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NAST(8) System Manager's Manual NAST(8) NAME NAST 0.2.0 - Network Analyzer Sniffer Tool SYNOPSIS nast [-G] [-i interface] [-l filename] [-f filter] [--ld filename] [-pdxPmsgrSMLbcCBVh] DESCRIPTION Nast is a packet sniffer and a LAN analyzer based on Libnet and Libpcap. It can sniff in normal mode or in promiscuous mode the packets on a network interface and log it. It dumps the headers of packets and the payload in ascii or ascii-hex format. You can apply a filter. The sniffed data can be saved in a separated file. As analyzer tool, it has many features like: * Build LAN hosts list * Follow a TCP-DATA stream * Find LAN Internet gateways * Discover promiscuous nodes * Reset an established connection * Perform a single half-open portscanner * Perform a multi half-open portscanner * Find link type (hub or switch) * Catch daemon banner of LAN nodes * Control ARP answers to discover possible ARP-spoofing * Byte counting with an optional filter * Write reports logging It also provides a new ncurses interface. CMDLINE SNIFFER OPTIONS -i, --interface Select the Interface, if not specified will be auto-detected. -p, --promisc Disable promiscuous mode on NIC. -d, --ascii-data Print data in ascii format. -x, --ascii-hex-data Print data in ascii-hex format. -f, --filter <"filter"> Apply <"filter"> to sniffer (see "FILTER SYNTAX" section below for syntax) --ld <filename> Log captured data to <filename> (only payload). Use -l to log all packet instead, useful with -B -T, --tcpdump-log <filename> Log all packets in tcpdump format to <filename> -R, --tcpdump-log-read <filename> Read all packets saved in tcpdump format from <filename> ANALYZER FEATURES -P, --check-promisc <ip> Check other NIC on the LAN with the promiscuous flag set. By performing a fake ARP broadcast, we can determine if a NIC is in promiscuous mode or not. If the checked host is in promiscuous mode it will responds with an ARP response otherwise it drop the packet. Note: This method doesn't work with all OS Use -P all to query all network NIC eg: root@localhost:~/$ nast -P 192.168.1.2 NAST "NETWORK ANALYZER SNIFFER TOOL" 192.168.1.2 (localhost.org) Found!! We can check all nodes by using: root@localhost:~/$ nast -P all -m, --host-list Map the LAN by performing a series of ARP request to sequential sub- net IP addresses. eg: root@localhost:~/$ nast -m NAST "NETWORK ANALYZER SNIFFER TOOL" Mapping the Lan for 255.255.255.0 subnet ... please wait MAC address IP address (hostname) =========================================================== 00:4R:BR:3E:21:12 192.168.1.1(nast.experiment.net) 00:50:BA:80:AC:11 192.168.1.2 (localhost.org) (*) (*) This is localhost -s, --tcp-stream Follow a TCP/IP connection printing all data in payload. You must specify the IP addresses of the ends. eg of a ftp connection: root@localhost:~/$ nast -s NAST "NETWORK ANALYZER SNIFFER TOOL" Type connection extremes ------------------------ 1st ip : 192.168.1.1 1st port : 1041 2nd : 192.168.1.2 2nd port : 21 NAST TCP STREAM LOG 192.168.1.1->mistaya.neverland.org PASV 192.168.1.1<-mistaya.neverland.org 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,2,4,12). 192.168.1.1->mistaya.neverland.org LIST (...) -g, --find-gateway Try to find possible Internet-gateways. We send a SYN packet to a public host on port 80 through sequential host-lan and if a SYN-ACK return we have find the gateway. -r, --reset-connection Destroy an established connection. You must specify the IP addresses of the ends and at least one port . Please, pay attention when use this function. eg: root@localhost:~/$ nast -r NAST "NETWORK ANALYZER SNIFFER TOOL" Type connection extremes ------------------------ 1 ip / hostname : 192.168.1.1 1 port (0 to autodetect) : 0 2 ip / hostname : 192.168.1.2 2 port (0 to autodetect) : 21 - Waiting for SEQ ACK (192.168.1.1 -> 192.168.1.2:21) - Stoled SEQ (247656261) ACK (3764364876)... - Connection has been resetted This feature works only if we can read SEQ and ACK numbers, because RST mechanism works with them. -S, --port-scanner Performs a half-open port scanning on the selected host. It tries also to determine some firewall (just iptables) rules. About this technique NMAP says: This technique is often referred to as "half-open" scanning, because you don't open a full TCP connec- tion. You send a SYN packet, as if you are going to open a real connection and you wait for a response. A SYN|ACK indicates the port is listening. A RST is indicative of a non-listener. If a SYN|ACK is received, a RST is immediately sent to tear down the connection (actually our OS kernel does this for us). The primary advantage to this scanning technique is that fewer sites will log it. Unfor- tunately you need root privileges to build these custom SYN packets. eg: root@localhost:~/$ nast -S NAST "NETWORK ANALYZER SNIFFER TOOL" Port Scanner extremes Insert IP to scan : 192.168.1.3 Insert Port range : 1-100 Wait for scanning... State Port Services Notes Open 22 ssh None Open 27 nsw-fe None All the other 98 ports are in state closed Scanning terminated on Apr 14 21:46:55 The Port range could be in the following style: eg: 1-100 (means from port 1 to 100) 1,3,5,1000 (means ports 1,3,5 and 1000) 1-50,60 (means from port 1 to 50 and port 60) -M, --multi-port-scanner Same as above but done on all hosts of the lan. -L, --find-link Tries to determine what type of link is used in the LAN (Hub or switch). In the LAN segment is there a HUB or a SWITCH? We can find it by sending a spoofed ICMP echo-request (to work there must be at least 3 host in LAN and at least one of them must reply with a ICMP echo- replay) -b, --daemon-banner Checks the most famous daemon banner on the LAN's hosts. You can customize ports database adding them to ports[] variable in main.c -c, --check-arp-poisoning Control ARP answers to discover possible ARP spoofing attacks like man-in-the-middle When run, Nast make a database of all network node (IP and MAC ad- dress), then sniff ARP response and verify the correctness of IP-mac address association. Remember to execute Nast when you are sure that nobody is making ARP-poisoning, than have fun and relax and check program output:). -C, --byte-counting <"filter"> Apply traffic counting to <"filter"> (see FILTER SYNTAX section be- low for syntax) Use -C any if you don't want to use a filter. eg: root@localhost:~/$ nast -C any NAST "NETWORK ANALYZER SNIFFER TOOL" Reading from "eth0" Packets Total Current speed Average speed ---------------------------------------------------------------- - 24 1008B 18B/s 21B/s GENERAL OPTIONS -G, --ncurses Run Nast with the ncurses interfaces (only if compiled with ncurses support) -l, --log-file <filename> Log reports to <filename>. Work with many features. -B, --daemon Run in background like daemon and turn off stdout (very useful for sniffer/stream/ARP control logging) -V, --version Show version information NCURSES INTERFACE NOTE Versions later 0.2.0 have a new ncurses interface which has many improve- ments regarding the correspondent command line version. For example you can select the connection interactively for tcp stream and reset features and byte counting module show much more informations (packets type and connec- tions load). Please read NCURSES_README file before using the ncurses interface! FILTER SYNTAX, WHAT PCAP GIVE US! Important: this section has been copied from Tcpdump 3.7.1 manpage and "ex- pression" here stand from "filter". Remeber to enclose filter between apexes ("something like this") expression selects which packets will be dumped. If no expression is given, all packets on the net will be dumped. Otherwise, only packets for which expression is `true' will be dumped. The expression consists of one or more primitives. Primitives usu- ally consist of an id (name or number) preceded by one or more qual- ifiers. There are three different kinds of qualifier: type qualifiers say what kind of thing the id name or number refers to. Possible types are host, net and port. E.g., `host foo', `net 128.3', `port 20'. If there is no type qualifier, host is assumed. dir qualifiers specify a particular transfer direction to and/or from id. Possible directions are src, dst, src or dst and src and dst. E.g., `src foo', `dst net 128.3', `src or dst port ftp-data'. If there is no dir qualifier, src or dst is assumed. For `null' link layers (i.e. point to point proto- cols such as slip) the inbound and outbound qualifiers can be used to specify a desired direction. proto qualifiers restrict the match to a particular protocol. Pos- sible protos are: ether, fddi, tr, ip, ip6, arp, rarp, dec- net, tcp and udp. E.g., `ether src foo', `arp net 128.3', `tcp port 21'. If there is no proto qualifier, all protocols consistent with the type are assumed. E.g., `src foo' means `(ip or arp or rarp) src foo' (except the latter is not legal syntax), `net bar' means `(ip or arp or rarp) net bar' and `port 53' means `(tcp or udp) port 53'. [`fddi' is actually an alias for `ether'; the parser treats them identically as meaning ``the data link level used on the specified network interface.'' FDDI headers contain Ethernet-like source and destination addresses, and often contain Ethernet-like packet types, so you can filter on these FDDI fields just as with the analogous Ethernet fields. FDDI headers also contain other fields, but you cannot name them explicitly in a filter expression. Similarly, `tr' is an alias for `ether'; the previous paragraph's statements about FDDI headers also apply to Token Ring headers.] In addition to the above, there are some special `primitive' key- words that don't follow the pattern: gateway, broadcast, less, greater and arithmetic expressions. All of these are described be- low. More complex filter expressions are built up by using the words and, or and not to combine primitives. E.g., `host foo and not port ftp and not port ftp-data'. To save typing, identical qualifier lists can be omitted. E.g., `tcp dst port ftp or ftp-data or domain' is exactly the same as `tcp dst port ftp or tcp dst port ftp-data or tcp dst port domain'. Allowable primitives are: dst host host True if the IPv4/v6 destination field of the packet is host, which may be either an address or a name. src host host True if the IPv4/v6 source field of the packet is host. host host True if either the IPv4/v6 source or destination of the packet is host. Any of the above host expressions can be prepended with the keywords, ip, arp, rarp, or ip6 as in: ip host host which is equivalent to: ether proto \ip and host host If host is a name with multiple IP addresses, each address will be checked for a match. ether dst ehost True if the ethernet destination address is ehost. Ehost may be either a name from /etc/ethers or a number (see ethers(3N) for numeric format). ether src ehost True if the ethernet source address is ehost. ether host ehost True if either the ethernet source or destination address is ehost. gateway host True if the packet used host as a gateway. I.e., the ether- net source or destination address was host but neither the IP source nor the IP destination was host. Host must be a name and must be found both by the machine's host-name-to-IP-ad- dress resolution mechanisms (host name file, DNS, NIS, etc.) and by the machine's host-name-to-Ethernet-address resolution mechanism (/etc/ethers, etc.). (An equivalent expression is ether host ehost and not host host which can be used with either names or numbers for host / ehost.) This syntax does not work in IPv6-enabled configura- tion at this moment. dst net net True if the IPv4/v6 destination address of the packet has a network number of net. Net may be either a name from /etc/networks or a network number (see networks(4) for de- tails). src net net True if the IPv4/v6 source address of the packet has a net- work number of net. net netTrue if either the IPv4/v6 source or destination address of the packet has a network number of net. net net mask netmask True if the IP address matches net with the specific netmask. May be qualified with src or dst. Note that this syntax is not valid for IPv6 net. net net/len True if the IPv4/v6 address matches net with a netmask len bits wide. May be qualified with src or dst. dst port port True if the packet is ip/tcp, ip/udp, ip6/tcp or ip6/udp and has a destination port value of port. The port can be a num- ber or a name used in /etc/services (see tcp(4P) and udp(4P)). If a name is used, both the port number and proto- col are checked. If a number or ambiguous name is used, only the port number is checked (e.g., dst port 513 will print both tcp/login traffic and udp/who traffic, and port domain will print both tcp/domain and udp/domain traffic). src port port True if the packet has a source port value of port. port port True if either the source or destination port of the packet is port. Any of the above port expressions can be prepended with the keywords, tcp or udp, as in: tcp src port port which matches only tcp packets whose source port is port. less length True if the packet has a length less than or equal to length. This is equivalent to: len <= length. greater length True if the packet has a length greater than or equal to length. This is equivalent to: len >= length. ip proto protocol True if the packet is an IP packet (see ip(4P)) of protocol type protocol. Protocol can be a number or one of the names icmp, icmp6, igmp, igrp, pim, ah, esp, vrrp, udp, or tcp. Note that the identifiers tcp, udp, and icmp are also key- words and must be escaped via backslash (\), which is \\ in the C-shell. Note that this primitive does not chase the protocol header chain. ip6 proto protocol True if the packet is an IPv6 packet of protocol type proto- col. Note that this primitive does not chase the protocol header chain. ip6 protochain protocol True if the packet is IPv6 packet, and contains protocol header with type protocol in its protocol header chain. For example, ip6 protochain 6 matches any IPv6 packet with TCP protocol header in the pro- tocol header chain. The packet may contain, for example, au- thentication header, routing header, or hop-by-hop option header, between IPv6 header and TCP header. The BPF code emitted by this primitive is complex and cannot be optimized by BPF optimizer code in tcpdump, so this can be somewhat slow. ip protochain protocol Equivalent to ip6 protochain protocol, but this is for IPv4. ether broadcast True if the packet is an ethernet broadcast packet. The ether keyword is optional. ip broadcast True if the packet is an IP broadcast packet. It checks for both the all-zeroes and all-ones broadcast conventions, and looks up the local subnet mask. ether multicast True if the packet is an ethernet multicast packet. The ether keyword is optional. This is shorthand for `ether[0] & 1 != 0'. ip multicast True if the packet is an IP multicast packet. ip6 multicast True if the packet is an IPv6 multicast packet. ether proto protocol True if the packet is of ether type protocol. Protocol can be a number or one of the names ip, ip6, arp, rarp, atalk, aarp, decnet, sca, lat, mopdl, moprc, iso, stp, ipx, or net- beui. Note these identifiers are also keywords and must be escaped via backslash (\). [In the case of FDDI (e.g., `fddi protocol arp') and Token Ring (e.g., `tr protocol arp'), for most of those protocols, the protocol identification comes from the 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) header, which is usually layered on top of the FDDI or Token Ring header. When filtering for most protocol identifiers on FDDI or Token Ring, tcpdump checks only the protocol ID field of an LLC header in so-called SNAP format with an Organizational Unit Identifier (OUI) of 0x000000, for encapsulated Ethernet; it doesn't check whether the packet is in SNAP format with an OUI of 0x000000. The exceptions are iso, for which it checks the DSAP (Desti- nation Service Access Point) and SSAP (Source Service Access Point) fields of the LLC header, stp and netbeui, where it checks the DSAP of the LLC header, and atalk, where it checks for a SNAP-format packet with an OUI of 0x080007 and the Ap- pletalk etype. In the case of Ethernet, tcpdump checks the Ethernet type field for most of those protocols; the exceptions are iso, sap, and netbeui, for which it checks for an 802.3 frame and then checks the LLC header as it does for FDDI and Token Ring, atalk, where it checks both for the Appletalk etype in an Ethernet frame and for a SNAP-format packet as it does for FDDI and Token Ring, aarp, where it checks for the Appletalk ARP etype in either an Ethernet frame or an 802.2 SNAP frame with an OUI of 0x000000, and ipx, where it checks for the IPX etype in an Ethernet frame, the IPX DSAP in the LLC header, the 802.3 with no LLC header encapsulation of IPX, and the IPX etype in a SNAP frame.] decnet src host True if the DECNET source address is host, which may be an address of the form ``10.123'', or a DECNET host name. [DEC- NET host name support is only available on Ultrix systems that are configured to run DECNET.] decnet dst host True if the DECNET destination address is host. decnet host host True if either the DECNET source or destination address is host. ip, ip6, arp, rarp, atalk, aarp, decnet, iso, stp, ipx, netbeui Abbreviations for: ether proto p where p is one of the above protocols. lat, moprc, mopdl Abbreviations for: ether proto p where p is one of the above protocols. Note that tcpdump does not currently know how to parse these protocols. vlan [vlan_id] True if the packet is an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN packet. If [vlan_id] is specified, only true is the packet has the spec- ified vlan_id. Note that the first vlan keyword encountered in expression changes the decoding offsets for the remainder of expression on the assumption that the packet is a VLAN packet. tcp, udp, icmp Abbreviations for: ip proto p or ip6 proto p where p is one of the above protocols. iso proto protocol True if the packet is an OSI packet of protocol type proto- col. Protocol can be a number or one of the names clnp, esis, or isis. clnp, esis, isis Abbreviations for: iso proto p where p is one of the above protocols. Note that tcpdump does an incomplete job of parsing these protocols. EXAMPLES Here are some examples of the use of NAST: nast -p -f "src 192.168.1.2" In this example we put the NIC in promiscuous mode and with the help of the filter we choose to see only the traffic from 192.168.1.2 nast -p -B --ld logfile.txt Here we run nast in background mode and log all data that pass through our NIC. nast -S -l logfile.txt In this other case we log the results of the port scanner in the file "log- file.txt" nast -c -B This is a very useful options. We run in background mode nast that checks if someone is arp-poisoning. SUPPORTED PLATFORMS Tested: * Linux 2.4.x * Linux 2.6.x * FreeBSD 5.x * FreeBSD 4.x Not tested yet: * Linux 2.2.x AVAILABILITY Official web site: http://nast.berlios.de Newsletter: http://lists.berlios.de/mailman/listinfo/nast-news KNOWN BUGS * Promiscuous mode scanner many times returns wrong results * Sometimes the port scanner generates false results Please report bugs to authors AUTHORS Embyte <embyte@madlab.it> Snifth <snifth@box.it> LICENSE GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 See COPYING for details. NAST 0.2.0 20040216 NAST(8)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | CMDLINE SNIFFER OPTIONS | ANALYZER FEATURES | GENERAL OPTIONS | NCURSES INTERFACE NOTE | FILTER SYNTAX, WHAT PCAP GIVE US! | EXAMPLES | SUPPORTED PLATFORMS | AVAILABILITY | KNOWN BUGS | AUTHORS | LICENSE
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