format can be specified explicitly using the --fields-xxx and
--lines-terminated-by options.

Column values are converted to the character set specified by the
--default-character-set option.

This option enables TIMESTAMP columns to be dumped and reloaded
between servers in different time zones. mysqldump sets its
connection time zone to UTC and adds SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' to the
dump file. Without this option, TIMESTAMP columns are dumped and
reloaded in the time zones local to the source and destination
servers, which can cause the values to change if the servers are in
different time zones. --tz-utc also protects against changes due
to daylight saving time. --tz-utc is enabled by default. To
disable it, use --skip-tz-utc.

• --xml, -X
+---------------------+-------+
| Command-Line Format | --xml |
+---------------------+-------+

Write dump output as well-formed XML.

NULL, 'NULL', and Empty Values: For a column named column_name, the
NULL value, an empty string, and the string value 'NULL' are
distinguished from one another in the output generated by this
option as follows.
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Value: | XML Representation: |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| NULL (unknown value) | |
| | <field |
| | name="column_name" |
| | xsi:nil="true" |
| | /> |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| | |
| | <field |
| | name="column_name"></field> |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| | |
| | <field |
| | name="column_name">NULL</field> |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+

The output from the mysql client when run using the --xml option
also follows the preceding rules. (See the section called "MYSQL
CLIENT OPTIONS".)

XML output from mysqldump includes the XML namespace, as shown
here:

$> mysqldump --xml -u root world City
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<mysqldump xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<database name="world">
<table_structure name="City">
<field Field="ID" Type="int(11)" Null="NO" Key="PRI" Extra="auto_increment" />
<field Field="Name" Type="char(35)" Null="NO" Key="" Default="" Extra="" />
<field Field="CountryCode" Type="char(3)" Null="NO" Key="" Default="" Extra="" />
<field Field="District" Type="char(20)" Null="NO" Key="" Default="" Extra="" />
<field Field="Population" Type="int(11)" Null="NO" Key="" Default="0" Extra="" />
<key Table="City" Non_unique="0" Key_name="PRIMARY" Seq_in_index="1" Column_name="ID"
Collation="A" Cardinality="4079" Null="" Index_type="BTREE" Comment="" />
<options Name="City" Engine="MyISAM" Version="10" Row_format="Fixed" Rows="4079"
Avg_row_length="67" Data_length="273293" Max_data_length="18858823439613951"
Index_length="43008" Data_free="0" Auto_increment="4080"
Create_time="2007-03-31 01:47:01" Update_time="2007-03-31 01:47:02"
Collation="latin1_swedish_ci" Create_options="" Comment="" />
</table_structure>
<table_data name="City">
<row>
<field name="ID">1</field>
<field name="Name">Kabul</field>
<field name="CountryCode">AFG</field>
<field name="District">Kabol</field>
<field name="Population">1780000</field>
</row>
...
<row>
<field name="ID">4079</field>
<field name="Name">Rafah</field>
<field name="CountryCode">PSE</field>
<field name="District">Rafah</field>
<field name="Population">92020</field>
</row>
</table_data>
</database>
</mysqldump>
Filtering Options

The following options control which kinds of schema objects are written
to the dump file: by category, such as triggers or events; by name, for
example, choosing which databases and tables to dump; or even filtering
rows from the table data using a WHERE clause.

• --all-databases, -A
+---------------------+-----------------+
| Command-Line Format | --all-databases |
+---------------------+-----------------+

Dump all tables in all databases. This is the same as using the
--databases option and naming all the databases on the command
line.

Note
See the --add-drop-database description for information about
an incompatibility of that option with --all-databases.
Prior to MySQL 8.0, the --routines and --events options for
mysqldump and mysqlpump were not required to include stored
routines and events when using the --all-databases option: The dump
included the mysql system database, and therefore also the
mysql.proc and mysql.event tables containing stored routine and
event definitions. As of MySQL 8.0, the mysql.event and mysql.proc
tables are not used. Definitions for the corresponding objects are
stored in data dictionary tables, but those tables are not dumped.
To include stored routines and events in a dump made using
--all-databases, use the --routines and --events options
explicitly.

• --databases, -B
+---------------------+-------------+
| Command-Line Format | --databases |
+---------------------+-------------+

Dump several databases. Normally, mysqldump treats the first name
argument on the command line as a database name and following names
as table names. With this option, it treats all name arguments as
database names. CREATE DATABASE and USE statements are included in
the output before each new database.

This option may be used to dump the performance_schema database,
which normally is not dumped even with the --all-databases option.
(Also use the --skip-lock-tables option.)

Note
See the --add-drop-database description for information about
an incompatibility of that option with --databases.

• --events, -E
+---------------------+----------+
| Command-Line Format | --events |
+---------------------+----------+

Include Event Scheduler events for the dumped databases in the
output. This option requires the EVENT privileges for those
databases.

The output generated by using --events contains CREATE EVENT
statements to create the events.

Ignore the specified errors. The option value is a list of
comma-separated error numbers specifying the errors to ignore
during mysqldump execution. If the --force option is also given to
ignore all errors, --force takes precedence.

Do not dump the given table, which must be specified using both the
database and table names. To ignore multiple tables, use this
option multiple times. This option also can be used to ignore
views.

• --no-data, -d
+---------------------+-----------+
| Command-Line Format | --no-data |
+---------------------+-----------+

Do not write any table row information (that is, do not dump table
contents). This is useful if you want to dump only the CREATE TABLE
statement for the table (for example, to create an empty copy of
the table by loading the dump file).

• --routines, -R
+---------------------+------------+
| Command-Line Format | --routines |
+---------------------+------------+

Include stored routines (procedures and functions) for the dumped
databases in the output. This option requires the global SELECT
privilege.

The output generated by using --routines contains CREATE PROCEDURE
and CREATE FUNCTION statements to create the routines.

This option is available beginning with MySQL 8.0.30, and causes
generated invisible primary keys to be excluded from the output.
For more information, see Section 15.1.20.11, "Generated Invisible
Primary Keys".

• --tables
+---------------------+----------+
| Command-Line Format | --tables |
+---------------------+----------+

Override the --databases or -B option. mysqldump regards all name
arguments following the option as table names.

Include triggers for each dumped table in the output. This option
is enabled by default; disable it with --skip-triggers.

To be able to dump a table's triggers, you must have the TRIGGER
privilege for the table.

Multiple triggers are permitted. mysqldump dumps triggers in
activation order so that when the dump file is reloaded, triggers
are created in the same activation order. However, if a mysqldump
dump file contains multiple triggers for a table that have the same
trigger event and action time, an error occurs for attempts to load
the dump file into an older server that does not support multiple
triggers. (For a workaround, see Downgrade Notes[4]; you can
convert triggers to be compatible with older servers.)

• --where='where_condition', -w 'where_condition'
+---------------------+---------------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --where='where_condition' |
+---------------------+---------------------------+

Dump only rows selected by the given WHERE condition. Quotes around
the condition are mandatory if it contains spaces or other
characters that are special to your command interpreter.

Examples:

--where="user='jimf'"
-w"userid>1"
-w"userid<1"
Performance Options

The following options are the most relevant for the performance
particularly of the restore operations. For large data sets, restore
operation (processing the INSERT statements in the dump file) is the
most time-consuming part. When it is urgent to restore data quickly,
plan and test the performance of this stage in advance. For restore
times measured in hours, you might prefer an alternative backup and
restore solution, such as MySQL Enterprise Backup for InnoDB-only and
mixed-use databases.

Performance is also affected by the transactional options, primarily
for the dump operation.

Add ANALYZE TABLE statements to the output to generate histogram
statistics for dumped tables when the dump file is reloaded. This
option is disabled by default because histogram generation for
large tables can take a long time.

• --disable-keys, -K
+---------------------+----------------+
| Command-Line Format | --disable-keys |
+---------------------+----------------+

For each table, surround the INSERT statements with /*!40000 ALTER
TABLE tbl_name DISABLE KEYS */; and /*!40000 ALTER TABLE tbl_name
ENABLE KEYS */; statements. This makes loading the dump file faster
because the indexes are created after all rows are inserted. This
option is effective only for nonunique indexes of MyISAM tables.

Write INSERT statements using multiple-row syntax that includes
several VALUES lists. This results in a smaller dump file and
speeds up inserts when the file is reloaded.

• --insert-ignore
+---------------------+-----------------+
| Command-Line Format | --insert-ignore |
+---------------------+-----------------+

Write INSERT IGNORE statements rather than INSERT statements.

The maximum size of the buffer for client/server communication. The
default is 24MB, the maximum is 1GB.

Note
The value of this option is specific to mysqldump and should
not be confused with the MySQL server's max_allowed_packet
system variable; the server value cannot be exceeded by a
single packet from mysqldump, regardless of any setting for the
mysqldump option, even if the latter is larger.

Set the session value of the long_query_time system variable. Use
this option, which is available from MySQL 8.0.30, if you want to
increase the time allowed for queries from mysqldump before they
are logged to the slow query log file. mysqldump performs a full
table scan, which means its queries can often exceed a global
long_query_time setting that is useful for regular queries. The
default global setting is 10 seconds.

You can use --mysqld-long-query-time to specify a session value
from 0 (meaning that every query from mysqldump is logged to the
slow query log) to 31536000, which is 365 days in seconds. For
mysqldump's option, you can only specify whole seconds. When you do
not specify this option, the server's global setting applies to
mysqldump's queries.

The initial size of the buffer for client/server communication.
When creating multiple-row INSERT statements (as with the
--extended-insert or --opt option), mysqldump creates rows up to
--net-buffer-length bytes long. If you increase this variable,
ensure that the MySQL server net_buffer_length system variable has
a value at least this large.

• --network-timeout, -M
+---------------------+---------------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --network-timeout[={0|1}] |
+---------------------+---------------------------+
| Type | Boolean |
+---------------------+---------------------------+
| Default Value | TRUE |
+---------------------+---------------------------+

Enable large tables to be dumped by setting --max-allowed-packet to
its maximum value and network read and write timeouts to a large
value. This option is enabled by default. To disable it, use
--skip-network-timeout.

• --opt
+---------------------+----------+
| Command-Line Format | --opt |
+---------------------+----------+
| Disabled by | skip-opt |
+---------------------+----------+

This option, enabled by default, is shorthand for the combination
of --add-drop-table --add-locks --create-options --disable-keys
--extended-insert --lock-tables --quick --set-charset. It gives a
fast dump operation and produces a dump file that can be reloaded
into a MySQL server quickly.

Because the --opt option is enabled by default, you only specify
its converse, the --skip-opt to turn off several default settings.
See the discussion of mysqldump option groups for information about
selectively enabling or disabling a subset of the options affected
by --opt.

This option is useful for dumping large tables. It forces mysqldump
to retrieve rows for a table from the server a row at a time rather
than retrieving the entire row set and buffering it in memory
before writing it out.

• --skip-opt
+---------------------+------------+
| Command-Line Format | --skip-opt |
+---------------------+------------+

See the description for the --opt option.
Transactional Options

The following options trade off the performance of the dump operation,
against the reliability and consistency of the exported data.

• --add-locks
+---------------------+-------------+
| Command-Line Format | --add-locks |
+---------------------+-------------+

Surround each table dump with LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES
statements. This results in faster inserts when the dump file is
reloaded. See Section 10.2.5.1, "Optimizing INSERT Statements".

• --flush-logs, -F
+---------------------+--------------+
| Command-Line Format | --flush-logs |
+---------------------+--------------+

Flush the MySQL server log files before starting the dump. This
option requires the RELOAD privilege. If you use this option in
combination with the --all-databases option, the logs are flushed
for each database dumped. The exception is when using
--lock-all-tables, --source-data or --master-data, or
--single-transaction. In these cases, the logs are flushed only
once, corresponding to the moment that all tables are locked by
FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK. If you want your dump and the log
flush to happen at exactly the same moment, you should use
--flush-logs together with --lock-all-tables, --source-data or
--master-data, or --single-transaction.

• --flush-privileges
+---------------------+--------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --flush-privileges |
+---------------------+--------------------+

Add a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement to the dump output after dumping
the mysql database. This option should be used any time the dump
contains the mysql database and any other database that depends on
the data in the mysql database for proper restoration.

Because the dump file contains a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement,
reloading the file requires privileges sufficient to execute that
statement.

Note
For upgrades to MySQL 5.7 or higher from older versions, do not
use --flush-privileges. For upgrade instructions in this case,
see Section 3.5, "Changes in MySQL 8.0".

• --lock-all-tables, -x
+---------------------+-------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --lock-all-tables |
+---------------------+-------------------+

Lock all tables across all databases. This is achieved by acquiring
a global read lock for the duration of the whole dump. This option
automatically turns off --single-transaction and --lock-tables.

• --lock-tables, -l
+---------------------+---------------+
| Command-Line Format | --lock-tables |
+---------------------+---------------+

For each dumped database, lock all tables to be dumped before
dumping them. The tables are locked with READ LOCAL to permit
concurrent inserts in the case of MyISAM tables. For transactional
tables such as InnoDB, --single-transaction is a much better option
than --lock-tables because it does not need to lock the tables at
all.

Because --lock-tables locks tables for each database separately,
this option does not guarantee that the tables in the dump file are
logically consistent between databases. Tables in different
databases may be dumped in completely different states.

Some options, such as --opt, automatically enable --lock-tables. If
you want to override this, use --skip-lock-tables at the end of the
option list.

• --no-autocommit
+---------------------+-----------------+
| Command-Line Format | --no-autocommit |
+---------------------+-----------------+

Enclose the INSERT statements for each dumped table within SET
autocommit = 0 and COMMIT statements.

• --order-by-primary
+---------------------+--------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --order-by-primary |
+---------------------+--------------------+

Dump each table's rows sorted by its primary key, or by its first
unique index, if such an index exists. This is useful when dumping
a MyISAM table to be loaded into an InnoDB table, but makes the
dump operation take considerably longer.

On Windows, the shared-memory name to use for connections made
using shared memory to a local server. The default value is MYSQL.
The shared-memory name is case-sensitive.

This option applies only if the server was started with the
shared_memory system variable enabled to support shared-memory
connections.

• --single-transaction
+---------------------+----------------------+
| Command-Line Format | --single-transaction |
+---------------------+----------------------+

This option sets the transaction isolation mode to REPEATABLE READ
and sends a START TRANSACTION SQL statement to the server before
dumping data. It is useful only with transactional tables such as
InnoDB, because then it dumps the consistent state of the database
at the time when START TRANSACTION was issued without blocking any
applications.

The RELOAD or FLUSH_TABLES privilege is required with
--single-transaction if both gtid_mode=ON and gtid_purged=ON|AUTO.
This requirement was added in MySQL 8.0.32.

When using this option, you should keep in mind that only InnoDB
tables are dumped in a consistent state. For example, any MyISAM or
MEMORY tables dumped while using this option may still change
state.

While a --single-transaction dump is in process, to ensure a valid
dump file (correct table contents and binary log coordinates), no
other connection should use the following statements: ALTER TABLE,
CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE, TRUNCATE TABLE. A
consistent read is not isolated from those statements, so use of
them on a table to be dumped can cause the SELECT that is performed
by mysqldump to retrieve the table contents to obtain incorrect
contents or fail.

The --single-transaction option and the --lock-tables option are
mutually exclusive because LOCK TABLES causes any pending
transactions to be committed implicitly.

Before 8.0.32: Using --single-transaction together with the
--set-gtid-purged option was not recommended; doing so could lead
to inconsistencies in the output of mysqldump.

To dump large tables, combine the --single-transaction option with
the --quick option.
Option Groups

• The --opt option turns on several settings that work together to
perform a fast dump operation. All of these settings are on by
default, because --opt is on by default. Thus you rarely if ever
specify --opt. Instead, you can turn these settings off as a group
by specifying --skip-opt, then optionally re-enable certain
settings by specifying the associated options later on the command
line.

• The --compact option turns off several settings that control
whether optional statements and comments appear in the output.
Again, you can follow this option with other options that re-enable
certain settings, or turn all the settings on by using the
--skip-compact form.

When you selectively enable or disable the effect of a group option,
order is important because options are processed first to last. For
example, --disable-keys --lock-tables --skip-opt would not have the
intended effect; it is the same as --skip-opt by itself. Examples

To make a backup of an entire database:

mysqldump db_name > backup-file.sql

To load the dump file back into the server:

mysql db_name < backup-file.sql

Another way to reload the dump file:

mysql -e "source /path-to-backup/backup-file.sql" db_name

mysqldump is also very useful for populating databases by copying data
from one MySQL server to another:

mysqldump --opt db_name | mysql --host=remote_host -C db_name

You can dump several databases with one command:

mysqldump --databases db_name1 [db_name2 ...] > my_databases.sql

To dump all databases, use the --all-databases option:

mysqldump --all-databases > all_databases.sql

For InnoDB tables, mysqldump provides a way of making an online backup:

mysqldump --all-databases --master-data --single-transaction > all_databases.sql

Or, in MySQL 8.0.26 and later:

mysqldump --all-databases --source-data --single-transaction > all_databases.sql

This backup acquires a global read lock on all tables (using FLUSH
TABLES WITH READ LOCK) at the beginning of the dump. As soon as this
lock has been acquired, the binary log coordinates are read and the
lock is released. If long updating statements are running when the
FLUSH statement is issued, the MySQL server may get stalled until those
statements finish. After that, the dump becomes lock free and does not
disturb reads and writes on the tables. If the update statements that
the MySQL server receives are short (in terms of execution time), the
initial lock period should not be noticeable, even with many updates.

For point-in-time recovery (also known as "roll-forward," when you need
to restore an old backup and replay the changes that happened since
that backup), it is often useful to rotate the binary log (see
Section 7.4.4, "The Binary Log") or at least know the binary log
coordinates to which the dump corresponds:

mysqldump --all-databases --master-data=2 > all_databases.sql

Or, in MySQL 8.0.26 and later:

mysqldump --all-databases --source-data=2 > all_databases.sql

Or:

mysqldump --all-databases --flush-logs --master-data=2 > all_databases.sql

Or, in MySQL 8.0.26 and later:

mysqldump --all-databases --flush-logs --source-data=2 > all_databases.sql

The --source-data or --master-data option can be used simultaneously
with the --single-transaction option, which provides a convenient way
to make an online backup suitable for use prior to point-in-time
recovery if tables are stored using the InnoDB storage engine.

For more information on making backups, see Section 9.2, "Database
Backup Methods", and Section 9.3, "Example Backup and Recovery
Strategy".

• To select the effect of --opt except for some features, use the
--skip option for each feature. To disable extended inserts and
memory buffering, use --opt --skip-extended-insert --skip-quick.
(Actually, --skip-extended-insert --skip-quick is sufficient
because --opt is on by default.)

• To reverse --opt for all features except disabling of indexes and
table locking, use --skip-opt --disable-keys --lock-tables.
Restrictions

mysqldump does not dump the performance_schema or sys schema by
default. To dump any of these, name them explicitly on the command
line. You can also name them with the --databases option. For
performance_schema, also use the --skip-lock-tables option.

mysqldump does not dump the INFORMATION_SCHEMA schema.

mysqldump does not dump InnoDB CREATE TABLESPACE statements.

mysqldump does not dump the NDB Cluster ndbinfo information database.

mysqldump includes statements to recreate the general_log and
slow_query_log tables for dumps of the mysql database. Log table
contents are not dumped.

If you encounter problems backing up views due to insufficient
privileges, see Section 27.9, "Restrictions on Views" for a workaround.

This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it only under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with the program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

NOTES
1. MySQL Shell dump utilities
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-shell/8.0/en/mysql-shell-utilities-dump-instance-schema.html

2. MySQL Shell load dump utilities
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-shell/8.0/en/mysql-shell-utilities-load-dump.html

3. here
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-shell/8.0/en/mysql-shell-install.html

4. Downgrade Notes
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/downgrading-to-previous-series.html

SEE ALSO
For more information, please refer to the MySQL Reference Manual, which
may already be installed locally and which is also available online at
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.

AUTHOR
Oracle Corporation (http://dev.mysql.com/).

MySQL 8.0 03/23/2026 MYSQLDUMP(1)

Want to link to this manual page? Use this URL:
<https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mysqldump&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports+15.1.quarterly>

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