Skip site navigation (1)Skip section navigation (2)

FreeBSD Manual Pages

  
 
  

home | help
ovs-fields(7)		      Open vSwitch Manual		 ovs-fields(7)

NAME
       ovs-fields - protocol header fields in OpenFlow and Open	vSwitch

INTRODUCTION
       This  document aims to comprehensively document all of the fields, both
       standard	and non-standard, supported by OpenFlow	or Open	 vSwitch,  re-
       gardless	of origin.

   Fields
       A  field	 is  a	property of a packet. Most familiarly, data fields are
       fields that can be extracted from a packet. Most	data fields are	copied
       directly	from protocol headers, e.g. at layer 2,	 the  Ethernet	source
       and destination addresses, or the VLAN ID; at layer 3, the IPv4 or IPv6
       source  and  destination;  and  at layer	4, the TCP or UDP ports. Other
       data fields are computed, e.g. ip_frag describes	whether	a packet is  a
       fragment	but it is not copied directly from the IP header.

       Data  fields that are always present as a consequence of	the basic net-
       working technology in use are called called root	fields.	 Open  vSwitch
       2.7  and	earlier	considered Ethernet fields to be root fields, and this
       remains the default mode	of operation for Open vSwitch bridges. When  a
       packet  is  received  from a non-Ethernet interfaces, such as a layer-3
       LISP tunnel, Open vSwitch 2.7 and earlier force-fit the packet to  this
       Ethernet-centric	point of view by pretending that an Ethernet header is
       present	whose  Ethernet	 type  that indicates the packet's actual type
       (and whose source and destination addresses are all-zero).

       Open vSwitch 2.8	and later implement the	``packet type-aware pipeline''
       concept introduced in OpenFlow 1.5. Such	a pipeline does	not  have  any
       root  fields. Instead, a	new metadata field, packet_type, indicates the
       basic type of the packet, which can be Ethernet,	IPv4, IPv6, or another
       type. For backward compatibility, by default Open vSwitch 2.8  imitates
       the  behavior  of  Open vSwitch 2.7 and earlier.	Later versions of Open
       vSwitch may change the default, and in  the  meantime  controllers  can
       turn  off this legacy behavior, on a port-by-port basis,	by setting op-
       tions:packet_type to ptap in the	Interface table. This  is  significant
       only for	ports that can handle non-Ethernet packets, which is currently
       just  LISP, VXLAN-GPE, and GRE tunnel ports. See	ovs-vwitchd.conf.db(5)
       for more	information.

       Non-root	data fields are	not always  present.  A	 packet	 contains  ARP
       fields,	for example, only when its packet type is ARP or when it is an
       Ethernet	packet whose Ethernet header indicates the Ethertype for  ARP,
       0x0806.	In  this documentation,	we say that a field is applicable when
       it is present in	a packet, and inapplicable when	it is not. (These  are
       not  standard terms.) We	refer to the conditions	that determine whether
       a field is applicable as	prerequisites. Some VLAN-related fields	are  a
       special	case: these fields are always applicable for Ethernet packets,
       but have	a designated value or bit that indicates whether a VLAN	header
       is present, with	the remaining  values  or  bits	 indicating  the  VLAN
       header's	content	(if it is present).

       An  inapplicable	 field	does  not  have	 a  value,  not	even a nominal
       ``value'' such as all-zero-bits.	In many	 circumstances,	 OpenFlow  and
       Open  vSwitch  allow references only to applicable fields. For example,
       one may match (see Matching, below) a given field only if the match in-
       cludes the field's prerequisite,	e.g. matching an ARP field is only al-
       lowed if	one also matches on Ethertype 0x0806 or	 the  packet_type  for
       ARP in a	packet type-aware bridge.

       Sometimes  a packet may contain multiple	instances of a header. For ex-
       ample, a	packet may contain multiple VLAN or MPLS headers, and  tunnels
       can cause any data field	to recur. OpenFlow and Open vSwitch do not ad-
       dress these cases uniformly. For	VLAN and MPLS headers, only the	outer-
       most  header  is	accessible, so that inner headers may be accessed only
       by ``popping'' (removing) the outer header. (Open vSwitch supports only
       a single	VLAN header in any case.) For tunnels, e.g. GRE	or VXLAN,  the
       outer header and	inner headers are treated as different data fields.

       Many  network  protocols	are built in layers as a stack of concatenated
       headers.	Each header typically contains a ``next	type'' field that  in-
       dicates	the  type  of  the protocol header that	follows, e.g. Ethernet
       contains	an Ethertype and IPv4 contains a IP protocol type. The	excep-
       tional  cases,  where protocols are layered but an outer	layer does not
       indicate	the protocol type for the inner	layer, or gives	 only  an  am-
       biguous	indication, are	troublesome. An	MPLS header, for example, only
       indicates whether another MPLS header or	some other  protocol  follows,
       and  in	the latter case	the inner protocol must	be known from the con-
       text. In	these exceptional cases, OpenFlow and Open vSwitch cannot pro-
       vide insight into the inner protocol  data  fields  without  additional
       context,	 and thus they treat all later data fields as inapplicable un-
       til an OpenFlow action explicitly specifies what	protocol  follows.  In
       the  case  of  MPLS,  the OpenFlow ``pop	MPLS'' action that removes the
       last MPLS header	from a packet provides this context, as	the  Ethertype
       of the payload. See Layer 2.5: MPLS for more information.

       OpenFlow	 and  Open vSwitch support some	fields other than data fields.
       Metadata	fields relate to the origin or treatment of a packet, but they
       are not extracted from the packet data itself. One example is the phys-
       ical port on which a packet arrived at the switch. Register fields  act
       like  variables:	they give an OpenFlow switch space for temporary stor-
       age while processing a packet. Existing metadata	 and  register	fields
       have no prerequisites.

       A  field's  value  consists  of	an  integral number of bytes. For data
       fields, sometimes those bytes are taken directly	from the packet. Other
       data fields are copied from a packet with padding (usually  with	 zeros
       and  in	the most significant positions). The remaining data fields are
       transformed in other ways as they are copied from the packets, to  make
       them more useful	for matching.

   Matching
       The  most important use of fields in OpenFlow is	matching, to determine
       whether particular field	values agree with a set	of constraints	called
       a  match.  A  match  consists of	zero or	more constraints on individual
       fields, all of which must be met	to satisfy the match.  (A  match  that
       contains	no constraints is always satisfied.) OpenFlow and Open vSwitch
       support a number	of forms of matching on	individual fields:

	      Exact match, e.g.	nw_src=10.1.2.3
		     Only  a particular	value of the field is matched; for ex-
		     ample, only  one  particular  source  IP  address.	 Exact
		     matches  are  written  as field=value. The	forms accepted
		     for value depend on the field.

		     All fields	support	exact matches.

	      Bitwise match, e.g. nw_src=10.1.0.0/255.255.0.0
		     Specific bits in the field	must  have  specified  values;
		     for  example,  only  source  IP addresses in a particular
		     subnet. Bitwise matches are written as  field=value/mask,
		     where  value  and mask take one of	the forms accepted for
		     an	exact match on field. Some fields accept  other	 forms
		     for       bitwise	     matches;	    for	      example,
		     nw_src=10.1.0.0/255.255.0.0   may	 also	 be    written
		     nw_src=10.1.0.0/16.

		     Most  OpenFlow switches do	not allow every	bitwise	match-
		     ing on every field	(and before OpenFlow 1.2, the protocol
		     did  not  even  provide  for  the	possibility  for  most
		     fields).  Even switches that do allow bitwise matching on
		     a given field may restrict	the masks  that	 are  allowed,
		     e.g.  by allowing matches only on contiguous sets of bits
		     starting from the most significant	bit, that is, ``CIDR''
		     masks [RFC	4632]. Open vSwitch does  not  allows  bitwise
		     matching  on every	field, but it allows arbitrary bitwise
		     masks on any field	that does  support  bitwise  matching.
		     (Older  versions  had some	restrictions, as documented in
		     the descriptions of individual fields.)

	      Wildcard,	e.g. ``any nw_src''
		     The value of the field  is	 not  constrained.  Wildcarded
		     fields  may be written as field=*,	although it is unusual
		     to	mention	them at	all. (When specifying a	 wildcard  ex-
		     plicitly  in a command invocation,	be sure	to using quot-
		     ing to protect against shell expansion.)

		     There is a	tiny difference	between	 wildcarding  a	 field
		     and  not  specifying  any match on	a field: wildcarding a
		     field requires satisfying the field's prerequisites.

       Some types of matches on	individual fields cannot be expressed directly
       with OpenFlow and Open vSwitch. These can be expressed indirectly:

	      Set match, e.g. ``tcp_dst	<element of> {80, 443, 8080}''
		     The value of a field is one of a specified	set of values;
		     for example, the TCP destination  port  is	 80,  443,  or
		     8080.

		     For  matches  used	 in flows (see Flows, below), multiple
		     flows can simulate	set matches.

	      Range match, e.g.	``1000 <= tcp_dst <= 1999''
		     The value of the field must lie within a numerical	range,
		     for example, TCP destination ports	between	1000 and 1999.

		     Range matches can be expressed as a collection of bitwise
		     matches. For example, suppose that	the goal is  to	 match
		     TCP source	ports 1000 to 1999, inclusive. The binary rep-
		     resentations of 1000 and 1999 are:

		     01111101000
		     11111001111

		     The  following  series of bitwise matches will match 1000
		     and 1999 and all the values in between:

		     01111101xxx
		     0111111xxxx
		     10xxxxxxxxx
		     110xxxxxxxx
		     1110xxxxxxx
		     11110xxxxxx
		     1111100xxxx

		     which can be written as the following matches:

		     tcp,tp_src=0x03e8/0xfff8
		     tcp,tp_src=0x03f0/0xfff0
		     tcp,tp_src=0x0400/0xfe00
		     tcp,tp_src=0x0600/0xff00
		     tcp,tp_src=0x0700/0xff80
		     tcp,tp_src=0x0780/0xffc0
		     tcp,tp_src=0x07c0/0xfff0

	      Inequality match,	e.g. ``tcp_dst != 80''
		     The value of the field differs from  a  specified	value,
		     for example, all TCP destination ports except 80.

		     An	inequality match on an n-bit field can be expressed as
		     a	disjunction  of	 n 1-bit matches. For example, the in-
		     equality match ``vlan_pcp !=  5''	can  be	 expressed  as
		     ``vlan_pcp	 =  0/4	or vlan_pcp = 2/2 or vlan_pcp =	0/1.''
		     For matches used in flows (see Flows,  below),  sometimes
		     one  can  more  compactly express inequality as a higher-
		     priority flow that	matches	the  exceptional  case	paired
		     with a lower-priority flow	that matches the general case.

		     Alternatively,  an	inequality match may be	converted to a
		     pair of range matches, e.g. tcp_src  !=  80  may  be  ex-
		     pressed  as  ``0  <=  tcp_src  <  80  or  80 < tcp_src <=
		     65535'', and then each range match	may in	turn  be  con-
		     verted to a bitwise match.

	      Conjunctive match, e.g. ``tcp_src	<element of> {80, 443, 8080}
	      and tcp_dst <element of> {80, 443, 8080}''
		     As	 an OpenFlow extension,	Open vSwitch supports matching
		     on	conditions on conjunctions of the previously mentioned
		     forms of matching.	See the	documentation for conj_id  for
		     more information.

       All  of	these supported	forms of matching are special cases of bitwise
       matching. In some cases this influences the  design  of	field  values.
       ip_frag	is  the	 most prominent	example: it is designed	to make	all of
       the practically useful checks for IP fragmentation possible as a	single
       bitwise match.

     Shorthands

       Some matches are	very commonly used, so Open vSwitch accepts  shorthand
       notations.  In  some  cases, Open vSwitch also uses shorthand notations
       when it displays	matches. The following shorthands  are	defined,  with
       their long forms	shown on the right side:

	      eth    packet_type=(0,0) (Open vSwitch 2.8 and later)

	      ip     eth_type=0x0800

	      ipv6   eth_type=0x86dd

	      icmp   eth_type=0x0800,ip_proto=1

	      icmp6  eth_type=0x86dd,ip_proto=58

	      tcp    eth_type=0x0800,ip_proto=6

	      tcp6   eth_type=0x86dd,ip_proto=6

	      udp    eth_type=0x0800,ip_proto=17

	      udp6   eth_type=0x86dd,ip_proto=17

	      sctp   eth_type=0x0800,ip_proto=132

	      sctp6  eth_type=0x86dd,ip_proto=132

	      arp    eth_type=0x0806

	      rarp   eth_type=0x8035

	      mpls   eth_type=0x8847

	      mplsm  eth_type=0x8848

   Evolution of	OpenFlow Fields
       The  discussion	so  far	 applies to all	OpenFlow and Open vSwitch ver-
       sions. This section starts to draw in specific information by  explain-
       ing,  in	broad terms, the treatment of fields and matches in each Open-
       Flow version.

     OpenFlow 1.0

       OpenFlow	1.0 defined the	OpenFlow protocol  format  of  a  match	 as  a
       fixed-length data structure that	could match on the following fields:

	      	     Ingress port.

	      	     Ethernet source and destination MAC.

	      	     Ethertype (with a special value to	match frames that lack
		     an	Ethertype).

	      	     VLAN ID and priority.

	      	     IPv4 source, destination, protocol, and DSCP.

	      	     TCP source	and destination	port.

	      	     UDP source	and destination	port.

	      	     ICMPv4 type and code.

	      	     ARP IPv4 addresses	(SPA and TPA) and opcode.

       Each supported field corresponded to some member	of the data structure.
       Some  members represented multiple fields, in the case of the TCP, UDP,
       ICMPv4, and ARP fields whose presence is	mutually exclusive. This  also
       meant that some members were poor fits for their	fields:	only the low 8
       bits of the 16-bit ARP opcode could be represented, and the ICMPv4 type
       and  code were padded with 8 bits of zeros to fit in the	16-bit members
       primarily meant for TCP and UDP ports. An additional bitmap member  in-
       dicated,	 for  each member, whether its field should be an ``exact'' or
       ``wildcarded'' match (see Matching), with additional support  for  CIDR
       prefix matching on the IPv4 source and destination fields.

       Simplicity was recognized early on as the main virtue of	this approach.
       Obviously,  any fixed-length data structure cannot support matching new
       protocols that do not fit. There	was no room, for example, for matching
       IPv6 fields, which was not a priority at	the time. Lack of room to sup-
       port matching the Ethernet addresses inside ARP packets actually	caused
       more of a design	problem	later, leading to an  Open  vSwitch  extension
       action  specialized  for	 dropping ``spoofed'' ARP packets in which the
       frame and ARP Ethernet source addressed differed. (This	extension  was
       never  standardized. Open vSwitch dropped support for it	a few releases
       after it	added support for full ARP matching.)

       The design of the OpenFlow fixed-length matches also  illustrates  com-
       promises,  in  both directions, between the strengths and weaknesses of
       software	and hardware that have always influenced the design  of	 Open-
       Flow. Support for matching ARP fields that do fit in the	data structure
       was  only  added	 late  in the design process (and remained optional in
       OpenFlow	1.0), for example, because common switch ASICs did not support
       matching	these fields.

       The compromises in favor	of software occurred for more complicated rea-
       sons. The OpenFlow designers did	not know how to	implement matching  in
       software	 that  was  fast, dynamic, and general.	(A way was later found
       [Srinivasan].) Thus, the	designers sought to support  dynamic,  general
       matching	 that  would be	fast in	realistic special cases, in particular
       when all	of the matches were microflows,	that is, matches that  specify
       every  field  present  in  a packet, because such matches can be	imple-
       mented as a single hash table lookup. Contemporary  research  supported
       the  feasibility	of this	approach: the number of	microflows in a	campus
       network had been	measured to peak  at  about  10,000  [Casado,  section
       3.2]. (Calculations show	that this can only be true in a	lightly	loaded
       network [Pepelnjak].)

       As  a result, OpenFlow 1.0 required switches to treat microflow matches
       as the highest possible priority. This let  software  switches  perform
       the  microflow  hash table lookup first.	Only on	failure	to match a mi-
       croflow did the switch need to fall back	to checking the	 more  general
       and presumed slower matches. Also, the OpenFlow 1.0 flow	match was min-
       imally  flexible,  with no support for general bitwise matching,	partly
       on the basis that this seemed more likely amenable to relatively	 effi-
       cient  software	implementation.	 (CIDR	masking	for IPv4 addresses was
       added relatively	late in	the OpenFlow 1.0 design	process.)

       Microflow matching was later discovered to aid some hardware  implemen-
       tations.	 The  TCAM  chips used for matching in hardware	do not support
       priority	in the same way	as OpenFlow but	instead	tie priority to	order-
       ing [Pagiamtzis]. Thus, adding a	new match with a priority between  the
       priorities of existing matches can require reordering an	arbitrary num-
       ber  of	TCAM  entries.	On the other hand, when	microflows are highest
       priority, they can be managed as	a set-aside portion of	the  TCAM  en-
       tries.

       The  emphasis  on  matching  microflows also led	designers to carefully
       consider	the bandwidth requirements between switch and  controller:  to
       maximize	 the  number of	microflow setups per second, one must minimize
       the size	of each	flow's description. This favored the fixed-length for-
       mat in use, because it expressed	common TCP and UDP microflows in fewer
       bytes than more flexible	``type-length-value''  (TLV)  formats.	(Early
       versions	 of OpenFlow also avoided TLVs in general to head off protocol
       fragmentation.)

       Inapplicable Fields

       OpenFlow	1.0 does not clearly specify how to treat inapplicable fields.
       The members for inapplicable fields are always  present	in  the	 match
       data  structure,	 as  are the bits that indicate	whether	the fields are
       matched,	and the	``correct'' member and	bit  values  for  inapplicable
       fields  is unclear. OpenFlow 1.0	implementations	changed	their behavior
       over time as priorities shifted.	The early OpenFlow reference implemen-
       tation, motivated to make every flow a  microflow  to  enable  hashing,
       treated	inapplicable  fields  as  exact	 matches on a value of 0. Ini-
       tially, this behavior was implemented in	the reference controller only.

       Later, the reference switch was also  changed  to  actually  force  any
       wildcarded  inapplicable	fields into exact matches on 0.	The latter be-
       havior sometimes	caused problems, because the modified flow was the one
       reported	back to	the controller later when it queried the  flow	table,
       and  the	 modifications	sometimes  meant that the controller could not
       properly	recognize the flow that	it had added. In  retrospect,  perhaps
       this  problem  should have alerted the designers	to a design error, but
       the ability to use a single hash	table was held to  be  more  important
       than almost every other consideration at	the time.

       When  more flexible match formats were introduced much later, they dis-
       allowed any mention of inapplicable fields as part  of  a  match.  This
       raised the question of how to translate between this new	format and the
       OpenFlow	1.0 fixed format. It seemed somewhat inconsistent and backward
       to  treat  fields as exact-match	in one format and forbid matching them
       in the other, so	instead	the treatment of inapplicable  fields  in  the
       fixed-length  format  was changed from exact match on 0 to wildcarding.
       (A better classifier had	by now eliminated software  performance	 prob-
       lems with wildcards.)

       The OpenFlow 1.0.1 errata (released only	in 2012) added some additional
       explanation  [OpenFlow 1.0.1, section 3.4], but it did not mandate spe-
       cific behavior because of variation among implementations.

     OpenFlow 1.1

       The  OpenFlow  1.1  protocol   match   format   was   designed	as   a
       type/length/value  (TLV)	 format	 to  allow for future flexibility. The
       specification standardized only a single	type OFPMT_STANDARD (0)	with a
       fixed-size payload, described here. The additional fields  and  bitwise
       masks  in  OpenFlow  1.1	cause this match structure to be over twice as
       large as	in OpenFlow 1.0, 88 bytes versus 40.

       OpenFlow	1.1 added support for the following fields:

	      	     SCTP source and destination port.

	      	     MPLS label	and traffic control (TC) fields.

	      	     One 64-bit	register (named	``metadata'').

       OpenFlow	1.1 increased the width	of the ingress port number field  (and
       all other port numbers in the protocol) from 16 bits to 32 bits.

       OpenFlow	 1.1  increased	 matching flexibility by introducing arbitrary
       bitwise matching	on Ethernet and	IPv4 address fields  and  on  the  new
       ``metadata''  register field. Switches were not required	to support all
       possible	masks [OpenFlow	1.1, section 4.3].

       By a strict reading of the specification, OpenFlow 1.1 removed  support
       for  matching  ICMPv4  type and code [OpenFlow 1.1, section A.2.3], but
       this is likely an editing error	because	 ICMP  matching	 is  described
       elsewhere [OpenFlow 1.1,	Table 3, Table 4, Figure 4]. Open vSwitch does
       support ICMPv4 type and code matching with OpenFlow 1.1.

       OpenFlow	 1.1 avoided the pitfalls of inapplicable fields that OpenFlow
       1.0 encountered,	by requiring the switch	to ignore the specified	 field
       values  [OpenFlow  1.1, section A.2.3]. It also implied that the	switch
       should ignore the bits that  indicate  whether  to  match  inapplicable
       fields.

       Physical	Ingress	Port

       OpenFlow	 1.1 introduced	a new pseudo-field, the	physical ingress port.
       The physical ingress port is only a pseudo-field	because	it  cannot  be
       used  for  matching.  It	appears	only one place in the protocol,	in the
       ``packet-in'' message that passes a packet received at the switch to an
       OpenFlow	controller.

       A packet's ingress port and physical ingress port are identical	except
       for  packets processed by a switch feature such as bonding or tunneling
       that makes a packet appear to arrive on a ``virtual''  port  associated
       with  the bond or the tunnel. For such packets, the ingress port	is the
       virtual port and	the physical ingress port is, naturally, the  physical
       port. Open vSwitch implements both bonding and tunneling, but its bond-
       ing implementation does not use virtual ports and its tunnels are typi-
       cally  not  on the same OpenFlow	switch as their	physical ingress ports
       (which need not be part of any switch), so the ingress port and	physi-
       cal ingress port	are always the same in Open vSwitch.

     OpenFlow 1.2

       OpenFlow	 1.2 abandoned the fixed-length	approach to matching. One rea-
       son was size, since adding support for IPv6 address matching (now  seen
       as  important),	with  bitwise  masks, would have added 64 bytes	to the
       match length, increasing	it from	88 bytes in OpenFlow 1.1 to  over  150
       bytes.  Extensibility  had  also	become important as controller writers
       increasingly wanted support for new fields  without  having  to	change
       messages	 throughout the	OpenFlow protocol. The challenges of carefully
       defining	fixed-length  matches  to  avoid  problems  with  inapplicable
       fields had also become clear over time.

       Therefore,  OpenFlow  1.2  adopted a flow format	using a	flexible type-
       length-value (TLV) representation, in which each	TLV expresses a	 match
       on one field. These TLVs	were in	turn encapsulated inside the outer TLV
       wrapper	introduced  in	OpenFlow 1.1 with the new identifier OFPMT_OXM
       (1). (This wrapper fulfilled  its  intended  purpose  of	 reducing  the
       amount  of churn	in the protocol	when changing match formats; some mes-
       sages that included matches remained unchanged from OpenFlow 1.1	to 1.2
       and later versions.)

       OpenFlow	1.2 added support for the following fields:

	      	     ARP hardware addresses (SHA and THA).

	      	     IPv4 ECN.

	      	     IPv6 source and destination addresses, flow label,	 DSCP,
		     ECN, and protocol.

	      	     TCP,  UDP,	and SCTP port numbers when encapsulated	inside
		     IPv6.

	      	     ICMPv6 type and code.

	      	     ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery target address and  source  and
		     target Ethernet addresses.

       The  OpenFlow  1.2  format, called OXM (OpenFlow	Extensible Match), was
       modeled closely on an extension to  OpenFlow  1.0  introduced  in  Open
       vSwitch 1.1 called NXM (Nicira Extended Match). Each OXM	or NXM TLV has
       the following format:

	       type
	<---------------->
	     16	       7   1	8      length bytes
       +------------+-----+--+------+ +------------+
       |vendor/class|field|HM|length| |	   body	   |
       +------------+-----+--+------+ +------------+

       The most	significant 16 bits of the NXM or OXM header, called vendor by
       NXM  and	 class	by OXM,	identify an organization permitted to allocate
       identifiers for fields. NXM allocates  only  two	 vendors,  0x0000  for
       fields  supported  by OpenFlow 1.0 and 0x0001 for fields	implemented as
       an Open vSwitch extension. OXM assigns classes as follows:

	      0x0000 (OFPXMC_NXM_0).
	      0x0001 (OFPXMC_NXM_1).
		   Reserved for	NXM compatibility.

	      0x0002 to	0x7fff
		   Reserved for	allocation to ONF members, but	none  yet  as-
		   signed.

	      0x8000 (OFPXMC_OPENFLOW_BASIC)
		   Used	for most standard OpenFlow fields.

	      0x8001 (OFPXMC_PACKET_REGS)
		   Used	for packet register fields in OpenFlow 1.5 and later.

	      0x8002 to	0xfffe
		   Reserved for	the OpenFlow specification.

	      0xffff (OFPXMC_EXPERIMENTER)
		   Experimental	use.

       When  class  is	0xffff,	the OXM	header is extended to 64 bits by using
       the first 32 bits of the	body as	an experimenter	field whose most  sig-
       nificant	byte is	zero and whose remaining bytes are an Organizationally
       Unique  Identifier  (OUI) assigned by the IEEE [IEEE OUI], as shown be-
       low.

	    type		 experimenter
	<---------->		 <---------->
	  16	 7   1	  8	   8	 24	(length	- 4) bytes
       +------+-----+--+------+	+------+-----+ +------------------+
       |class |field|HM|length|	| zero | OUI | |       body	  |
       +------+-----+--+------+	+------+-----+ +------------------+
	0xffff			  0x00

       OpenFlow	says that support for experimenter fields  is  optional.  Open
       vSwitch	2.4  and  later	 does support them, so that it can support the
       following experimenter classes:

	      0x4f4e4600 (ONFOXM_ET)
		     Used by official Open Networking Foundation extensions in
		     OpenFlow 1.3 and later. e.g. [TCP Flags Match  Field  Ex-
		     tension].

	      0x005ad650 (NXOXM_NSH)
		     Used  by  Open vSwitch for	NSH extensions,	in the absence
		     of	an official ONF-assigned class.	(This OUI is  randomly
		     generated.)

       Taken  as  a  unit,  class  (or	vendor), field,	and experimenter (when
       present)	uniquely identify a particular field.

       When hasmask (abbreviated HM above) is 0, the OXM is an exact match  on
       an  entire  field.  In  this case, the body (excluding the experimenter
       field, if present) is a single value to be matched.

       When hasmask is 1, the OXM is a bitwise match. The body (excluding  the
       experimenter  field) consists of	a value	to match, followed by the bit-
       wise mask to apply. A 1-bit in the mask indicates that the  correspond-
       ing  bit	 in  the value should be matched and a 0-bit that it should be
       ignored.	For example, for an IP address field, a	value  of  192.168.0.0
       followed	 by  a	mask  of  255.255.0.0  would  match  addresses	in the
       196.168.0.0/16 subnet.

	      	     Some fields might not support masking at  all,  and  some
		     fields  that do support masking might restrict it to cer-
		     tain patterns. For	example, fields	that have  IP  address
		     values  might  be	restricted to CIDR masks. The descrip-
		     tions of individual fields	note these restrictions.

	      	     An	OXM TLV	with a mask that is all	zeros  is  not	useful
		     (although	it  is	not  forbidden), because it is has the
		     same effect as omitting the TLV entirely.

	      	     It	is not meaningful to pair a 0-bit in an	OXM mask  with
		     a	1-bit  in  its value, and Open vSwitch rejects such an
		     OXM with the error	OFPBMC_BAD_WILDCARDS, as  required  by
		     OpenFlow 1.3 and later.

       The  length  identifies	the number of bytes in the body, including the
       4-byte experimenter header, if it is present. Each OXM TLV has a	 fixed
       length;	that  is,  given  class, field,	experimenter (if present), and
       hasmask,	length is a constant. The length is included explicitly	to al-
       low software to minimally parse OXM TLVs	of unknown types.

       OXM TLVs	must be	ordered	so that	a field's prerequisites	are  satisfied
       before  it  is parsed. For example, an OXM TLV that matches on the IPv4
       source address field is only allowed following an OXM TLV that  matches
       on  the	Ethertype  for IPv4. Similarly,	an OXM TLV that	matches	on the
       TCP source port must follow a TLV that matches an Ethertype of IPv4  or
       IPv6  and  one  that matches an IP protocol of TCP (in that order). The
       order of	OXM TLVs is not	otherwise restricted; no canonical ordering is
       defined.

       A given field may be matched only once in a series of OXM TLVs.

     OpenFlow 1.3

       OpenFlow	1.3 showed OXM to be largely successful, by adding new	fields
       without	making	any  changes  to how flow matches otherwise worked. It
       added OXMs for the following fields supported by	Open vSwitch:

	      	     Tunnel ID for ports associated with e.g. VXLAN  or	 keyed
		     GRE.

	      	     MPLS ``bottom of stack'' (BOS) bit.

       OpenFlow	 1.3  also  added OXMs for the following fields	not documented
       here and	not yet	implemented by Open vSwitch:

	      	     IPv6 extension header handling.

	      	     PBB I-SID.

     OpenFlow 1.4

       OpenFlow	1.4 added OXMs for the following fields	 not  documented  here
       and not yet implemented by Open vSwitch:

	      	     PBB UCA.

     OpenFlow 1.5

       OpenFlow	 1.5  added  OXMs  for	the following fields supported by Open
       vSwitch:

	      	     Packet type.

	      	     TCP flags.

	      	     Packet registers.

	      	     The output	port in	the OpenFlow action set.

FIELDS REFERENCE
       The following sections document the fields that Open vSwitch  supports.
       Each  section  provides	introductory  material	on  a group of related
       fields, followed	by information on each individual field.  In  addition
       to  field-specific information, each field begins with a	table with en-
       tries for the following important properties:

	      Name   The field's name, used for	 parsing  and  formatting  the
		     field,  e.g.  in  ovs-ofctl commands. For historical rea-
		     sons, some	fields have an additional  name	 that  is  ac-
		     cepted  as	 an  alternative  in  parsing. This name, when
		     there is one, is listed as	well,  e.g.  ``tun  (aka  tun-
		     nel_id).''

	      Width  The  field's  width,  always  a  multiple of 8 bits. Some
		     fields don't use all of the bits, so this may be accompa-
		     nied by an	explanation. For example, OpenFlow embeds  the
		     2-bit  IP	ECN field as as	the low	bits in	an 8-bit byte,
		     and so its	width is  expressed  as	 ``8  bits  (only  the
		     least-significant 2 bits may be nonzero).''

	      Format How  a  value  for	 the  field is formatted or parsed by,
		     e.g., ovs-ofctl. Some possibilities are generic:

		     decimal
			    Formats as a decimal  number.  On  input,  accepts
			    decimal numbers or hexadecimal numbers prefixed by
			    0x.

		     hexadecimal
			    Formats as a hexadecimal number prefixed by	0x. On
			    input, accepts decimal numbers or hexadecimal num-
			    bers  prefixed  by 0x. (The	default	for parsing is
			    not	hexadecimal: only a 0x prefix causes input  to
			    be treated as hexadecimal.)

		     Ethernet
			    Formats  and  accepts  the common Ethernet address
			    format xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx.

		     IPv4   Formats  and  accepts   the	  dotted-quad	format
			    a.b.c.d.  For bitwise matches, formats and accepts
			    address/length CIDR	notation in  addition  to  ad-
			    dress/mask.

		     IPv6   Formats  and  accepts the common IPv6 address for-
			    mats, plus CIDR notation for bitwise matches.

		     OpenFlow 1.0 port
			    Accepts 16-bit port	numbers	in decimal, plus Open-
			    Flow well-known port names (e.g. IN_PORT)  in  up-
			    percase or lowercase.

		     OpenFlow 1.1+ port
			    Same  syntax  as OpenFlow 1.0 ports	but for	32-bit
			    OpenFlow 1.1+ port number fields.

		     Other, field-specific formats are	explained  along  with
		     their fields.

	      Masking
		     For  most	fields,	this says ``arbitrary bitwise masks,''
		     meaning that a flow may match any combination of bits  in
		     the  field. Some fields instead say ``exact match only,''
		     which means that a	flow that matches on this  field  must
		     match  on	the  whole field instead of just certain bits.
		     Either way, this reports masking support for  the	latest
		     version of	Open vSwitch using OXM or NXM (that is,	either
		     OpenFlow  1.2+  or	OpenFlow 1.0 plus Open vSwitch NXM ex-
		     tensions).	In particular, OpenFlow	1.0 (without NXM)  and
		     1.1 don't always support masking even if Open vSwitch it-
		     self  does;  refer	 to  the OpenFlow 1.0 and OpenFlow 1.1
		     rows to learn about masking with these protocol versions.

	      Prerequisites
		     Requirements that must be met to match on this field. For
		     example, ip_src has IPv4 as a prerequisite, meaning  that
		     a match must include eth_type=0x0800 to match on the IPv4
		     source  address.  The following prerequisites, with their
		     requirements, are currently in use:

		     none   (no	requirements)

		     VLAN VID
			    vlan_tci=0x1000/0x1000  (i.e.  a  VLAN  header  is
			    present)

		     ARP    eth_type=0x0806 (ARP) or eth_type=0x8035 (RARP)

		     IPv4   eth_type=0x0800

		     IPv6   eth_type=0x86dd

		     IPv4/IPv6
			    IPv4 or IPv6

		     MPLS   eth_type=0x8847 or eth_type=0x8848

		     TCP    IPv4/IPv6 and ip_proto=6

		     UDP    IPv4/IPv6 and ip_proto=17

		     SCTP   IPv4/IPv6 and ip_proto=132

		     ICMPv4 IPv4 and ip_proto=1

		     ICMPv6 IPv6 and ip_proto=58

		     ND	solicit
			    ICMPv6 and icmp_type=135 and icmp_code=0

		     ND	advert
			    ICMPv6 and icmp_type=136 and icmp_code=0

		     ND	    ND solicit or ND advert

		     The  TCP,	UDP, and SCTP prerequisites also have the spe-
		     cial requirement that nw_frag is not being	used to	select
		     ``later fragments.'' This is because only the first frag-
		     ment of a fragmented IPv4 or IPv6 datagram	 contains  the
		     TCP or UDP	header.

	      Access Most  fields  are ``read/write,'' which means that	common
		     OpenFlow actions like set_field can modify	 them.	Fields
		     that  are	``read-only'' cannot be	modified in these gen-
		     eral-purpose ways,	although there may be other ways  that
		     actions can modify	them.

	      OpenFlow 1.0
	      OpenFlow 1.1
		   These rows report the level of support that OpenFlow	1.0 or
		   OpenFlow  1.1,  respectively, has for a field. For OpenFlow
		   1.0,	supported fields are reported as either	 ``yes	(exact
		   match  only)''  for	fields that do not support any bitwise
		   masking or ``yes (CIDR match	only)''	for fields  that  sup-
		   port	CIDR masking. OpenFlow 1.1 supported fields report ei-
		   ther	 ``yes	(exact	match  only)''	or  simply ``yes'' for
		   fields that do support arbitrary masks. These OpenFlow ver-
		   sions supported a fixed collection of fields	that cannot be
		   extended, so	many more fields are reported  as  ``not  sup-
		   ported.''

	      OXM
	      NXM  These  rows	report the OXM and NXM code points that	corre-
		   spond to a given field. Either or both may be ``none.''

		   A field that	has only an OXM	code point is usually one that
		   was standardized before it was added	 to  Open  vSwitch.  A
		   field  that	has only an NXM	code point is usually one that
		   is not yet standardized. When a field has both OXM and  NXM
		   code	points,	it usually indicates that it was introduced as
		   an  Open  vSwitch  extension	under the NXM code point, then
		   later standardized under the	OXM code point.	 A  field  can
		   have	more than one OXM code point if	it was standardized in
		   OpenFlow 1.4	or later and additionally introduced as	an of-
		   ficial  ONF	extension  for OpenFlow	1.3. (A	field that has
		   neither OXM nor NXM code point  is  typically  an  obsolete
		   field  that	is  supported  in some other form using	OXM or
		   NXM.)

		   Each	code point in these rows  is  described	 in  the  form
		   ``NAME  (number)  since OpenFlow spec and Open vSwitch ver-
		   sion,'' e.g.	``OXM_OF_ETH_TYPE (5) since OpenFlow  1.2  and
		   Open	vSwitch	1.7.'' First, NAME, which specifies a name for
		   the	code  point,  starts  with  a prefix that designates a
		   class and, in some cases, a vendor, as listed in  the  fol-
		   lowing table:

		   Prefix	    Vendor	 Class
		   ---------------  -----------	 -------
		   NXM_OF	    (none)	 0x0000
		   NXM_NX	    (none)	 0x0001
		   ERICOXM_OF	    (none)	 0x1000
		   OXM_OF	    (none)	 0x8000
		   OXM_OF_PKT_REG   (none)	 0x8001
		   NXOXM_ET	    0x00002320	 0xffff
		   NXOXM_NSH	    0x005ad650	 0xffff
		   ONFOXM_ET	    0x4f4e4600	 0xffff

		   For	more information on OXM/NXM classes and	vendors, refer
		   back	to OpenFlow 1.2	under Evolution	 of  OpenFlow  Fields.
		   The number is the field number within the class and vendor.
		   The OpenFlow	spec is	the version of OpenFlow	that standard-
		   ized	 the code point. It is omitted for NXM code points be-
		   cause they are nonstandard. The version is the  version  of
		   Open	vSwitch	that first supported the code point.
CONJUNCTIVE MATCH FIELDS
   Summary:
       Name	 Bytes	 Mask	RW?   Prereqs	NXM/OXM	Support
       --------	 ------	 -----	----  --------	----------------
       conj_id	 4	 no	no    none	OVS 2.4+

       An  individual  OpenFlow	 flow  can  match only a single	value for each
       field. However, situations often	arise where one	wants to match one  of
       a  set  of values within	a field	or fields. For matching	a single field
       against a set, it is straightforward  and  efficient  to	 add  multiple
       flows  to  the  flow table, one for each	value in the set. For example,
       one might use the following flows to send packets with  IP  source  ad-
       dress a,	b, c, or d to the OpenFlow controller:

	     ip,ip_src=a actions=controller
	     ip,ip_src=b actions=controller
	     ip,ip_src=c actions=controller
	     ip,ip_src=d actions=controller

       Similarly,  these  flows	send packets with IP destination address e, f,
       g, or h to the OpenFlow controller:

	     ip,ip_dst=e actions=controller
	     ip,ip_dst=f actions=controller
	     ip,ip_dst=g actions=controller
	     ip,ip_dst=h actions=controller

       Installing all of the above flows in a single flow table	yields a  dis-
       junctive	 effect:  a  packet  is	 sent  to  the	controller  if	ip_src
       <element	of> {a,b,c,d} or  ip_dst  <element of>	{e,f,g,h}  (or	both).
       (Pedantically,  if  both	 of the	above sets of flows are	present	in the
       flow table, they	should have  different	priorities,  because  OpenFlow
       says  that  the results are undefined when two flows with same priority
       can both	match a	single packet.)

       Suppose,	on the other hand, one wishes to match conjunctively, that is,
       to send a packet	to the controller only	if  both  ip_src  <element of>
       {a,b,c,d}  and  ip_dst <element of> {e,f,g,h}. This requires 4 x	4 = 16
       flows, one for each possible pairing of ip_src and ip_dst. That is  ac-
       ceptable	 for  our  small example, but it does not gracefully extend to
       larger sets or greater numbers of dimensions.

       The conjunction action is a solution for	conjunctive  matches  that  is
       built into Open vSwitch.	A conjunction action ties groups of individual
       OpenFlow	flows into higher-level	``conjunctive flows''. Each group cor-
       responds	 to  one dimension, and	each flow within the group matches one
       possible	value for the dimension. A packet that matches one  flow  from
       each group matches the conjunctive flow.

       To  implement  a	conjunctive flow with conjunction, assign the conjunc-
       tive flow a 32-bit id, which must be unique within an  OpenFlow	table.
       Assign  each  of	the n >= 2 dimensions a	unique number from 1 to	n; the
       ordering	is unimportant.	Add one	flow to	the OpenFlow  flow  table  for
       each  possible value of each dimension with conjunction(id, k/n)	as the
       flow's actions, where k is the number assigned to the flow's dimension.
       Together, these flows specify the conjunctive flow's  match  condition.
       When  the conjunctive match condition is	met, Open vSwitch looks	up one
       more flow that specifies	the conjunctive	flow's	actions	 and  receives
       its  statistics.	This flow is found by setting conj_id to the specified
       id and then again searching the flow table.

       The following flows provide an example. Whenever	the IP source  is  one
       of  the values in the flows that	match on the IP	source (dimension 1 of
       2), and the IP destination is one of the	values in the flows that match
       on IP destination (dimension 2 of 2), Open vSwitch searches for a  flow
       that  matches  conj_id  against	the conjunction	ID (1234), finding the
       first flow listed below.

	     conj_id=1234 actions=controller
	     ip,ip_src=10.0.0.1	actions=conjunction(1234, 1/2)
	     ip,ip_src=10.0.0.4	actions=conjunction(1234, 1/2)
	     ip,ip_src=10.0.0.6	actions=conjunction(1234, 1/2)
	     ip,ip_src=10.0.0.7	actions=conjunction(1234, 1/2)
	     ip,ip_dst=10.0.0.2	actions=conjunction(1234, 2/2)
	     ip,ip_dst=10.0.0.5	actions=conjunction(1234, 2/2)
	     ip,ip_dst=10.0.0.7	actions=conjunction(1234, 2/2)
	     ip,ip_dst=10.0.0.8	actions=conjunction(1234, 2/2)

       Many subtleties exist:

	      	     In	the example above, every flow in  a  single  dimension
		     has the same form,	that is, dimension 1 matches on	ip_src
		     and dimension 2 on	ip_dst,	but this is not	a requirement.
		     Different flows within a dimension	may match on different
		     bits  within a field (e.g.	IP network prefixes of differ-
		     ent lengths, or TCP/UDP port ranges as bitwise  matches),
		     or	even on	entirely different fields (e.g.	to match pack-
		     ets for TCP source	port 80	or TCP destination port	80).

	      	     The  flows	 within	 a  dimension  can  vary their matches
		     across more than one field, e.g. to match	only  specific
		     pairs  of	IP source and destination addresses or L4 port
		     numbers.

	      	     A flow may	have multiple conjunction actions,  with  dif-
		     ferent id values. This is useful for multiple conjunctive
		     flows  with  overlapping  sets.  If  one conjunctive flow
		     matches packets with both ip_src <element of>  {a,b}  and
		     ip_dst  <element of>  {d,e} and a second conjunctive flow
		     matches ip_src <element of> {b,c} and ip_dst <element of>
		     {f,g}, for	example, then the flow that  matches  ip_src=b
		     would have	two conjunction	actions, one for each conjunc-
		     tive flow.	The order of conjunction actions within	a list
		     of	actions	is not significant.

	      	     A flow with conjunction actions may also include note ac-
		     tions for annotations, but	not any	other kind of actions.
		     (They would not be	useful because they would never	be ex-
		     ecuted.)

	      	     All  of the flows that constitute a conjunctive flow with
		     a given id	must have the same priority. (Flows  with  the
		     same id but different priorities are currently treated as
		     different conjunctive flows, that is, currently id	values
		     need  only	 be unique within an OpenFlow table at a given
		     priority. This behavior isn't guaranteed to stay the same
		     in	later releases,	so please use id values	unique	within
		     an	OpenFlow table.)

	      	     Conjunctive  flows	must not overlap with each other, at a
		     given priority, that is, any given	packet must be able to
		     match at most one conjunctive flow	at a  given  priority.
		     Overlapping  conjunctive  flows  yield  unpredictable re-
		     sults. (The flows that constitute a conjunctive flow  may
		     overlap  with  those  that	constitute the same or another
		     conjunctive flow.)

	      	     Following a conjunctive flow match, the  search  for  the
		     flow  with	conj_id=id is done in the same general-purpose
		     way as other flow table searches, so one  can  use	 flows
		     with  conj_id=id  to act differently depending on circum-
		     stances. (One  exception  is  that	 the  search  for  the
		     conj_id=id	 flow  itself  ignores	conjunctive  flows, to
		     avoid recursion.) If the search  with  conj_id=id	fails,
		     Open  vSwitch  acts  as  if  the conjunctive flow had not
		     matched at	all, and continues searching  the  flow	 table
		     for other matching	flows.

	      	     OpenFlow  prerequisite  checking occurs for the flow with
		     conj_id=id	in the same way	as any other flow, e.g.	in  an
		     OpenFlow  1.1+  context, putting a	mod_nw_src action into
		     the example above would require adding an ip match,  like
		     this:

			       conj_id=1234,ip actions=mod_nw_src:1.2.3.4,controller

	      	     OpenFlow  prerequisite checking also occurs for the indi-
		     vidual flows that comprise	a  conjunctive	match  in  the
		     same way as any other flow.

	      	     The  flows	that constitute	a conjunctive flow do not have
		     useful statistics.	They are never updated	with  byte  or
		     packet  counts,  and  so on. (For such a flow, therefore,
		     the idle and hard timeouts	work much the same way.)

	      	     Sometimes there is	a choice of which flows	include	a par-
		     ticular match. For	example, suppose that we added an  ex-
		     tra  constraint  to  our  example,	 to  match  on	ip_src
		     <element of> {a,b,c,d} and	ip_dst <element	of>  {e,f,g,h}
		     and  tcp_dst = i. One way to implement this is to add the
		     new constraint to the conj_id flow, like this:

			       conj_id=1234,tcp,tcp_dst=i actions=mod_nw_src:1.2.3.4,controller

		     but this is not recommended because of the	 cost  of  the
		     extra  flow  table	lookup.	Instead, add the constraint to
		     the individual flows, either in one of the	dimensions  or
		     (slightly better) all of them.

	      	     A	conjunctive  match must	have n >= 2 dimensions (other-
		     wise a conjunctive	match is not necessary). Open  vSwitch
		     enforces this.

	      	     Each dimension within a conjunctive match should ordinar-
		     ily  have	more  than one flow. Open vSwitch does not en-
		     force this.

       Conjunction ID Field
       Name:		conj_id
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_CONJ_ID (37) since Open vSwitch 2.4

       Used for	conjunctive matching. See above	for more information.

TUNNEL FIELDS
   Summary:
       Name		      Bytes		Mask   RW?   Prereqs   NXM/OXM Support
       ---------------------  ----------------	-----  ----  --------  ---------------------
       tun_id aka tunnel_id   8			yes    yes   none      OF 1.3+ and OVS 1.1+
       tun_src		      4			yes    yes   none      OVS 2.0+
       tun_dst		      4			yes    yes   none      OVS 2.0+
       tun_ipv6_src	      16		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_ipv6_dst	      16		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_gbp_id	      2			yes    yes   none      OVS 2.4+
       tun_gbp_flags	      1			yes    yes   none      OVS 2.4+
       tun_erspan_ver	      1	(low 4 bits)	yes    yes   none      OVS 2.10+
       tun_erspan_idx	      4	(low 20	bits)	yes    yes   none      OVS 2.10+
       tun_erspan_dir	      1	(low 1 bits)	yes    yes   none      OVS 2.10+
       tun_erspan_hwid	      1	(low 6 bits)	yes    yes   none      OVS 2.10+
       tun_gtpu_flags	      1			yes    no    none      OVS 2.13+
       tun_gtpu_msgtype	      1			yes    no    none      OVS 2.13+
       tun_metadata0	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata1	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata2	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata3	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata4	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata5	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata6	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata7	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata8	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata9	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata10	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata11	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata12	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata13	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata14	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata15	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata16	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata17	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata18	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata19	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata20	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata21	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata22	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata23	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata24	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata25	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata26	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata27	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata28	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata29	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata30	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata31	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata32	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata33	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata34	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata35	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata36	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata37	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata38	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata39	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata40	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata41	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata42	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata43	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata44	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata45	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata46	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata47	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata48	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata49	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata50	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata51	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata52	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata53	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata54	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata55	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata56	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata57	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata58	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata59	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata60	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata61	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata62	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_metadata63	      124		yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+
       tun_flags	      2	(low 1 bits)	yes    yes   none      OVS 2.5+

       The fields in this group	relate to tunnels, which Open vSwitch supports
       in several forms	(GRE, VXLAN, and so on). Most of these fields  do  ap-
       pear  in	the wire format	of a packet, so	they are data fields from that
       point of	view, but they are metadata from an OpenFlow flow table	 point
       of view because they do not appear in packets that are forwarded	to the
       controller or to	ordinary (non-tunnel) output ports.

       Open vSwitch supports a spectrum	of usage models	for mapping tunnels to
       OpenFlow	ports:

	      ``Port-based'' tunnels
		     In	this model, an OpenFlow	port represents	one tunnel: it
		     matches  a	 particular type of tunnel traffic between two
		     IP	endpoints, with	a particular tunnel key	(if  keys  are
		     in	 use).	In this	situation, in_port suffices to distin-
		     guish one tunnel  from  another,  so  the	tunnel	header
		     fields  have  little  importance for OpenFlow processing.
		     (They are still populated and may be used if it is	conve-
		     nient.) The tunnel	header fields play no role in  sending
		     packets  out  such	 an OpenFlow port, either, because the
		     OpenFlow port itself fully	specifies the tunnel headers.

		     The following  Open  vSwitch  commands  create  a	bridge
		     br-int,  add  port	tap0 to	the bridge as OpenFlow port 1,
		     establish a port-based GRE	tunnel between the local  host
		     and  remote IP 192.168.1.1	using GRE key 5001 as OpenFlow
		     port 2, and arranges to forward all traffic from tap0  to
		     the tunnel	and vice versa:

		     ovs-vsctl add-br br-int
		     ovs-vsctl add-port	br-int tap0 -- set interface tap0 ofport_request=1
		     ovs-vsctl add-port	br-int gre0 -- \
			 set interface gre0 ofport_request=2 type=gre \
					    options:remote_ip=192.168.1.1 options:key=5001
		     ovs-ofctl add-flow	br-int in_port=1,actions=2
		     ovs-ofctl add-flow	br-int in_port=2,actions=1

	      ``Flow-based'' tunnels
		     In	 this model, one OpenFlow port represents all possible
		     tunnels of	a given	type with an endpoint on  the  current
		     host,  for	 example,  all GRE tunnels. In this situation,
		     in_port only indicates that traffic was received  on  the
		     particular	 kind  of  tunnel.  This  is  where the	tunnel
		     header fields are most important: they allow the OpenFlow
		     tables to discriminate among tunnels based	 on  their  IP
		     endpoints	or  keys.  Tunnel header fields	also determine
		     the IP endpoints and keys of packets sent out such	a tun-
		     nel port.

		     The following  Open  vSwitch  commands  create  a	bridge
		     br-int,  add  port	tap0 to	the bridge as OpenFlow port 1,
		     establish a flow-based GRE	tunnel port 3, and arranges to
		     forward all traffic from tap0 to  remote  IP  192.168.1.1
		     over a GRE	tunnel with key	5001 and vice versa:

		     ovs-vsctl add-br br-int
		     ovs-vsctl add-port	br-int tap0 -- set interface tap0 ofport_request=1
		     ovs-vsctl add-port	br-int allgre -- \
			 set interface allgre ofport_request=3 type=gre	\
					      options:remote_ip=flow options:key=flow
		     ovs-ofctl add-flow	br-int \
			 'in_port=1 actions=set_tunnel:5001,set_field:192.168.1.1->tun_dst,3'
		     ovs-ofctl add-flow	br-int 'in_port=3,tun_src=192.168.1.1,tun_id=5001 actions=1'

	      Mixed models.
		     One  may define both flow-based and port-based tunnels at
		     the same time. For	example, it is valid and possibly use-
		     ful to create and configure both gre0 and	allgre	tunnel
		     ports described above.

		     Traffic  is  attributed  on  ingress to the most specific
		     matching tunnel. For example, gre0	is more	specific  than
		     allgre.  Therefore,  if both exist, then gre0 will	be the
		     ingress  port  for	 any   GRE   traffic   received	  from
		     192.168.1.1 with key 5001.

		     On	 egress,  traffic  may	be directed to any appropriate
		     tunnel port. If both gre0 and allgre  are	configured  as
		     already  described,  then	the  actions  2	 and  set_tun-
		     nel:5001,set_field:192.168.1.1->tun_dst,3 send  the  same
		     tunnel traffic.

	      Intermediate models.
		     Ports  may	be configured as partially flow-based. For ex-
		     ample, one	may define an OpenFlow	port  that  represents
		     tunnels  between  a pair of endpoints but leaves the flow
		     table to discriminate on the flow key.

       ovs-vswitchd.conf.db(5) describes all the details of tunnel  configura-
       tion.

       These fields do not have	any prerequisites, which means that a flow may
       match on	any or all of them, in any combination.

       These fields are	zeros for packets that did not arrive on a tunnel.

       Tunnel ID Field
       Name:		tun_id (aka tunnel_id)
       Width:		64 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		OXM_OF_TUNNEL_ID  (38)	since  OpenFlow	 1.3  and Open
			vSwitch	1.10
       NXM:		NXM_NX_TUN_ID (16) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       Many kinds of tunnels support a tunnel ID:

	      	     VXLAN and Geneve have a 24-bit virtual network identifier
		     (VNI).

	      	     LISP has a	24-bit instance	ID.

	      	     GRE has an	optional 32-bit	key.

	      	     STT has a 64-bit key.

	      	     ERSPAN has	a 10-bit key (Session ID).

	      	     GTPU has a	32-bit key (Tunnel Endpoint ID).

       When a packet is	received from a	tunnel,	this field holds the tunnel ID
       in its least significant	bits, zero-extended to fit. This field is zero
       if the tunnel does not support an ID, or	if no ID is in use for a  tun-
       nel  type  that has an optional ID, or if an ID of zero received, or if
       the packet was not received over	a tunnel.

       When a packet is	output to a tunnel port, the tunnel configuration  de-
       termines	 whether  the tunnel ID	is taken from this field or bound to a
       fixed value. See	the earlier description	of ``port-based'' and  ``flow-
       based'' tunnels for more	information.

       The following diagram shows the origin of this field in a typical keyed
       GRE tunnel:

	  Ethernet	      IPv4		 GRE	       Ethernet
	<----------->	<--------------->   <------------>   <---------->
	48  48	 16	      8	  32  32    16	  16   32    48	 48   16
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+ +---+------+---+ +---+---+----+
       |dst|src|type | |...|proto|src|dst| |...| type |key| |dst|src|type| ...
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+ +---+------+---+ +---+---+----+
		0x800	     47			0x6558

       Tunnel IPv4 Source Field
       Name:		tun_src
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		IPv4
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_TUN_IPV4_SRC (31) since Open vSwitch 2.0

       When  a	packet is received from	a tunnel, this field is	the source ad-
       dress in	the outer IP header of the tunneled packet. This field is zero
       if the packet was not received over a tunnel.

       When a packet is	output to a flow-based tunnel port, this field	influ-
       ences  the  IPv4	source address used to send the	packet.	If it is zero,
       then the	kernel chooses an appropriate IP address based using the rout-
       ing table.

       The following diagram shows the origin of this field in a typical keyed
       GRE tunnel:

	  Ethernet	      IPv4		 GRE	       Ethernet
	<----------->	<--------------->   <------------>   <---------->
	48  48	 16	      8	  32  32    16	  16   32    48	 48   16
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+ +---+------+---+ +---+---+----+
       |dst|src|type | |...|proto|src|dst| |...| type |key| |dst|src|type| ...
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+ +---+------+---+ +---+---+----+
		0x800	     47			0x6558

       Tunnel IPv4 Destination Field
       Name:		tun_dst
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		IPv4
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_TUN_IPV4_DST (32) since Open vSwitch 2.0

       When a packet is	received from a	tunnel,	this field is the  destination
       address	in  the	 outer IP header of the	tunneled packet. This field is
       zero if the packet was not received over	a tunnel.

       When a packet is	output to a flow-based tunnel port, this field	speci-
       fies the	destination to which the tunnel	packet is sent.

       The following diagram shows the origin of this field in a typical keyed
       GRE tunnel:

	  Ethernet	      IPv4		 GRE	       Ethernet
	<----------->	<--------------->   <------------>   <---------->
	48  48	 16	      8	  32  32    16	  16   32    48	 48   16
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+ +---+------+---+ +---+---+----+
       |dst|src|type | |...|proto|src|dst| |...| type |key| |dst|src|type| ...
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+ +---+------+---+ +---+---+----+
		0x800	     47			0x6558

       Tunnel IPv6 Source Field
       Name:		tun_ipv6_src
       Width:		128 bits
       Format:		IPv6
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_TUN_IPV6_SRC (109) since	Open vSwitch 2.5

       Similar to tun_src, but for tunnels over	IPv6.

       Tunnel IPv6 Destination Field
       Name:		tun_ipv6_dst
       Width:		128 bits
       Format:		IPv6
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_TUN_IPV6_DST (110) since	Open vSwitch 2.5

       Similar to tun_dst, but for tunnels over	IPv6.

   VXLAN Group-Based Policy Fields
       The VXLAN header	is defined as follows [RFC 7348], where	the I bit must
       be set to 1, unlabeled bits or those labeled reserved must be set to 0,
       and Open	vSwitch	makes the VNI available	via tun_id:

	  VXLAN	flags
	<------------->
	1 1 1 1	1 1 1 1	   24	 24	8
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+--------+---+--------+
       | | | | |I| | | |reserved|VNI|reserved|
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+--------+---+--------+

       VXLAN Group-Based Policy	[VXLAN Group Policy Option] adds new interpre-
       tations to existing bits	in the VXLAN header, reinterpreting it as fol-
       lows, with changes highlighted:

	   GBP flags
	<------------->
	1 1 1 1	1 1 1 1	      24	24     8
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+---------------+---+--------+
       | |D| | |A| | | |group policy ID|VNI|reserved|
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+---------------+---+--------+

       Open vSwitch makes GBP fields and flags available through the following
       fields.	Only  packets that arrive over a VXLAN tunnel with the GBP ex-
       tension enabled have these fields set. In other packets they  are  zero
       on receive and ignored on transmit.

       VXLAN Group-Based Policy	ID Field
       Name:		tun_gbp_id
       Width:		16 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_TUN_GBP_ID (38) since Open vSwitch 2.4

       For  a packet tunneled over VXLAN with the Group-Based Policy (GBP) ex-
       tension,	this field represents the GBP policy ID, as shown above.

       VXLAN Group-Based Policy	Flags Field
       Name:		tun_gbp_flags
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_TUN_GBP_FLAGS (39) since	Open vSwitch 2.4

       For a packet tunneled over VXLAN	with the Group-Based Policy (GBP)  ex-
       tension,	this field represents the GBP policy flags, as shown above.

       The field has the format	shown below:

	   GBP Flags
	<------------->
	1 1 1 1	1 1 1 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       | |D| | |A| | | |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Unlabeled bits are reserved and must be transmitted as 0. The VXLAN GBP
       draft defines the other bits' meanings as:

	      D	(Don't Learn)
		     When  set,	this bit indicates that	the egress tunnel end-
		     point must	not learn the source address of	 the  encapsu-
		     lated frame.

	      A	(Applied)
		     When  set,	 indicates  that  the group policy has already
		     been applied to this packet. Devices must not apply poli-
		     cies when the A bit is set.

   ERSPAN Metadata Fields
       These fields provide access to features in the ERSPAN tunneling	proto-
       col [ERSPAN], which has two major versions: version 1 (aka type II) and
       version 2 (aka type III).

       Regardless of version, ERSPAN is	encapsulated within a fixed 8-byte GRE
       header  that consists of	a 4-byte GRE base header and a 4-byte sequence
       number. The ERSPAN version 1 header format is:

	     GRE		ERSPAN v1	     Ethernet
	<------------>	 <--------------------->   <---------->
	16    16   32	  4  18	   10	 12  20	   48  48   16
       +---+------+---+	+---+---+-------+---+---+ +---+---+----+
       |...| type |seq|	|ver|...|session|...|idx| |dst|src|type| ...
       +---+------+---+	+---+---+-------+---+---+ +---+---+----+
	    0x88be	  1	 tun_id

       The ERSPAN version 2 header format is:

	     GRE			 ERSPAN	v2			Ethernet
	<------------>	 <---------------------------------------->   <---------->
	16    16   32	  4  18	   10	    32	   22	6    1	 3    48  48   16
       +---+------+---+	+---+---+-------+---------+---+----+---+---+ +---+---+----+
       |...| type |seq|	|ver|...|session|timestamp|...|hwid|dir|...| |dst|src|type| ...
       +---+------+---+	+---+---+-------+---------+---+----+---+---+ +---+---+----+
	    0x22eb	  2	 tun_id			    0/1

       ERSPAN Version Field
       Name:		tun_erspan_ver
       Width:		8 bits (only the least-significant 4 bits may be nonzero)
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_ET_ERSPAN_VER (12) since Open vSwitch 2.10

       ERSPAN version number: 1	for version 1, or 2 for	version	2.

       ERSPAN Index Field
       Name:		tun_erspan_idx
       Width:		32 bits	(only the least-significant 20 bits may	be nonzero)
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_ET_ERSPAN_IDX (11) since Open vSwitch 2.10

       This field is a 20-bit index/port number	 associated  with  the	ERSPAN
       traffic's  source  port	and  direction (ingress/egress). This field is
       platform	dependent.

       ERSPAN Direction	Field
       Name:		tun_erspan_dir
       Width:		8 bits (only the least-significant 1 bits may be nonzero)
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_ET_ERSPAN_DIR (13) since Open vSwitch 2.10

       For ERSPAN v2, the mirrored traffic's direction:	0 for ingress traffic,
       1 for egress traffic.

       ERSPAN Hardware ID Field
       Name:		tun_erspan_hwid
       Width:		8 bits (only the least-significant 6 bits may be nonzero)
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_ET_ERSPAN_HWID (14) since	Open vSwitch 2.10

       A 6-bit unique identifier of an ERSPAN v2 engine	within a system.

   GTP-U Metadata Fields
       These fields provide access to set-up GPRS Tunnelling Protocol for User
       Plane (GTPv1-U),	based on 3GPP TS 29.281. A GTP-U header	has  the  fol-
       lowing format:

	  8	 8	 16    32
       +-----+--------+------+----+
       |flags|msg type|length|TEID| ...
       +-----+--------+------+----+

       The  flags and message type have	the Open vSwitch GTP-U specific	fields
       described below.	Open vSwitch makes the TEID (Tunnel  Endpoint  Identi-
       fier), which identifies a tunnel	endpoint in the	receiving GTP-U	proto-
       col entity, available via tun_id.

       GTP-U Flags Field
       Name:		tun_gtpu_flags
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_ET_GTPU_FLAGS (15) since Open vSwitch 2.13

       This field holds	the 8-bit GTP-U	flags, encoded as:

	 GTP-U Tunnel Flags
	<------------------->
	   3	1   1  1 1 1
       +-------+--+---+-+-+--+
       |version|PT|rsv|E|S|PN|
       +-------+--+---+-+-+--+
	   1	    0

       The flags are:

	      version
		     Used  to  determine  the  version	of the GTP-U protocol,
		     which should be set to 1.

	      PT     Protocol type, used as a protocol	discriminator  between
		     GTP (1) and GTP' (0).

	      rsv    Reserved. Must be zero.

	      E	     If	1, indicates the presence of a meaningful value	of the
		     Next Extension Header field.

	      S	     If	1, indicates the presence of a meaningful value	of the
		     Sequence Number field.

	      PN     If	1, indicates the presence of a meaningful value	of the
		     N-PDU Number field.

       GTP-U Message Type Field
       Name:		tun_gtpu_msgtype
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_ET_GTPU_MSGTYPE (16) since Open vSwitch 2.13

       This  field  indicates  whether it's a signalling message used for path
       management, or a	user plane message which carries the original  packet.
       The  complete  range  of	 message  types	 can  be  referred to [3GPP TS
       29.281].

   Geneve Fields
       These fields provide access to additional features in the  Geneve  tun-
       neling  protocol	[Geneve]. Their	names are somewhat generic in the hope
       that the	same fields could be reused for	other protocols	in the future;
       for example, the	NSH protocol [NSH] supports TLV	options	whose form  is
       identical to that for Geneve options.

       Generic Tunnel Option 0 Field
       Name:		tun_metadata0
       Width:		992 bits (124 bytes)
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_TUN_METADATA0 (40) since	Open vSwitch 2.5

       The  above information specifically covers generic tunnel option	0, but
       Open vSwitch supports 64	options, numbered  0  through  63,  whose  NXM
       field numbers are 40 through 103.

       These  fields  provide OpenFlow access to the generic type-length-value
       options defined by the Geneve tunneling	protocol  or  other  protocols
       with  options  in  the same TLV format as Geneve	options. Each of these
       options has the following wire format:

	       header		      body
	<-------------------> <------------------>
	 16    8    3	 5    4x(length	- 1) bytes
       +-----+----+---+------+--------------------+
       |class|type|res|length|	     value	  |
       +-----+----+---+------+--------------------+
		    0

       Taken together, the class and type in the option	format mean that there
       are about 16 million distinct kinds of TLV options, too	many  to  give
       individual OXM code points. Thus, Open vSwitch requires the user	to de-
       fine  the  TLV  options of interest, by binding up to 64	TLV options to
       generic tunnel option NXM code points. Each option may have up  to  124
       bytes in	its body, the maximum allowed by the TLV format, but bound op-
       tions may total at most 252 bytes of body.

       Open  vSwitch  extensions  to the OpenFlow protocol bind	TLV options to
       NXM code	points.	The ovs-ofctl(8) program offers	one way	to  use	 these
       extensions,  e.g.  to  configure	a mapping from a TLV option with class
       0xffff, type 0, and a body length of 4 bytes:

       ovs-ofctl add-tlv-map br0 "{class=0xffff,type=0,len=4}->tun_metadata0"

       Once a TLV option is properly bound, it can be  accessed	 and  modified
       like any	other field, e.g. to send packets that have value 1234 for the
       option described	above to the controller:

       ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 tun_metadata0=1234,actions=controller

       An option not received or not bound is matched as all zeros.

       Tunnel Flags Field
       Name:		tun_flags
       Width:		16 bits	(only the least-significant 1 bits may be nonzero)
       Format:		tunnel flags
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_TUN_FLAGS (104) since Open vSwitch 2.5

       Flags indicating	various	aspects	of the tunnel encapsulation.

       Matches	on  this  field	are most conveniently written in terms of sym-
       bolic names (given in the diagram below), each preceded by either + for
       a flag that must	be set,	or - for a flag	that must  be  unset,  without
       any  other  delimiters between the flags. Flags not mentioned are wild-
       carded. For example, tun_flags=+oam matches only	OAM  packets.  Matches
       can also	be written as flags/mask, where	flags and mask are 16-bit num-
       bers in decimal or in hexadecimal prefixed by 0x.

       Currently, only one flag	is defined:

	      oam    The tunnel	protocol indicated that	this is	an OAM (Opera-
		     tions and Management) control packet.

       The switch may reject matches against unknown flags.

       Newer  versions of Open vSwitch may introduce additional	flags with new
       meanings. It is therefore not recommended to use	an exact match on this
       field since the behavior	of these new flags is unknown  and  should  be
       ignored.

       For non-tunneled	packets, the value is 0.

METADATA FIELDS
   Summary:
       Name	       Bytes   Mask   RW?   Prereqs   NXM/OXM Support
       --------------  ------  -----  ----  --------  ---------------------
       in_port	       2       no     yes   none      OVS 1.1+
       in_port_oxm     4       no     yes   none      OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.7+
       skb_priority    4       no     no    none
       pkt_mark	       4       yes    yes   none      OVS 2.0+
       actset_output   4       no     no    none      OF 1.3+ and OVS 2.4+
       packet_type     4       no     no    none      OF 1.5+ and OVS 2.8+

       These  fields  relate  to the origin or treatment of a packet, but they
       are not extracted from the packet data itself.

       Ingress Port Field
       Name:		in_port
       Width:		16 bits
       Format:		OpenFlow 1.0 port
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_OF_IN_PORT (0) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       The OpenFlow port on which the packet being processed arrived. This  is
       a  16-bit field that holds an OpenFlow 1.0 port number. For receiving a
       packet, the only	values that appear in this field are:

	      1	through	0xfeff (65,279), inclusive.
		     Conventional OpenFlow port	numbers.

	      OFPP_LOCAL (0xfffe or 65,534).
		     The ``local'' port, which in Open vSwitch is always named
		     the same as the bridge itself. This represents a  connec-
		     tion  between the switch and the local TCP/IP stack. This
		     port is where an IP address is most  commonly  configured
		     on	an Open	vSwitch	switch.

		     OpenFlow  does not	require	a switch to have a local port,
		     but all existing versions of Open vSwitch have always in-
		     cluded a local port. Future Directions:  Future  versions
		     of	 Open vSwitch might be able to optionally omit the lo-
		     cal port, if someone submits code	to  implement  such  a
		     feature.

	      OFPP_NONE	(OpenFlow 1.0) or OFPP_ANY (OpenFlow 1.1+) (0xffff or
	      65,535).
	      OFPP_CONTROLLER (0xfffd or 65,533).
		   When	 a controller injects a	packet into an OpenFlow	switch
		   with	a ``packet-out'' request, it can specify one of	 these
		   ingress ports to indicate that the packet was generated in-
		   ternally rather than	having been received on	some port.

		   OpenFlow  1.0 specified OFPP_NONE for this purpose. Despite
		   that,  some	controllers  used  OFPP_CONTROLLER,  and  some
		   switches  only  accepted OFPP_CONTROLLER, so	OpenFlow 1.0.2
		   required support for	both ports.  OpenFlow  1.1  and	 later
		   were	 more  clearly	drafted	to allow only OFPP_CONTROLLER.
		   For maximum compatibility, Open vSwitch allows  both	 ports
		   with	all OpenFlow versions.

       Values  not  mentioned above will never appear when receiving a packet,
       including the following notable values:

	      0	     Zero is not a valid OpenFlow port number.

	      OFPP_MAX (0xff00 or 65,280).
		     This value	has only been clearly  specified  as  a	 valid
		     port number as of OpenFlow	1.3.3. Before that, its	status
		     was  unclear,  and	 so  Open  vSwitch  has	 never allowed
		     OFPP_MAX to be used as a port  number,  so	 packets  will
		     never be received on this port. (Other OpenFlow switches,
		     of	course,	might use it.)

	      OFPP_UNSET (0xfff7 or 65,527)
	      OFPP_IN_PORT (0xfff8 or 65,528)
	      OFPP_TABLE (0xfff9 or 65,529)
	      OFPP_NORMAL (0xfffa or 65,530)
	      OFPP_FLOOD (0xfffb or 65,531)
	      OFPP_ALL (0xfffc or 65,532)
		   These  port	numbers	 are  used  only in output actions and
		   never appear	as ingress ports.

		   Most	of these port numbers were defined  in	OpenFlow  1.0,
		   but OFPP_UNSET was only introduced in OpenFlow 1.5.

       Values  that  will  never  appear  when receiving a packet may still be
       matched against in the flow table. There	 are  still  circumstances  in
       which those flows can be	matched:

	      	     The  resubmit Open	vSwitch	extension action allows	a flow
		     table lookup with an arbitrary ingress port.

	      	     An	action that modifies the ingress port field  (see  be-
		     low),  such as e.g. load or set_field, followed by	an ac-
		     tion or instruction  that	performs  another  flow	 table
		     lookup, such as resubmit or goto_table.

       This  field  is	heavily	 used for matching in OpenFlow tables, but for
       packet egress, it has only very limited roles:

	      	     OpenFlow requires suppressing output actions to  in_port.
		     That  is,	the  following two flows both drop all packets
		     that arrive on port 1:

		     in_port=1,actions=1
		     in_port=1,actions=drop

		     (This behavior is occasionally useful for flooding	 to  a
		     subset of ports. Specifying actions=1,2,3,4, for example,
		     outputs  to  ports	 1,  2,	3, and 4, omitting the ingress
		     port.)

	      	     OpenFlow has a  special  port  OFPP_IN_PORT  (with	 value
		     0xfff8) that outputs to the ingress port. For example, in
		     a	switch	that  has four ports numbered 1	through	4, ac-
		     tions=1,2,3,4,in_port outputs to ports 1, 2,  3,  and  4,
		     including the ingress port.

       Because	the  ingress port field	has so little influence	on packet pro-
       cessing,	it does	not ordinarily make sense to modify the	 ingress  port
       field.  The  field  is writable only to support the occasional use case
       where the ingress port's	roles in packet	egress,	described  above,  be-
       come  troublesome.  For	example, actions=load:0->NXM_OF_IN_PORT[],out-
       put:123 will output to port 123 regardless of  whether  it  is  in  the
       ingress	port.  If the ingress port is important, then one may save and
       restore it on the stack:

       actions=push:NXM_OF_IN_PORT[],load:0->NXM_OF_IN_PORT[],output:123,pop:NXM_OF_IN_PORT[]

       or, in Open vSwitch 2.7 or later, use the clone action to save and  re-
       store it:

       actions=clone(load:0->NXM_OF_IN_PORT[],output:123)

       The  ability to modify the ingress port is an Open vSwitch extension to
       OpenFlow.

       OXM Ingress Port	Field
       Name:		in_port_oxm
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		OpenFlow 1.1+ port
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_IN_PORT (0) since OpenFlow 1.2 and Open vSwitch
			1.7
       NXM:		none

       OpenFlow	1.1 and	later use a 32-bit port	number,	so this	field supplies
       a 32-bit	view of	the ingress port. Current  versions  of	 Open  vSwitch
       support only a 16-bit range of ports:

	      	     OpenFlow  1.0  ports  0x0000 to 0xfeff, inclusive,	map to
		     OpenFlow 1.1 port numbers with the	same values.

	      	     OpenFlow 1.0 ports	0xff00 to 0xffff,  inclusive,  map  to
		     OpenFlow 1.1 port numbers 0xffffff00 to 0xffffffff.

	      	     OpenFlow  1.1  ports  0x0000ff00  to  0xfffffeff  are not
		     mapped and	not supported.

       in_port and in_port_oxm are two views of	the same information,  so  all
       of  the comments	on in_port apply to in_port_oxm	too. Modifying in_port
       changes in_port_oxm, and	vice versa.

       Setting in_port_oxm to an unsupported value yields  unspecified	behav-
       ior.

       Output Queue Field
       Name:		skb_priority
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		none

       Future Directions: Open vSwitch implements the output queue as a	field,
       but  does  not currently	expose it through OXM or NXM for matching pur-
       poses. If this turns out	to be a	useful feature,	 it  could  be	imple-
       mented  in  future versions. Only the set_queue,	enqueue, and pop_queue
       actions currently influence the output queue.

       This field influences how packets in the	flow will be queued, for qual-
       ity of service (QoS) purposes, when they	egress the switch.  Its	 range
       of meaningful values, and their meanings, varies	greatly	from one Open-
       Flow  implementation  to	 another. Even within a	single implementation,
       there is	no guarantee that all OpenFlow ports have the same queues con-
       figured or that all OpenFlow ports in an	implementation can be  config-
       ured the	same way queue-wise.

       Configuring queues on OpenFlow is not well standardized.	On Linux, Open
       vSwitch	supports  queue	 configuration via OVSDB, specifically the QoS
       and Queue tables	(see ovs-vswitchd.conf.db(5) for  details).  Ports  of
       Open  vSwitch  to  other	 platforms  might  require queue configuration
       through some separate protocol (such as a CLI).	Even  on  Linux,  Open
       vSwitch	exposes	 only  a  fraction  of	the  kernel's queuing features
       through OVSDB, so advanced or unusual uses might	require	use  of	 sepa-
       rate  utilities	(e.g.  tc).  OpenFlow switches other than Open vSwitch
       might use OF-CONFIG or  any  of	the  configuration  methods  mentioned
       above.  Finally,	 some  OpenFlow	switches have a	fixed number of	fixed-
       function	queues (e.g. eight queues with	strictly  defined  priorities)
       and others do not support any control over queuing.

       The only	output queue that all OpenFlow implementations must support is
       zero, to	identify a default queue, whose	properties are implementation-
       defined.	Outputting a packet to a queue that does not exist on the out-
       put  port  yields  unpredictable	 behavior: among the possibilities are
       that the	packet might be	dropped	or transmitted with  a	very  high  or
       very low	priority.

       OpenFlow	 1.0  only allowed output queues to be specified as part of an
       enqueue action that specified both a queue and an output	port. That is,
       OpenFlow	1.0 treats the queue as	an argument to an  action,  not	 as  a
       field.

       To increase flexibility,	OpenFlow 1.1 added an action to	set the	output
       queue. This model was carried forward, without change, through OpenFlow
       1.5.

       Open  vSwitch implements	the native queuing model of each OpenFlow ver-
       sion it supports. Open vSwitch also includes an extension  for  setting
       the output queue	as an action in	OpenFlow 1.0.

       When  a	packet	ingresses into an OpenFlow switch, the output queue is
       ordinarily set to  0,  indicating  the  default	queue.	However,  Open
       vSwitch	supports  various  ways	 to forward a packet from one OpenFlow
       switch to another within	a single host. In these	 cases,	 Open  vSwitch
       maintains the output queue across the forwarding	step. For example:

	      	     A	hop  across an Open vSwitch ``patch port'' (which does
		     not actually involve queuing) preserves the output	queue.

	      	     When a flow sets the output  queue	 then  outputs	to  an
		     OpenFlow  tunnel  port,  the  encapsulation preserves the
		     output queue. If the kernel TCP/IP	stack routes  the  en-
		     capsulated	 packet	directly to a physical interface, then
		     that output honors	the output  queue.  Alternatively,  if
		     the kernel	routes the encapsulated	packet to another Open
		     vSwitch  bridge, then the output queue set	previously be-
		     comes the initial output queue on ingress to  the	second
		     bridge  and  will thus be used for	further	output actions
		     (unless overridden	by a new ``set queue'' action).

		     (This description reflects	the current behavior  of  Open
		     vSwitch  on Linux.	This behavior relies on	details	of the
		     Linux TCP/IP stack. It could be difficult to  make	 ports
		     to	other operating	systems	behave the same	way.)

       Packet Mark Field
       Name:		pkt_mark
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_PKT_MARK	(33) since Open	vSwitch	2.0

       Packet  mark  comes to Open vSwitch from	the Linux kernel, in which the
       sk_buff data structure that represents a	packet contains	a 32-bit  mem-
       ber  named  skb_mark.  The  value of skb_mark propagates	along with the
       packet it accompanies wherever the packet goes in the kernel. It	has no
       predefined semantics but	various	kernel-user  interfaces	 can  set  and
       match  on  it,  which  makes it suitable	for ``marking''	packets	at one
       point in	their handling and then	acting on the mark later.  With	 ipta-
       bles,  for  example, one	can mark some traffic specially	at ingress and
       then handle that	traffic	differently at	egress	based  on  the	marked
       value.

       Packet  mark  is	an attempt at a	generalization of the skb_mark concept
       beyond Linux, at	least through more generic naming. Like	 skb_priority,
       packet  mark is preserved across	forwarding steps within	a machine. Un-
       like skb_priority, packet mark has no direct effect on packet  forward-
       ing:  the  value	 set  in packet	mark does not matter unless some later
       OpenFlow	table or switch	matches	on packet mark,	or unless  the	packet
       passes  through some other kernel subsystem that	has been configured to
       interpret packet	mark in	specific ways, e.g. through iptables  configu-
       ration mentioned	above.

       Preserving packet mark across kernel forwarding steps relies heavily on
       kernel  support,	 which	ports  to  non-Linux operating systems may not
       have. Regardless	of operating system  support,  Open  vSwitch  supports
       packet mark within a single bridge and across patch ports.

       The  value  of  packet mark when	a packet ingresses into	the first Open
       vSwich bridge is	typically zero,	but it could be	nonzero	if  its	 value
       was previously set by some kernel subsystem.

       Action Set Output Port Field
       Name:		actset_output
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		OpenFlow 1.1+ port
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		ONFOXM_ET_ACTSET_OUTPUT	 (43)  since  OpenFlow 1.3 and
			Open  vSwitch  2.4;  OXM_OF_ACTSET_OUTPUT  (43)	 since
			OpenFlow 1.5 and Open vSwitch 2.4
       NXM:		none

       Holds  the  output port currently in the	OpenFlow action	set (i.e. from
       an output action	within a write_actions instruction). Its value	is  an
       OpenFlow	port number. If	there is no output port	in the OpenFlow	action
       set,  or	 if  the output	port will be ignored (e.g. because there is an
       output group in the OpenFlow  action  set),  then  the  value  will  be
       OFPP_UNSET.

       Open  vSwitch  allows any table to match	this field. OpenFlow, however,
       only requires this field	to be matchable	from within an OpenFlow	egress
       table (a	feature	that Open vSwitch does not yet implement).

       Packet Type Field
       Name:		packet_type
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		packet type
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		OXM_OF_PACKET_TYPE (44)	since OpenFlow	1.5  and  Open
			vSwitch	2.8
       NXM:		none

       The type	of the packet in the format specified in OpenFlow 1.5:

	Packet type
	<--------->
	16    16
       +---+-------+
       |ns |ns_type| ...
       +---+-------+

       The  upper 16 bits, ns, are a namespace.	The meaning of ns_type depends
       on the namespace. The packet type field is specified and	 displayed  in
       the format (ns,ns_type).

       Open  vSwitch  currently	supports the following classes of packet types
       for matching:

	      (0,0)  Ethernet.

	      (1,ethertype)
		     The specified ethertype. Open vSwitch can forward packets
		     with any ethertype, but it	can only match on and  process
		     data fields for the following supported packet types:

		     (1,0x800)
			    IPv4

		     (1,0x806)
			    ARP

		     (1,0x86dd)
			    IPv6

		     (1,0x8847)
			    MPLS

		     (1,0x8848)
			    MPLS multicast

		     (1,0x8035)
			    RARP

		     (1,0x894f)
			    NSH

       Consider	 the  distinction  between  a  packet  with packet_type=(0,0),
       dl_type=0x800 and one with packet_type=(1,0x800). The former is an Eth-
       ernet frame that	contains an IPv4 packet, like this:

	  Ethernet	      IPv4
	<----------->	<--------------->
	48  48	 16	      8	  32  32
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+
       |dst|src|type | |...|proto|src|dst| ...
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+
		0x800

       The latter is an	IPv4 packet not	encapsulated inside any	 outer	frame,
       like this:

	      IPv4
	<--------------->
	      8	  32  32
       +---+-----+---+---+
       |...|proto|src|dst| ...
       +---+-----+---+---+

       Matching	 on  packet_type  is  a	pre-requisite for matching on any data
       field, but for backward compatibility, when a match on a	data field  is
       present	without	 a  packet_type	 match,	 Open vSwitch acts as though a
       match on	(0,0) (Ethernet)  had  been  supplied.	Similarly,  when  Open
       vSwitch	sends  flow match information to a controller, e.g. in a reply
       to a request to dump the	flow table, Open  vSwitch  omits  a  match  on
       packet type (0,0) if it would be	implied	by a data field	match.

CONNECTION TRACKING FIELDS
   Summary:
       Name	     Bytes   Mask   RW?	  Prereqs   NXM/OXM Support
       ------------  ------  -----  ----  --------  ----------------
       ct_state	     4	     yes    no	  none	    OVS	2.5+
       ct_zone	     2	     no	    no	  none	    OVS	2.5+
       ct_mark	     4	     yes    yes	  none	    OVS	2.5+
       ct_label	     16	     yes    yes	  none	    OVS	2.5+
       ct_nw_src     4	     yes    no	  CT	    OVS	2.8+
       ct_nw_dst     4	     yes    no	  CT	    OVS	2.8+
       ct_ipv6_src   16	     yes    no	  CT	    OVS	2.8+
       ct_ipv6_dst   16	     yes    no	  CT	    OVS	2.8+
       ct_nw_proto   1	     no	    no	  CT	    OVS	2.8+
       ct_tp_src     2	     yes    no	  CT	    OVS	2.8+
       ct_tp_dst     2	     yes    no	  CT	    OVS	2.8+

       Open  vSwitch  supports	``connection tracking,'' which allows bidirec-
       tional streams of packets to be statefully  grouped  into  connections.
       Open  vSwitch connection	tracking, for example, identifies the patterns
       of TCP packets that indicates a successfully initiated  connection,  as
       well  as	those that indicate that a connection has been torn down. Open
       vSwitch connection tracking can also identify related connections, such
       as FTP data connections spawned from FTP	control	connections.

       An individual packet passing through the	pipeline may be	in one of  two
       states,	``untracked''  or  ``tracked,''	which may be distinguished via
       the ``trk'' flag	in ct_state. A packet is untracked at the beginning of
       the Open	vSwitch	pipeline and  continues	 to  be	 untracked  until  the
       pipeline	 invokes the ct	action.	The connection tracking	fields are all
       zeroes in an untracked packet. When a flow in the Open vSwitch pipeline
       invokes the ct action, the action initializes the  connection  tracking
       fields and the packet becomes tracked for the remainder of its process-
       ing.

       The  connection	tracker	 stores	connection state in an internal	table,
       but it only adds	a new entry to this table when a ct action for	a  new
       connection  invokes  ct	with the commit	parameter. For a given connec-
       tion, when a pipeline has executed ct, but not  yet  with  commit,  the
       connection  is said to be uncommitted. State for	an uncommitted connec-
       tion is ephemeral and does not persist past the end of the pipeline, so
       some features are only available	to committed connections. A connection
       would typically be left uncommitted as a	way to drop its	packets.

       Connection tracking is an Open  vSwitch	extension  to  OpenFlow.  Open
       vSwitch	2.5  added the initial support for connection tracking.	Subse-
       quent versions of Open vSwitch added many refinements and extensions to
       the initial support. Many of these  capabilities	 depend	 on  the  Open
       vSwitch datapath	rather than simply the userspace version. The capabil-
       ities  column  in  the Datapath table (see ovs-vswitchd.conf.db(5)) re-
       ports the detailed capabilities of a particular Open vSwitch datapath.

       Connection Tracking State Field
       Name:		ct_state
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		ct state
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_CT_STATE	(105) since Open vSwitch 2.5

       This field holds	several	flags that can be used to determine the	 state
       of the connection to which the packet belongs.

       Matches	on  this  field	are most conveniently written in terms of sym-
       bolic names (listed below), each	preceded by either + for a  flag  that
       must  be	set, or	- for a	flag that must be unset, without any other de-
       limiters	between	the flags. Flags not mentioned are wildcarded. For ex-
       ample, tcp,ct_state=+trk-new matches TCP	packets	 that  have  been  run
       through	the  connection	tracker	and do not establish a new connection.
       Matches can also	be written as flags/mask, where	 flags	and  mask  are
       32-bit numbers in decimal or in hexadecimal prefixed by 0x.

       The following flags are defined:

	      new (0x01)
		     A new connection. Set to 1	if this	is an uncommitted con-
		     nection.

	      est (0x02)
		     Part  of an existing connection. Set to 1 if packets of a
		     committed connection have been  seen  by  conntrack  from
		     both directions.

	      rel (0x04)
		     Related  to an existing connection, e.g. an ICMP ``desti-
		     nation unreachable'' message or an	FTP data  connections.
		     This  flag	will only be 1 if the connection to which this
		     one is related is committed.

		     Connections identified as rel are separate	from the orig-
		     inating connection	and must be committed separately.  All
		     packets  for  a related connection	will have the rel flag
		     set, not just the initial packet.

	      rpl (0x08)
		     This packet is in the reply direction, meaning that it is
		     in	the opposite direction from the	packet that  initiated
		     the  connection.  This flag will only be 1	if the connec-
		     tion is committed.

	      inv (0x10)
		     The state is invalid, meaning that	the connection tracker
		     couldn't identify the connection. This flag is  a	catch-
		     all  for  problems	 in  the  connection or	the connection
		     tracker, such as:

		     	    L3/L4 protocol handler is not  loaded/unavailable.
			    With the Linux kernel datapath, this may mean that
			    the	nf_conntrack_ipv4 or nf_conntrack_ipv6 modules
			    are	not loaded.

		     	    L3/L4  protocol handler determines that the	packet
			    is malformed.

		     	    Packets are	unexpected length for protocol.

	      trk (0x20)
		     This packet is tracked, meaning that  it  has  previously
		     traversed	the  connection	 tracker.  If this flag	is not
		     set, then no other	flags will be set.  If	this  flag  is
		     set,  then	the packet is tracked and other	flags may also
		     be	set.

	      snat (0x40)
		     This packet was transformed by source address/port	trans-
		     lation by a preceding ct action. Open vSwitch  2.6	 added
		     this flag.

	      dnat (0x80)
		     This  packet  was transformed by destination address/port
		     translation by a preceding	ct action.  Open  vSwitch  2.6
		     added this	flag.

       There  are  additional constraints on these flags, listed in decreasing
       order of	precedence below:

	      1.  If trk is unset, no other flags are set.

	      2.  If trk is set, one or	more other flags may be	set.

	      3.  If inv is set, only the trk flag is also set.

	      4.  new and est are mutually exclusive.

	      5.  new and rpl are mutually exclusive.

	      6.  rel may be set in conjunction	with any other flags.

       Future versions of Open vSwitch may define new flags.

       Connection Tracking Zone	Field
       Name:		ct_zone
       Width:		16 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_CT_ZONE (106) since Open	vSwitch	2.5

       A connection tracking zone, the zone value passed to the	most recent ct
       action. Each zone is an independent  connection	tracking  context,  so
       tracking	the same packet	in multiple contexts requires using the	ct ac-
       tion multiple times.

       Connection Tracking Mark	Field
       Name:		ct_mark
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_CT_MARK (107) since Open	vSwitch	2.5

       The  metadata  committed, by an action within the exec parameter	to the
       ct action, to the connection to which the current packet	belongs.

       Connection Tracking Label Field
       Name:		ct_label
       Width:		128 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_CT_LABEL	(108) since Open vSwitch 2.5

       The label committed, by an action within	the exec parameter to  the  ct
       action, to the connection to which the current packet belongs.

       Open vSwitch 2.8	introduced the matching	support	for connection tracker
       original	direction 5-tuple fields.

       For non-committed non-related connections the conntrack original	direc-
       tion  tuple  fields  always  have  the same values as the corresponding
       headers in the packet itself. For any other packets of a	committed con-
       nection the conntrack original direction	tuple fields reflect the  val-
       ues from	that initial non-committed non-related packet, and thus	may be
       different  from the actual packet headers, as the actual	packet headers
       may be in reverse direction (for	reply  packets),  transformed  by  NAT
       (when  nat  option  was	applied	to the connection), or be of different
       protocol	(i.e., when an ICMP response is	sent to	 an  UDP  packet).  In
       case of related connections, e.g., an FTP data connection, the original
       direction tuple contains	the original direction headers from the	parent
       connection, e.g., an FTP	control	connection.

       The  following  fields  are  populated  by the ct action, and require a
       match to	a valid	connection tracking state as a prerequisite, in	 addi-
       tion  to	 the  IP or IPv6 ethertype match. Examples of valid connection
       tracking	  state	  matches   include   ct_state=+new,	ct_state=+est,
       ct_state=+rel, and ct_state=+trk-inv.

       Connection Tracking Original Direction IPv4 Source Address Field
       Name:		ct_nw_src
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		IPv4
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	CT
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_CT_NW_SRC (120) since Open vSwitch 2.8

       Matches IPv4 conntrack original direction tuple source address. See the
       paragraphs  above for general description to the	conntrack original di-
       rection tuple. Introduced in Open vSwitch 2.8.

       Connection Tracking Original Direction IPv4 Destination Address Field
       Name:		ct_nw_dst
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		IPv4
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	CT
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_CT_NW_DST (121) since Open vSwitch 2.8

       Matches IPv4 conntrack original direction  tuple	 destination  address.
       See the paragraphs above	for general description	to the conntrack orig-
       inal direction tuple. Introduced	in Open	vSwitch	2.8.

       Connection Tracking Original Direction IPv6 Source Address Field
       Name:		ct_ipv6_src
       Width:		128 bits
       Format:		IPv6
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	CT
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_CT_IPV6_SRC (122) since Open vSwitch 2.8

       Matches IPv6 conntrack original direction tuple source address. See the
       paragraphs  above for general description to the	conntrack original di-
       rection tuple. Introduced in Open vSwitch 2.8.

       Connection Tracking Original Direction IPv6 Destination Address Field
       Name:		ct_ipv6_dst
       Width:		128 bits
       Format:		IPv6
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	CT
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_CT_IPV6_DST (123) since Open vSwitch 2.8

       Matches IPv6 conntrack original direction  tuple	 destination  address.
       See the paragraphs above	for general description	to the conntrack orig-
       inal direction tuple. Introduced	in Open	vSwitch	2.8.

       Connection Tracking Original Direction IP Protocol Field
       Name:		ct_nw_proto
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	CT
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_CT_NW_PROTO (119) since Open vSwitch 2.8

       Matches	conntrack  original direction tuple IP protocol	type, which is
       specified as a decimal number between 0 and 255,	inclusive (e.g.	 1  to
       match ICMP packets or 6 to match	TCP packets). In case of, for example,
       an  ICMP	 response  to an UDP packet, this may be different from	the IP
       protocol	type of	the packet itself. See the paragraphs above  for  gen-
       eral  description to the	conntrack original direction tuple. Introduced
       in Open vSwitch 2.8.

       Connection Tracking Original  Direction	Transport  Layer  Source  Port
       Field
       Name:		ct_tp_src
       Width:		16 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	CT
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_CT_TP_SRC (124) since Open vSwitch 2.8

       Bitwise	match  on  the	conntrack  original  direction tuple transport
       source, when MFF_CT_NW_PROTO has	value 6	for TCP, 17 for	 UDP,  or  132
       for  SCTP. When MFF_CT_NW_PROTO has value 1 for ICMP, or	58 for ICMPv6,
       the lower 8 bits	of MFF_CT_TP_SRC matches the conntrack original	direc-
       tion ICMP type. See the paragraphs above	for general description	to the
       conntrack original direction tuple. Introduced in Open vSwitch 2.8.

       Connection Tracking Original  Direction	Transport  Layer  Source  Port
       Field
       Name:		ct_tp_dst
       Width:		16 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	CT
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_CT_TP_DST (125) since Open vSwitch 2.8

       Bitwise	match on the conntrack original	direction tuple	transport des-
       tination	port, when MFF_CT_NW_PROTO has value 6 for TCP,	17 for UDP, or
       132 for SCTP. When MFF_CT_NW_PROTO has value 1  for  ICMP,  or  58  for
       ICMPv6,	the lower 8 bits of MFF_CT_TP_DST matches the conntrack	origi-
       nal direction ICMP code.	See the	paragraphs above for general  descrip-
       tion  to	 the  conntrack	 original  direction tuple. Introduced in Open
       vSwitch 2.8.

REGISTER FIELDS
   Summary:
       Name	  Bytes	  Mask	 RW?   Prereqs	 NXM/OXM Support
       ---------  ------  -----	 ----  --------	 ---------------------
       metadata	  8	  yes	 yes   none	 OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.8+
       reg0	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 1.1+
       reg1	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 1.1+
       reg2	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 1.1+
       reg3	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 1.1+
       reg4	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 1.3+
       reg5	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 1.7+
       reg6	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 1.7+
       reg7	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 1.7+
       reg8	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 2.6+
       reg9	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 2.6+
       reg10	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 2.6+
       reg11	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 2.6+
       reg12	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 2.6+
       reg13	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 2.6+
       reg14	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 2.6+
       reg15	  4	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 2.6+
       xreg0	  8	  yes	 yes   none	 OF 1.3+ and OVS 2.4+
       xreg1	  8	  yes	 yes   none	 OF 1.3+ and OVS 2.4+
       xreg2	  8	  yes	 yes   none	 OF 1.3+ and OVS 2.4+
       xreg3	  8	  yes	 yes   none	 OF 1.3+ and OVS 2.4+
       xreg4	  8	  yes	 yes   none	 OF 1.3+ and OVS 2.4+
       xreg5	  8	  yes	 yes   none	 OF 1.3+ and OVS 2.4+
       xreg6	  8	  yes	 yes   none	 OF 1.3+ and OVS 2.4+
       xreg7	  8	  yes	 yes   none	 OF 1.3+ and OVS 2.4+
       xxreg0	  16	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 2.6+
       xxreg1	  16	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 2.6+
       xxreg2	  16	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 2.6+
       xxreg3	  16	  yes	 yes   none	 OVS 2.6+

       These fields give an OpenFlow switch space for temporary	storage	 while
       the  pipeline is	running. Whereas metadata fields can have a meaningful
       initial	value  and  can	 persist  across  some	hops  across  OpenFlow
       switches,  registers are	always initially 0 and their values never per-
       sist across inter-switch	hops (not even across patch ports).

       OpenFlow	Metadata Field
       Name:		metadata
       Width:		64 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes
       OXM:		OXM_OF_METADATA	 (2)  since  OpenFlow  1.2  and	  Open
			vSwitch	1.8
       NXM:		none

       This  field  is the oldest standardized OpenFlow	register field,	intro-
       duced in	OpenFlow 1.1. It was introduced	to model the limited number of
       user-defined bits that some ASIC-based switches can carry through their
       pipelines. Because of hardware limitations, OpenFlow allows switches to
       support writing and masking only	an  implementation-defined  subset  of
       bits, even no bits at all. The Open vSwitch software switch always sup-
       ports  all 64 bits, but of course an Open vSwitch port to an ASIC would
       have the	same restriction as the	ASIC itself.

       This field has an OXM code point, but OpenFlow 1.4 and earlier allow it
       to be modified only with	a specialized instruction, not with  a	``set-
       field''	action.	 OpenFlow  1.5	removes	this restriction. Open vSwitch
       does not	enforce	this restriction, regardless of	OpenFlow version.

       Register	0 Field
       Name:		reg0
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_REG0 (0)	since Open vSwitch 1.1

       This is the first of several Open vSwitch registers, all	of which  have
       the same	properties. Open vSwitch 1.1 introduced	registers 0, 1,	2, and
       3,  version 1.3 added register 4, version 1.7 added registers 5,	6, and
       7, and version 2.6 added	registers 8 through 15.

       Extended	Register 0 Field
       Name:		xreg0
       Width:		64 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		OXM_OF_PKT_REG0	 (0)  since  OpenFlow  1.3  and	  Open
			vSwitch	2.4
       NXM:		none

       This is the first of the	registers introduced in	OpenFlow 1.5. OpenFlow
       1.5  calls these	fields just the	``packet registers,'' but Open vSwitch
       already had 32-bit registers by that name, so  Open  vSwitch  uses  the
       name  ``extended	 registers''  in  an  attempt to reduce	confusion. The
       standard	allows for up to 128 registers,	each 64	bits  wide,  but  Open
       vSwitch	only  implements  4 (in	versions 2.4 and 2.5) or 8 (in version
       2.6 and later).

       Each of the 64-bit extended registers overlays two of the 32-bit	regis-
       ters: xreg0 overlays reg0 and reg1, with	reg0 supplying	the  most-sig-
       nificant	bits of	xreg0 and reg1 the least-significant. Similarly, xreg1
       overlays	reg2 and reg3, and so on.

       The  OpenFlow specification says, ``In most cases, the packet registers
       can not be matched in tables, i.e. they usually can not be used in  the
       flow  entry  match  structure''	[OpenFlow  1.5,	section	7.2.3.10], but
       there is	no reason for a	software switch	to impose such a  restriction,
       and Open	vSwitch	does not.

       Double-Extended Register	0 Field
       Name:		xxreg0
       Width:		128 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	none
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_XXREG0 (111) since Open vSwitch 2.6

       This  is	 the  first of the double-extended registers introduce in Open
       vSwitch 2.6. Each of the	128-bit	extended registers  overlays  four  of
       the 32-bit registers: xxreg0 overlays reg0 through reg3,	with reg0 sup-
       plying  the most-significant bits of xxreg0 and reg3 the	least-signifi-
       cant. xxreg1 similarly overlays reg4 through reg7, and so on.

LAYER 2	(ETHERNET) FIELDS
   Summary:
       Name		      Bytes   Mask   RW?   Prereqs    NXM/OXM Support
       ---------------------  ------  -----  ----  ---------  ---------------------
       eth_src aka dl_src     6	      yes    yes   Ethernet   OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       eth_dst aka dl_dst     6	      yes    yes   Ethernet   OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       eth_type	aka dl_type   2	      no     no	   Ethernet   OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+

       Ethernet	is the only layer-2 protocol that Open	vSwitch	 supports.  As
       with  most software, Open vSwitch and OpenFlow regard an	Ethernet frame
       to begin	with the 14-byte header	and end	with the  final	 byte  of  the
       payload;	 that  is,  the	frame check sequence is	not considered part of
       the frame.

       Ethernet	Source Field
       Name:		eth_src	(aka dl_src)
       Width:		48 bits
       Format:		Ethernet
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	Ethernet
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes
       OXM:		OXM_OF_ETH_SRC (4) since OpenFlow 1.2 and Open vSwitch
			1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_ETH_SRC (2) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       The Ethernet source address:

	  Ethernet
	<---------->
	48  48	 16
       +---+---+----+
       |dst|src|type| ...
       +---+---+----+

       Ethernet	Destination Field
       Name:		eth_dst	(aka dl_dst)
       Width:		48 bits
       Format:		Ethernet
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	Ethernet
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes
       OXM:		OXM_OF_ETH_DST (3) since OpenFlow 1.2 and Open vSwitch
			1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_ETH_DST (1) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       The Ethernet destination	address:

	  Ethernet
	<---------->
	48  48	 16
       +---+---+----+
       |dst|src|type| ...
       +---+---+----+

       Open vSwitch 1.8	and later support arbitrary masks  for	source	and/or
       destination. Earlier versions only support masking the destination with
       the following masks:

	      01:00:00:00:00:00
		     Match	only	  the	  multicast	bit.	 Thus,
		     dl_dst=01:00:00:00:00:00/01:00:00:00:00:00	 matches   all
		     multicast	(including  broadcast)	Ethernet  packets, and
		     dl_dst=00:00:00:00:00:00/01:00:00:00:00:00	 matches   all
		     unicast Ethernet packets.

	      fe:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
		     Match all bits except the multicast bit. This is probably
		     not useful.

	      ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
		     Exact match (equivalent to	omitting the mask).

	      00:00:00:00:00:00
		     Wildcard all bits (equivalent to dl_dst=*).

       Ethernet	Type Field
       Name:		eth_type (aka dl_type)
       Width:		16 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	Ethernet
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_ETH_TYPE	  (5)  since  OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE	(3) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       The most	commonly seen Ethernet frames today use	a format called	``Eth-
       ernet II,'' in which the	last two bytes of the Ethernet header  specify
       the  Ethertype. For such	a frame, this field is copied from those bytes
       of the header, like so:

	     Ethernet
	<---------------->
	48  48	    16
       +---+---+----------+
       |dst|src|   type	  | ...
       +---+---+----------+
		>=0x600

       Every Ethernet type has a value 0x600 (1,536) or	greater. When the last
       two bytes of the	Ethernet header	have a value too small to be an	Ether-
       net type, then the value	found there is the total length	of  the	 frame
       in  bytes, excluding the	Ethernet header. An 802.2 LLC header typically
       follows the Ethernet header. OpenFlow and Open vSwitch only support LLC
       headers with DSAP and SSAP 0xaa and control byte	0x03,  which  indicate
       that  a	SNAP header follows the	LLC header. In turn, OpenFlow and Open
       vSwitch only support a SNAP header with organization 0x000000. In  such
       a  case,	 this  field is	copied from the	type field in the SNAP header,
       like this:

	   Ethernet	      LLC		 SNAP
	<------------>	 <------------>	  <----------------->
	48  48	  16	  8    8    8	     24	       16
       +---+---+------+	+----+----+----+ +--------+----------+
       |dst|src| type |	|DSAP|SSAP|cntl| |  org	  |   type   | ...
       +---+---+------+	+----+----+----+ +--------+----------+
		<0x600	 0xaa 0xaa 0x03	  0x000000 >=0x600

       When an 802.1Q header is	inserted after the Ethernet source and	desti-
       nation,	this  field  is	populated with the encapsulated	Ethertype, not
       the 802.1Q Ethertype. With an Ethernet II inner frame, the result looks
       like this:

	Ethernet     802.1Q	Ethertype
	<------>   <-------->	<-------->
	 48  48	     16	  16	    16
       +----+---+ +------+---+ +----------+
       |dst |src| | TPID |TCI| |   type	  | ...
       +----+---+ +------+---+ +----------+
		   0x8100	>=0x600

       LLC and SNAP encapsulation look like this with an 802.1Q	header:

	Ethernet     802.1Q	Ethertype	 LLC		    SNAP
	<------>   <-------->	<------->   <------------>   <----------------->
	 48  48	     16	  16	   16	     8	  8    8	24	  16
       +----+---+ +------+---+ +---------+ +----+----+----+ +--------+----------+
       |dst |src| | TPID |TCI| |  type	 | |DSAP|SSAP|cntl| |  org   |	 type	| ...
       +----+---+ +------+---+ +---------+ +----+----+----+ +--------+----------+
		   0x8100	 <0x600	    0xaa 0xaa 0x03   0x000000 >=0x600

       When a packet doesn't match any of the header formats described	above,
       Open    vSwitch	  and	 OpenFlow    set    this    field   to	 0x5ff
       (OFP_DL_TYPE_NOT_ETH_TYPE).

VLAN FIELDS
   Summary:
       Name	     Bytes	       Mask   RW?   Prereqs    NXM/OXM Support
       ------------  ----------------  -----  ----  ---------  ---------------------
       dl_vlan	     2 (low 12 bits)   no     yes   Ethernet
       dl_vlan_pcp   1 (low 3 bits)    no     yes   Ethernet
       vlan_vid	     2 (low 12 bits)   yes    yes   Ethernet   OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.7+
       vlan_pcp	     1 (low 3 bits)    no     yes   VLAN VID   OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.7+
       vlan_tci	     2		       yes    yes   Ethernet   OVS 1.1+

       The 802.1Q VLAN header causes more trouble than any other  4  bytes  in
       networking.  OpenFlow  1.0,  1.1, and 1.2+ all treat VLANs differently.
       Open vSwitch extensions add another variant to the  mix.	 Open  vSwitch
       reconciles all four treatments as best it can.

   VLAN	Header Format
       An 802.1Q VLAN header consists of two 16-bit fields:

	  TPID	      TCI
	<-------> <--------->
	   16	   3   1  12
       +---------+---+---+---+
       |Ethertype|PCP|CFI|VID|
       +---------+---+---+---+
	 0x8100	       0

       The  first  16  bits of the VLAN	header,	the TPID (Tag Protocol IDenti-
       fier), is an Ethertype. When the	VLAN header is inserted	just after the
       source and destination MAC addresses in a  Ethertype  frame,  the  TPID
       serves  to  identify  the  presence of the VLAN.	The standard TPID, the
       only one	that Open vSwitch supports, is 0x8100. OpenFlow	1.0 explicitly
       supports	only TPID 0x8100. OpenFlow 1.1,	but not	earlier	or later  ver-
       sions,  also  requires  support	for TPID 0x88a8	(Open vSwitch does not
       support this). OpenFlow 1.2 through 1.5 do not require support for spe-
       cific TPIDs (the	``push vlan header'' action does say that only	0x8100
       and  0x88a8 should be pushed). No version of OpenFlow provides a	way to
       distinguish or match on the TPID.

       The remaining 16	bits of	the VLAN header, the TCI (Tag Control Informa-
       tion), is subdivided into three subfields:

	      	     PCP (Priority Control Point), is a	3-bit 802.1p priority.
		     The lowest	priority is  value  1,	the  second-lowest  is
		     value 0, and priority increases from 2 up to highest pri-
		     ority 7.

	      	     CFI (Canonical Format Indicator), is a 1-bit field. On an
		     Ethernet  network,	 its value is always 0.	This led to it
		     later being repurposed under the name DEI (Drop Eligibil-
		     ity Indicator). By	either name, OpenFlow and Open vSwitch
		     don't provide any way to match or set this	bit.

	      	     VID (VLAN IDentifier), is a 12-bit	VLAN. If the VID is 0,
		     then the frame is not part	of a VLAN. In that  case,  the
		     VLAN  header  is called a priority	tag because it is only
		     meaningful	for assigning the frame	a priority. VID	 0xfff
		     (4,095) is	reserved.

       See eth_type for	illustrations of a complete Ethernet frame with	802.1Q
       tag included.

   Multiple VLANs
       Open vSwitch can	match only a single VLAN header. If more than one VLAN
       header  is  present,  then  eth_type  holds  the	TPID of	the inner VLAN
       header. Open vSwitch stops parsing the packet after the inner TPID,  so
       matching	 further  into the packet (e.g.	on the inner TCI or L3 fields)
       is not possible.

       OpenFlow	only directly supports matching	a single VLAN header. In Open-
       Flow 1.1	or later, one OpenFlow table can match on the  outermost  VLAN
       header and pop it off, and a later OpenFlow table can match on the next
       outermost header. Open vSwitch does not support this.

   VLAN	Field Details
       The  four variants have three different levels of expressiveness: Open-
       Flow 1.0	and 1.1	VLAN matching are less	powerful  than	OpenFlow  1.2+
       VLAN  matching, which is	less powerful than Open	vSwitch	extension VLAN
       matching.

   OpenFlow 1.0	VLAN Fields
       OpenFlow	1.0 uses two fields, called dl_vlan and	dl_vlan_pcp,  each  of
       which  can  be  either  exact-matched  or  wildcarded,  to specify VLAN
       matches:

	      	     When both dl_vlan and  dl_vlan_pcp	 are  wildcarded,  the
		     flow matches packets without an 802.1Q header or with any
		     802.1Q header.

	      	     The  match	 dl_vlan=0xffff	 causes	 a  flow to match only
		     packets without an	802.1Q header. Such a flow should also
		     wildcard dl_vlan_pcp, since a packet  without  an	802.1Q
		     header  does  not	have  a	PCP. OpenFlow does not specify
		     what to do	if a match on PCP  is  actually	 present,  but
		     Open vSwitch ignores it.

	      	     Otherwise,	 the  flow matches only	packets	with an	802.1Q
		     header. If	dl_vlan	is not wildcarded, then	the flow  only
		     matches  packets  with the	VLAN ID	specified in dl_vlan's
		     low 12 bits. If dl_vlan_pcp is not	wildcarded,  then  the
		     flow  only	matches	packets	with the priority specified in
		     dl_vlan_pcp's low 3 bits.

		     OpenFlow does not specify how to  interpret  the  high  4
		     bits  of  dl_vlan or the high 5 bits of dl_vlan_pcp. Open
		     vSwitch ignores them.

   OpenFlow 1.1	VLAN Fields
       VLAN matching in	OpenFlow 1.1 is	similar	to OpenFlow 1.0. The  one  re-
       finement	 is that when dl_vlan matches on 0xfffe	(OFVPID_ANY), the flow
       matches only packets with an  802.1Q  header,  with  any	 VLAN  ID.  If
       dl_vlan_pcp  is	wildcarded, the	flow matches any packet	with an	802.1Q
       header, regardless of VLAN ID or	priority. If dl_vlan_pcp is not	 wild-
       carded,	then the flow only matches packets with	the priority specified
       in dl_vlan_pcp's	low 3 bits.

       OpenFlow	1.1 uses the name OFPVID_NONE, instead of OFP_VLAN_NONE, for a
       dl_vlan of 0xffff, but it has the same meaning.

       In OpenFlow 1.1,	Open vSwitch reports error OFPBMC_BAD_VALUE for	an at-
       tempt to	match on dl_vlan  between  4,096  and  0xfffd,	inclusive,  or
       dl_vlan_pcp greater than	7.

   OpenFlow 1.2	VLAN Fields
       OpenFlow	1.2+ VLAN ID Field
       Name:		vlan_vid
       Width:		16 bits	(only the least-significant 12 bits may	be nonzero)
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	Ethernet
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_VLAN_VID	(6) since OpenFlow 1.2 and Open	vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		none

       The  OpenFlow  standard	describes this field as	consisting of ``12+1''
       bits. On	ingress, its value is 0	if no 802.1Q header  is	 present,  and
       otherwise  it holds the VLAN VID	in its least significant 12 bits, with
       bit 12 (0x1000 aka OFPVID_PRESENT) also set to 1. The three  most  sig-
       nificant	bits are always	zero:

	OXM_OF_VLAN_VID
	<------------->
	 3  1	  12
       +---+--+--------+
       |   |P |VLAN ID |
       +---+--+--------+
	 0

       As  a  consequence  of this field's format, one may use it to match the
       VLAN ID in all of the ways available with the OpenFlow 1.0 and 1.1 for-
       mats, and a few new ways:

	      Fully wildcarded
		     Matches any packet, that is, one without an 802.1Q	header
		     or	with an	802.1Q header with any TCI value.

	      Value 0x0000 (OFPVID_NONE), mask 0xffff (or no mask)
		     Matches only packets without an 802.1Q header.

	      Value 0x1000, mask 0x1000
		     Matches any packet	with an	802.1Q header,	regardless  of
		     VLAN ID.

	      Value 0x1009, mask 0xffff	(or no mask)
		     Match only	packets	with an	802.1Q header with VLAN	ID 9.

	      Value 0x1001, mask 0x1001
		     Matches  only  packets that have an 802.1Q	header with an
		     odd-numbered VLAN ID. (This is just an example;  one  can
		     match on any desired VLAN ID bit pattern.)

       OpenFlow	1.2+ VLAN Priority Field
       Name:		vlan_pcp
       Width:		8 bits (only the least-significant 3 bits may be nonzero)
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	VLAN VID
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_VLAN_PCP	 (7)  since OpenFlow 1.2 and Open vSwitch
			1.7
       NXM:		none

       The 3 least significant bits may	be used	to match the PCP  bits	in  an
       802.1Q header. Other bits are always zero:

	OXM_OF_VLAN_VID
	<------------->
	   5	   3
       +--------+------+
       |  zero	| PCP  |
       +--------+------+
	   0

       This  field  may	 only be used when vlan_vid is not wildcarded and does
       not exact match on 0 (which  only  matches  when	 there	is  no	802.1Q
       header).

       See VLAN	Comparison Chart, below, for some examples.

   Open	vSwitch	Extension VLAN Field
       The vlan_tci extension can describe more	kinds of VLAN matches than the
       other variants. It is also simpler than the other variants.

       VLAN TCI	Field
       Name:		vlan_tci
       Width:		16 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	Ethernet
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_OF_VLAN_TCI	(4) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       For a packet without an 802.1Q header, this field is zero. For a	packet
       with  an	802.1Q header, this field is the TCI with the bit in CFI's po-
       sition (marked P	for ``present''	below) forced to 1. Thus, for a	packet
       in VLAN 9 with priority 7, it has the value 0xf009:

	NXM_VLAN_TCI
	<---------->
	 3   1	 12
       +----+--+----+
       |PCP |P |VID |
       +----+--+----+
	 7   1	 9

       Usage examples:

	      vlan_tci=0
		     Match packets without an 802.1Q header.

	      vlan_tci=0x1000/0x1000
		     Match packets with	an 802.1Q header, regardless  of  VLAN
		     and priority values.

	      vlan_tci=0xf123
		     Match packets tagged with priority	7 in VLAN 0x123.

	      vlan_tci=0x1123/0x1fff
		     Match packets tagged with VLAN 0x123 (and any priority).

	      vlan_tci=0x5000/0xf000
		     Match packets tagged with priority	2 (in any VLAN).

	      vlan_tci=0/0xfff
		     Match packets with	no 802.1Q header or tagged with	VLAN 0
		     (and any priority).

	      vlan_tci=0x5000/0xe000
		     Match packets with	no 802.1Q header or tagged with	prior-
		     ity 2 (in any VLAN).

	      vlan_tci=0/0xefff
		     Match packets with	no 802.1Q header or tagged with	VLAN 0
		     and priority 0.

       See VLAN	Comparison Chart, below, for more examples.

   VLAN	Comparison Chart
       The  following table describes each of several possible matching	crite-
       ria on 802.1Q header may	be expressed with each variation of  the  VLAN
       matching	fields:

       Criteria	  OpenFlow 1.0	 OpenFlow 1.1	OpenFlow 1.2+	      NXM
       ---------  -------------	 -------------	--------------	----------
	    [1]	   ????/1,??/?	  ????/1,??/?	 0000/0000,--	0000/0000
	    [2]	   ffff/0,??/?	  ffff/0,??/?	 0000/ffff,--	0000/ffff
	    [3]	   0xxx/0,??/1	  0xxx/0,??/1	 1xxx/ffff,--	1xxx/1fff
	    [4]	   ????/1,0y/0	  fffe/0,0y/0	 1000/1000,0y	z000/f000
	    [5]	   0xxx/0,0y/0	  0xxx/0,0y/0	 1xxx/ffff,0y	zxxx/ffff
	    [6]	     (none)	    (none)	 1001/1001,--	1001/1001
	    [7]	     (none)	    (none)	   (none)	3000/3000
	    [8]	     (none)	    (none)	   (none)	0000/0fff
	    [9]	     (none)	    (none)	   (none)	0000/f000
	   [10]	     (none)	    (none)	   (none)	0000/efff

       All  numbers  in	the table are expressed	in hexadecimal.	The columns in
       the table are interpreted as follows:

	      Criteria
		     See the list below.

	      OpenFlow 1.0
	      OpenFlow 1.1
		   wwww/x,yy/z means VLAN ID match value  wwww	with  wildcard
		   bit	x  and	VLAN PCP match value yy	with wildcard bit z. ?
		   means that the given	bits are ignored (and conventionally 0
		   for wwww or yy, conventionally 1 for	x  or  z).  ``(none)''
		   means  that	OpenFlow  1.0 (or 1.1) cannot match with these
		   criteria.

	      OpenFlow 1.2+
		   xxxx/yyyy,zz	means vlan_vid with value xxxx and mask	 yyyy,
		   and	vlan_pcp  (which  is  not  maskable) with value	zz. --
		   means that vlan_pcp is omitted. ``(none)'' means that Open-
		   Flow	1.2 cannot match with these criteria.

	      NXM  xxxx/yyyy means vlan_tci with value xxxx and	mask yyyy.

       The matching criteria described by the table are:

	      [1]    Matches any packet, that is, one without an 802.1Q	header
		     or	with an	802.1Q header with any TCI value.

	      [2]    Matches only packets without an 802.1Q header.

		     OpenFlow 1.0 doesn't define the behavior  if  dl_vlan  is
		     set  to  0xffff  and dl_vlan_pcp is not wildcarded. (Open
		     vSwitch always ignores dl_vlan_pcp	when dl_vlan is	set to
		     0xffff.)

		     OpenFlow 1.1 says explicitly to ignore  dl_vlan_pcp  when
		     dl_vlan is	set to 0xffff.

		     OpenFlow  1.2  doesn't  say how to	interpret a match with
		     vlan_vid value 0 and a mask with OFPVID_PRESENT  (0x1000)
		     set  to  1	and some other bits in the mask	set to 1 also.
		     Open vSwitch interprets it	the same  way  as  a  mask  of
		     0x1000.

		     Any  NXM  match with vlan_tci value 0 and the CFI bit set
		     to	1 in the mask is equivalent to the one listed  in  the
		     table.

	      [3]    Matches  only packets that	have an	802.1Q header with VID
		     xxx (and any PCP).

	      [4]    Matches only packets that have an 802.1Q header with  PCP
		     y (and any	VID).

		     OpenFlow 1.0 doesn't clearly define the behavior for this
		     case. Open	vSwitch	implements it this way.

		     In	the NXM	value, z equals	(y << 1) | 1.

	      [5]    Matches  only packets that	have an	802.1Q header with VID
		     xxx and PCP y.

		     In	the NXM	value, z equals	(y << 1) | 1.

	      [6]    Matches only packets that have an 802.1Q header  with  an
		     odd-numbered  VID (and any	PCP). Only possible with Open-
		     Flow 1.2 and NXM. (This is	just an	example; one can match
		     on	any desired VID	bit pattern.)

	      [7]    Matches only packets that have an 802.1Q header  with  an
		     odd-numbered  PCP	(and any VID). Only possible with NXM.
		     (This is just an example; one can match  on  any  desired
		     VID bit pattern.)

	      [8]    Matches  packets  with no 802.1Q header or	with an	802.1Q
		     header with a VID of 0. Only possible with	NXM.

	      [9]    Matches packets with no 802.1Q header or with  an	802.1Q
		     header with a PCP of 0. Only possible with	NXM.

	      [10]   Matches  packets  with no 802.1Q header or	with an	802.1Q
		     header with both VID and PCP of  0.  Only	possible  with
		     NXM.
LAYER 2.5: MPLS	FIELDS
   Summary:
       Name	    Bytes	      Mask   RW?   Prereqs   NXM/OXM Support
       -----------  ----------------  -----  ----  --------  ----------------------
       mpls_label   4 (low 20 bits)   no     yes   MPLS	     OF	1.2+ and OVS 1.11+
       mpls_tc	    1 (low 3 bits)    no     yes   MPLS	     OF	1.2+ and OVS 1.11+
       mpls_bos	    1 (low 1 bits)    no     no	   MPLS	     OF	1.3+ and OVS 1.11+
       mpls_ttl	    1		      no     yes   MPLS	     OVS 2.6+

       One  or	more MPLS headers (more	commonly called	MPLS labels) follow an
       Ethernet	type field that	specifies an MPLS Ethernet  type  [RFC	3032].
       Ethertype  0x8847  is  used  for	all unicast. Multicast MPLS is divided
       into two	specific classes, one of which uses Ethertype 0x8847  and  the
       other 0x8848 [RFC 5332].

       The most	common overall packet format is	Ethernet II, shown below (SNAP
       encapsulation  may  be used but is not ordinarily seen in Ethernet net-
       works):

	   Ethernet	      MPLS
	<------------>	 <------------>
	48  48	  16	  20   3  1  8
       +---+---+------+	+-----+--+-+---+
       |dst|src| type |	|label|TC|S|TTL| ...
       +---+---+------+	+-----+--+-+---+
		0x8847

       MPLS can	be encapsulated	inside an 802.1Q header,  in  which  case  the
       combination looks like this:

	Ethernet     802.1Q	Ethertype	 MPLS
	<------>   <-------->	<------->   <------------>
	 48  48	     16	  16	   16	     20	  3  1	8
       +----+---+ +------+---+ +---------+ +-----+--+-+---+
       |dst |src| | TPID |TCI| |  type	 | |label|TC|S|TTL| ...
       +----+---+ +------+---+ +---------+ +-----+--+-+---+
		   0x8100	 0x8847

       The fields within an MPLS label are:

	      Label, 20	bits.
		     An	identifier.

	      Traffic control (TC), 3 bits.
		     Used for quality of service.

	      Bottom of	stack (BOS), 1 bit (labeled just ``S'' above).
		     0 indicates that another MPLS label follows this one.

		     1	indicates  that	this MPLS label	is the last one	in the
		     stack, so that some other protocol	follows	this one.

	      Time to live (TTL), 8 bits.
		     Each hop across an	MPLS network decrements	the TTL	by  1.
		     If	it reaches 0, the packet is discarded.

		     OpenFlow  does not	make the MPLS TTL available as a match
		     field, but	actions	are available to set and decrement the
		     TTL. Open vSwitch 2.6 and later makes the MPLS TTL	avail-
		     able as an	extension.

   MPLS	Label Stacks
       Unlike the other	encapsulations supported by OpenFlow and Open vSwitch,
       MPLS labels are routinely used in ``stacks''  two  or  three  deep  and
       sometimes  even deeper. Open vSwitch currently supports up to three la-
       bels.

       The OpenFlow specification only supports	matching on the	outermost MPLS
       label at	any given time.	To match on the	second label, one  must	 first
       ``pop''	the  outer  label and advance to another OpenFlow table, where
       the inner label may be matched. To match	on the third label,  one  must
       pop the two outer labels, and so	on.

   MPLS	Inner Protocol
       Unlike  all other forms of encapsulation	that Open vSwitch and OpenFlow
       support,	an MPLS	label does not indicate	what inner protocol it	encap-
       sulates.	 Different deployments determine the inner protocol in differ-
       ent ways	[RFC 3032]:

	      	     A few reserved label values do indicate an	 inner	proto-
		     col. Label	0, the ``IPv4 Explicit NULL Label,'' indicates
		     inner  IPv4.  Label  2, the ``IPv6	Explicit NULL Label,''
		     indicates inner IPv6.

	      	     Some deployments use  a  single  inner  protocol  consis-
		     tently.

	      	     In	 some deployments, the inner protocol must be inferred
		     from the innermost	label.

	      	     In	some deployments, the inner protocol must be  inferred
		     from  the innermost label and the encapsulated data, e.g.
		     to	distinguish between  inner  IPv4  and  IPv6  based  on
		     whether the first nibble of the inner protocol data are 4
		     or	 6. OpenFlow and Open vSwitch do not currently support
		     these cases.

       Open vSwitch and	OpenFlow do not	infer the inner	protocol, even if  re-
       served  label  values  are in use. Instead, the flow table must specify
       the inner protocol at the time it pops the bottommost MPLS label, using
       the Ethertype argument to the pop_mpls action.

   Field Details
       MPLS Label Field
       Name:		mpls_label
       Width:		32 bits	(only the least-significant 20 bits may	be nonzero)
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	MPLS
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_MPLS_LABEL (34) since OpenFlow 1.2 and Open  vSwitch
			1.11
       NXM:		none

       The  least  significant	20 bits	hold the ``label'' field from the MPLS
       label. Other bits are zero:

	OXM_OF_MPLS_LABEL
	<--------------->
	   12	    20
       +--------+--------+
       |  zero	| label	 |
       +--------+--------+
	   0

       Most label values are available for any use by deployments. Values  un-
       der 16 are reserved.

       MPLS Traffic Class Field
       Name:		mpls_tc
       Width:		8 bits (only the least-significant 3 bits may be nonzero)
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	MPLS
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_MPLS_TC	(35)  since OpenFlow 1.2 and Open vSwitch
			1.11
       NXM:		none

       The least significant 3 bits hold the TC	field  from  the  MPLS	label.
       Other bits are zero:

	OXM_OF_MPLS_TC
	<------------>
	   5	   3
       +--------+-----+
       |  zero	| TC  |
       +--------+-----+
	   0

       This  field  is	intended  for use for Quality of Service (QoS) and Ex-
       plicit Congestion Notification purposes,	but its	particular interpreta-
       tion is deployment specific.

       Before 2009, this field was named EXP and reserved for experimental use
       [RFC 5462].

       MPLS Bottom of Stack Field
       Name:		mpls_bos
       Width:		8 bits (only the least-significant 1 bits may be nonzero)
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	MPLS
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		OXM_OF_MPLS_BOS	(36) since OpenFlow 1.3	and Open  vSwitch
			1.11
       NXM:		none

       The  least  significant	bit  holds  the	BOS field from the MPLS	label.
       Other bits are zero:

	OXM_OF_MPLS_BOS
	<------------->
	   7	   1
       +--------+------+
       |  zero	| BOS  |
       +--------+------+
	   0

       This field is useful as part of processing a series  of	incoming  MPLS
       labels.	A  flow	that includes a	pop_mpls action	should generally match
       on mpls_bos:

	      	     When mpls_bos is 0, there is another MPLS label following
		     this one, so the Ethertype	passed to pop_mpls  should  be
		     an	 MPLS Ethertype. For example: table=0, dl_type=0x8847,
		     mpls_bos=0, actions=pop_mpls:0x8847, goto_table:1

	      	     When mpls_bos is 1, this MPLS label is the	last  one,  so
		     the  Ethertype  passed  to	 pop_mpls should be a non-MPLS
		     Ethertype	 such	as   IPv4.   For   example:   table=1,
		     dl_type=0x8847,	mpls_bos=1,   actions=pop_mpls:0x0800,
		     goto_table:2

       MPLS Time-to-Live Field
       Name:		mpls_ttl
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	MPLS
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_MPLS_TTL	(30) since Open	vSwitch	2.6

       Holds the 8-bit time-to-live field from the MPLS	label:

	NXM_NX_MPLS_TTL
	<------------->
	       8
       +---------------+
       |      TTL      |
       +---------------+

LAYER 3: IPV4 AND IPV6 FIELDS
   Summary:
       Name		       Bytes		 Mask	RW?   Prereqs	  NXM/OXM Support
       ----------------------  ----------------	 -----	----  ----------  ---------------------
       ip_src aka nw_src       4		 yes	yes   IPv4	  OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       ip_dst aka nw_dst       4		 yes	yes   IPv4	  OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       ipv6_src		       16		 yes	yes   IPv6	  OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       ipv6_dst		       16		 yes	yes   IPv6	  OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       ipv6_label	       4 (low 20 bits)	 yes	yes   IPv6	  OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.4+
       nw_proto	aka ip_proto   1		 no	no    IPv4/IPv6	  OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       nw_ttl		       1		 no	yes   IPv4/IPv6	  OVS 1.4+
       ip_frag aka nw_frag     1 (low 2	bits)	 yes	no    IPv4/IPv6	  OVS 1.3+
       nw_tos		       1		 no	yes   IPv4/IPv6	  OVS 1.1+
       ip_dscp		       1 (low 6	bits)	 no	yes   IPv4/IPv6	  OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.7+
       nw_ecn aka ip_ecn       1 (low 2	bits)	 no	yes   IPv4/IPv6	  OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.4+

   IPv4	Specific Fields
       These fields are	applicable only	to IPv4	flows,	that  is,  flows  that
       match on	the IPv4 Ethertype 0x0800.

       IPv4 Source Address Field
       Name:		ip_src (aka nw_src)
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		IPv4
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	IPv4
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (CIDR match	only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes
       OXM:		OXM_OF_IPV4_SRC	 (11)  since  OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_IP_SRC (7) since	Open vSwitch 1.1

       The source address from the IPv4	header:

	  Ethernet	      IPv4
	<----------->	<--------------->
	48  48	 16	      8	  32  32
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+
       |dst|src|type | |...|proto|src|dst| ...
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+
		0x800

       For historical reasons, in an ARP or RARP flow, Open vSwitch interprets
       matches on nw_src as actually referring to the ARP SPA.

       IPv4 Destination	Address	Field
       Name:		ip_dst (aka nw_dst)
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		IPv4
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	IPv4
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (CIDR match	only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes
       OXM:		OXM_OF_IPV4_DST	 (12)  since  OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_IP_DST (8) since	Open vSwitch 1.1

       The destination address from the	IPv4 header:

	  Ethernet	      IPv4
	<----------->	<--------------->
	48  48	 16	      8	  32  32
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+
       |dst|src|type | |...|proto|src|dst| ...
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+
		0x800

       For historical reasons, in an ARP or RARP flow, Open vSwitch interprets
       matches on nw_dst as actually referring to the ARP TPA.

   IPv6	Specific Fields
       These fields apply only to IPv6 flows, that is, flows that match	on the
       IPv6 Ethertype 0x86dd.

       IPv6 Source Address Field
       Name:		ipv6_src
       Width:		128 bits
       Format:		IPv6
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	IPv6
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		OXM_OF_IPV6_SRC	 (26)  since  OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	1.1
       NXM:		NXM_NX_IPV6_SRC	(19) since Open	vSwitch	1.1

       The source address from the IPv6	header:

	   Ethernet	       IPv6
	<------------>	 <-------------->
	48  48	  16	      8	  128 128
       +---+---+------+	+---+----+---+---+
       |dst|src| type |	|...|next|src|dst| ...
       +---+---+------+	+---+----+---+---+
		0x86dd

       Open vSwitch 1.8	added support for bitwise matching;  earlier  versions
       supported only CIDR masks.

       IPv6 Destination	Address	Field
       Name:		ipv6_dst
       Width:		128 bits
       Format:		IPv6
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	IPv6
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		OXM_OF_IPV6_DST	 (27)  since  OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	1.1
       NXM:		NXM_NX_IPV6_DST	(20) since Open	vSwitch	1.1

       The destination address from the	IPv6 header:

	   Ethernet	       IPv6
	<------------>	 <-------------->
	48  48	  16	      8	  128 128
       +---+---+------+	+---+----+---+---+
       |dst|src| type |	|...|next|src|dst| ...
       +---+---+------+	+---+----+---+---+
		0x86dd

       Open vSwitch 1.8	added support for bitwise matching;  earlier  versions
       supported only CIDR masks.

       IPv6 Flow Label Field
       Name:		ipv6_label
       Width:		32 bits	(only the least-significant 20 bits may	be nonzero)
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	IPv6
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		OXM_OF_IPV6_FLABEL (28)	since OpenFlow 1.2 and Open vSwitch
			1.7
       NXM:		NXM_NX_IPV6_LABEL (27) since Open vSwitch 1.4

       The  least  significant 20 bits hold the	flow label field from the IPv6
       header. Other bits are zero:

	OXM_OF_IPV6_FLABEL
	<---------------->
	   12	    20
       +--------+---------+
       |  zero	|  label  |
       +--------+---------+
	   0

   IPv4/IPv6 Fields
       These fields exist with at least	approximately the same meaning in both
       IPv4 and	IPv6, so they are treated as a single field for	matching  pur-
       poses.  Any  flow that matches on the IPv4 Ethertype 0x0800 or the IPv6
       Ethertype 0x86dd	may match on these fields.

       IPv4/v6 Protocol	Field
       Name:		nw_proto (aka ip_proto)
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	IPv4/IPv6
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_IP_PROTO	 (10)  since  OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_IP_PROTO	(6) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       Matches the IPv4	or IPv6	protocol type.

       For historical reasons, in an ARP or RARP flow, Open vSwitch interprets
       matches	on  nw_proto  as actually referring to the ARP opcode. The ARP
       opcode is a 16-bit field, so for	matching purposes ARP opcodes  greater
       than  255  are  treated as 0; this works	adequately because in practice
       ARP and RARP only use opcodes 1 through 4.

       IPv4/v6 TTL/Hop Limit Field
       Name:		nw_ttl
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	IPv4/IPv6
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_IP_TTL (29) since Open vSwitch 1.4

       The main	reason to match	on the TTL or hop limit	 field	is  to	detect
       whether a dec_ttl action	will fail due to a TTL exceeded	error. Another
       way that	a controller can detect	TTL exceeded is	to listen for OFPR_IN-
       VALID_TTL ``packet-in'' messages	via OpenFlow.

       IPv4/v6 Fragment	Bitmask	Field
       Name:		ip_frag	(aka nw_frag)
       Width:		8 bits (only the least-significant 2 bits may be nonzero)
       Format:		frag
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	IPv4/IPv6
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_NX_IP_FRAG (26) since Open vSwitch 1.3

       Specifies  what	kinds  of  IP fragments	or non-fragments to match. The
       value for this field is most conveniently specified as one of the  fol-
       lowing:

	      no     Match only	non-fragmented packets.

	      yes    Matches all fragments.

	      first  Matches only fragments with offset	0.

	      later  Matches only fragments with nonzero offset.

	      not_later
		     Matches  non-fragmented  packets  and fragments with zero
		     offset.

       The field is internally formatted as 2 bits: bit	0 is 1 for an IP frag-
       ment with any offset (and otherwise 0), and bit 1 is 1 for an IP	 frag-
       ment with nonzero offset	(and otherwise 0), like	so:

	NXM_NX_IP_FRAG
	<------------>
	 6     1    1
       +----+-----+---+
       |zero|later|any|
       +----+-----+---+
	 0

       Even  though  2	bits have 4 possible values, this field	only uses 3 of
       them:

	      	     A packet that is not an IP	fragment has value 0.

	      	     A packet that is an IP fragment with offset 0 (the	 first
		     fragment) has bit 0 set and thus value 1.

	      	     A	packet	that is	an IP fragment with nonzero offset has
		     bits 0 and	1 set and thus value 3.

       The switch may reject matches against values that can never appear.

       It is important to understand how this field interacts with  the	 Open-
       Flow fragment handling mode:

	      	     In	 OFPC_FRAG_DROP	mode, the OpenFlow switch drops	all IP
		     fragments before they reach  the  flow  table,  so	 every
		     packet  that  is available	for matching will have value 0
		     in	this field.

	      	     Open vSwitch does not implement OFPC_FRAG_REASM mode, but
		     if	it did then IP fragments would be  reassembled	before
		     they reached the flow table and again every packet	avail-
		     able for matching would always have value 0.

	      	     In	 OFPC_FRAG_NORMAL mode,	all three values are possible,
		     but OpenFlow 1.0 says that	fragments' transport ports are
		     always 0, even for	the first fragment, so this  does  not
		     provide much extra	information.

	      	     In	 OFPC_FRAG_NX_MATCH  mode, all three values are	possi-
		     ble. For fragments	with offset 0, Open vSwitch  makes  L4
		     header information	available.

       Thus, this field	is likely to be	most useful for	an Open	vSwitch	switch
       configured  in  OFPC_FRAG_NX_MATCH  mode.  See  the  description	of the
       set-frags command in ovs-ofctl(8), for more details.

     IPv4/IPv6 TOS Fields

       IPv4 and	IPv6 contain a one-byte	``type of service'' or TOS field  that
       has the following format:

	type of	service
	<------------->
	   6	   2
       +--------+------+
       |  DSCP	| ECN  |
       +--------+------+

       IPv4/v6 DSCP (Bits 2-7) Field
       Name:		nw_tos
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	IPv4/IPv6
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXM_OF_IP_TOS (5) since	Open vSwitch 1.1

       This field is the TOS byte with the two ECN bits	cleared	to 0:

	NXM_OF_IP_TOS
	<----------->
	  6	 2
       +------+------+
       | DSCP |	zero |
       +------+------+
		 0

       IPv4/v6 DSCP (Bits 0-5) Field
       Name:		ip_dscp
       Width:		8 bits (only the least-significant 6 bits may be nonzero)
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	IPv4/IPv6
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_IP_DSCP	(8)  since  OpenFlow 1.2 and Open vSwitch
			1.7
       NXM:		none

       This field is the TOS byte shifted right	to put the DSCP	bits in	the  6
       least-significant bits:

	OXM_OF_IP_DSCP
	<------------>
	   2	  6
       +-------+------+
       | zero  | DSCP |
       +-------+------+
	   0

       IPv4/v6 ECN Field
       Name:		nw_ecn (aka ip_ecn)
       Width:		8 bits (only the least-significant 2 bits may be nonzero)
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	IPv4/IPv6
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_IP_ECN (9) since	OpenFlow 1.2 and Open vSwitch 1.7
       NXM:		NXM_NX_IP_ECN (28) since Open vSwitch 1.4

       This field is the TOS byte with the DSCP	bits cleared to	0:

	OXM_OF_IP_ECN
	<----------->
	   6	  2
       +-------+-----+
       | zero  | ECN |
       +-------+-----+
	   0

LAYER 3: ARP FIELDS
   Summary:
       Name	 Bytes	 Mask	RW?   Prereqs	NXM/OXM	Support
       --------	 ------	 -----	----  --------	---------------------
       arp_op	 2	 no	yes   ARP	OF 1.2+	and OVS	1.1+
       arp_spa	 4	 yes	yes   ARP	OF 1.2+	and OVS	1.1+
       arp_tpa	 4	 yes	yes   ARP	OF 1.2+	and OVS	1.1+
       arp_sha	 6	 yes	yes   ARP	OF 1.2+	and OVS	1.1+
       arp_tha	 6	 yes	yes   ARP	OF 1.2+	and OVS	1.1+

       In  theory,  Address Resolution Protocol, or ARP, is a generic protocol
       generic protocol	that can be used to obtain the hardware	 address  that
       corresponds  to	any higher-level protocol address. In contemporary us-
       age, ARP	is used	only in	Ethernet networks to obtain the	 Ethernet  ad-
       dress  for a given IPv4 address.	OpenFlow and Open vSwitch only support
       this usage of ARP. For this use case, an	ARP packet has	the  following
       format, with the	ARP fields exposed as Open vSwitch fields highlighted:

	  Ethernet			ARP
	<----------->	<---------------------------------->
	48  48	 16	16   16	   8   8  16 48	 32  48	 32
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+--+---+---+---+---+
       |dst|src|type | |hrd| pro |hln|pln|op|sha|spa|tha|tpa|
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+--+---+---+---+---+
		0x806	 1  0x800  6   4

       The  ARP	 fields	are also used for RARP,	the Reverse Address Resolution
       Protocol, which shares ARP's wire format.

       ARP Opcode Field
       Name:		arp_op
       Width:		16 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	ARP
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_ARP_OP (21) since OpenFlow 1.2 and Open vSwitch
			1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_ARP_OP (15) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       Even though this	is a 16-bit field, Open	vSwitch	does not  support  ARP
       opcodes greater than 255; it treats them	to zero. This works adequately
       because in practice ARP and RARP	only use opcodes 1 through 4.

       ARP Source IPv4 Address Field
       Name:		arp_spa
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		IPv4
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	ARP
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (CIDR match	only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes
       OXM:		OXM_OF_ARP_SPA	 (22)  since  OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_ARP_SPA (16) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       ARP Target IPv4 Address Field
       Name:		arp_tpa
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		IPv4
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	ARP
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (CIDR match	only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes
       OXM:		OXM_OF_ARP_TPA	(23)  since  OpenFlow  1.2  and	  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_ARP_TPA (17) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       ARP Source Ethernet Address Field
       Name:		arp_sha
       Width:		48 bits
       Format:		Ethernet
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	ARP
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		OXM_OF_ARP_SHA	 (24)  since  OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_NX_ARP_SHA (17) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       ARP Target Ethernet Address Field
       Name:		arp_tha
       Width:		48 bits
       Format:		Ethernet
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	ARP
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		OXM_OF_ARP_THA	(25)  since  OpenFlow  1.2  and	  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_NX_ARP_THA (18) since Open vSwitch 1.1
LAYER 3: NSH FIELDS
   Summary:
       Name		  Bytes		    Mask   RW?	 Prereqs   NXM/OXM Support
       -----------------  ----------------  -----  ----	 --------  ----------------
       nsh_flags	  1		    yes	   yes	 NSH	   OVS 2.8+
       nsh_ttl		  1		    no	   yes	 NSH	   OVS 2.9+
       nsh_mdtype	  1		    no	   no	 NSH	   OVS 2.8+
       nsh_np		  1		    no	   no	 NSH	   OVS 2.8+
       nsh_spi aka nsp	  4 (low 24 bits)   no	   yes	 NSH	   OVS 2.8+
       nsh_si aka nsi	  1		    no	   yes	 NSH	   OVS 2.8+
       nsh_c1 aka nshc1	  4		    yes	   yes	 NSH	   OVS 2.8+
       nsh_c2 aka nshc2	  4		    yes	   yes	 NSH	   OVS 2.8+
       nsh_c3 aka nshc3	  4		    yes	   yes	 NSH	   OVS 2.8+
       nsh_c4 aka nshc4	  4		    yes	   yes	 NSH	   OVS 2.8+

       Service	functions  are widely deployed and essential in	many networks.
       These service functions provide a range of features such	 as  security,
       WAN  acceleration,  and server load balancing. Service functions	may be
       instantiated at different points	in the network infrastructure such  as
       the wide	area network, data center, and so forth.

       Prior  to development of	the SFC	architecture [RFC 7665]	and the	proto-
       col specified in	this document,	current	 service  function  deployment
       models  have been relatively static and bound to	topology for insertion
       and policy selection. Furthermore, they do not adapt  well  to  elastic
       service environments enabled by virtualization.

       New  data  center network and cloud architectures require more flexible
       service function	deployment models.  Additionally,  the	transition  to
       virtual	platforms  demands  an agile service insertion model that sup-
       ports dynamic and elastic service delivery. Specifically, the following
       functions are necessary:

	      1.  The movement of service functions and	application  workloads
		  in the network.

	      2.  The ability to easily	bind service policy to granular	infor-
		  mation, such as per-subscriber state.

	      3.  The  capability  to  steer  traffic to the requisite service
		  function(s).

       The Network Service Header (NSH)	specification defines a	new data plane
       protocol, which is an encapsulation for service	function  chains.  The
       NSH is designed to encapsulate an original packet or frame, and in turn
       be  encapsulated	 by an outer transport encapsulation (which is used to
       deliver the NSH to NSH-aware network elements), as shown	below:

       +-----------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
       |Transport Encapsulation|Network	Service	Header (NSH)|Original Packet/Frame|
       +-----------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+

       The NSH is composed of the following elements:

	      1.  Service Function Path	identification.

	      2.  Indication of	location within	a Service Function Path.

	      3.  Optional, per	packet metadata	(fixed length or variable).

       [RFC 7665] provides an overview of a service chaining architecture that
       clearly defines the roles of the	various	elements and the  scope	 of  a
       service function	chaining encapsulation.	Figure 3 of [RFC 7665] depicts
       the  SFC	 architectural components after	classification.	The NSH	is the
       SFC encapsulation referenced in [RFC 7665].

       flags field (2 bits) Field
       Name:		nsh_flags
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	NSH
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_NSH_FLAGS	(1) since Open vSwitch 2.8

       TTL field (6 bits) Field
       Name:		nsh_ttl
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	NSH
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_NSH_TTL (10) since Open vSwitch 2.9

       mdtype field (8 bits) Field
       Name:		nsh_mdtype
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	NSH
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_NSH_MDTYPE (2) since Open	vSwitch	2.8

       np (next	protocol) field	(8 bits) Field
       Name:		nsh_np
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	NSH
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_NSH_NP (3) since Open vSwitch 2.8

       spi (service path identifier) field (24 bits) Field
       Name:		nsh_spi	(aka nsp)
       Width:		32 bits	(only the least-significant 24 bits may	be nonzero)
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	NSH
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_NSH_SPI (4) since	Open vSwitch 2.8

       si (service index) field	(8 bits) Field
       Name:		nsh_si (aka nsi)
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	NSH
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_NSH_SI (5) since Open vSwitch 2.8

       c1 (Network Platform Context) field (32 bits) Field
       Name:		nsh_c1 (aka nshc1)
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	NSH
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_NSH_C1 (6) since Open vSwitch 2.8

       c2 (Network Shared Context) field (32 bits) Field
       Name:		nsh_c2 (aka nshc2)
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	NSH
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_NSH_C2 (7) since Open vSwitch 2.8

       c3 (Service Platform Context) field (32 bits) Field
       Name:		nsh_c3 (aka nshc3)
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	NSH
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_NSH_C3 (8) since Open vSwitch 2.8

       c4 (Service Shared Context) field (32 bits) Field
       Name:		nsh_c4 (aka nshc4)
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		hexadecimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	NSH
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		NXOXM_NSH_C4 (9) since Open vSwitch 2.8
LAYER 4: TCP, UDP, AND SCTP FIELDS
   Summary:
       Name		    Bytes	      Mask   RW?   Prereqs   NXM/OXM Support
       -------------------  ----------------  -----  ----  --------  ---------------------
       tcp_src aka tp_src   2		      yes    yes   TCP	     OF	1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       tcp_dst aka tp_dst   2		      yes    yes   TCP	     OF	1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       tcp_flags	    2 (low 12 bits)   yes    no	   TCP	     OF	1.3+ and OVS 2.1+
       udp_src		    2		      yes    yes   UDP	     OF	1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       udp_dst		    2		      yes    yes   UDP	     OF	1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       sctp_src		    2		      yes    yes   SCTP	     OF	1.2+ and OVS 2.0+
       sctp_dst		    2		      yes    yes   SCTP	     OF	1.2+ and OVS 2.0+

       For matching purposes, no distinction is	made whether  these  protocols
       are encapsulated	within IPv4 or IPv6.

   TCP
       The following diagram shows TCP within IPv4. Open vSwitch also supports
       TCP  in	IPv6.  Only  TCP fields	implemented as Open vSwitch fields are
       shown:

	  Ethernet	      IPv4		     TCP
	<----------->	<--------------->   <------------------->
	48  48	 16	      8	  32  32    16	16	 12
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+ +---+---+---+-----+---+
       |dst|src|type | |...|proto|src|dst| |src|dst|...|flags|...| ...
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+ +---+---+---+-----+---+
		0x800	      6

       TCP Source Port Field
       Name:		tcp_src	(aka tp_src)
       Width:		16 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	TCP
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_TCP_SRC	(13)  since  OpenFlow  1.2  and	  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_TCP_SRC (9) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       Open vSwitch 1.6	added support for bitwise matching.

       TCP Destination Port Field
       Name:		tcp_dst	(aka tp_dst)
       Width:		16 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	TCP
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_TCP_DST	 (14)  since  OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_TCP_DST (10) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       Open vSwitch 1.6	added support for bitwise matching.

       TCP Flags Field
       Name:		tcp_flags
       Width:		16 bits	(only the least-significant 12 bits may	be nonzero)
       Format:		TCP flags
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	TCP
       Access:		read-only
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		ONFOXM_ET_TCP_FLAGS  (42)  since  OpenFlow  1.3	 and   Open
			vSwitch	 2.4;  OXM_OF_TCP_FLAGS	(42) since OpenFlow 1.5	and
			Open vSwitch 2.3
       NXM:		NXM_NX_TCP_FLAGS (34) since Open vSwitch 2.1

       This field holds	the TCP	flags. TCP currently defines 9 flag  bits.  An
       additional  3  bits  are	reserved. For more information,	see [RFC 793],
       [RFC 3168], and [RFC 3540].

       Matches on this field are most conveniently written in  terms  of  sym-
       bolic names (given in the diagram below), each preceded by either + for
       a  flag	that  must be set, or -	for a flag that	must be	unset, without
       any other delimiters between the	flags. Flags not mentioned  are	 wild-
       carded.	For  example, tcp,tcp_flags=+syn-ack matches TCP SYNs that are
       not ACKs, and tcp,tcp_flags=+[200] matches TCP  packets	with  the  re-
       served [200] flag set. Matches can also be written as flags/mask, where
       flags and mask are 16-bit numbers in decimal or in hexadecimal prefixed
       by 0x.

       The flag	bits are:

		 reserved      later RFCs	  RFC 793
	     <---------------> <--------> <--------------------->
	 4     1     1	   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1
       +----+-----+-----+-----+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
       |zero|[800]|[400]|[200]|NS|CWR|ECE|URG|ACK|PSH|RST|SYN|FIN|
       +----+-----+-----+-----+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
	 0

   UDP
       The following diagram shows UDP within IPv4. Open vSwitch also supports
       UDP  in	IPv6.  Only UDP	fields that Open vSwitch exposes as fields are
       shown:

	  Ethernet	      IPv4		UDP
	<----------->	<--------------->   <--------->
	48  48	 16	      8	  32  32    16	16
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+ +---+---+---+
       |dst|src|type | |...|proto|src|dst| |src|dst|...| ...
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+ +---+---+---+
		0x800	     17

       UDP Source Port Field
       Name:		udp_src
       Width:		16 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	UDP
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_UDP_SRC	(15)  since  OpenFlow  1.2  and	  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_UDP_SRC (11) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       UDP Destination Port Field
       Name:		udp_dst
       Width:		16 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	UDP
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_UDP_DST	 (16)  since  OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_UDP_DST (12) since Open vSwitch 1.1

   SCTP
       The following diagram shows SCTP	within IPv4. Open  vSwitch  also  sup-
       ports  SCTP  in	IPv6.  Only  SCTP  fields that Open vSwitch exposes as
       fields are shown:

	  Ethernet	      IPv4	       SCTP
	<----------->	<--------------->   <--------->
	48  48	 16	      8	  32  32    16	16
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+ +---+---+---+
       |dst|src|type | |...|proto|src|dst| |src|dst|...| ...
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+ +---+---+---+
		0x800	     132

       SCTP Source Port	Field
       Name:		sctp_src
       Width:		16 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	SCTP
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_SCTP_SRC	 (17)  since  OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	2.0
       NXM:		none

       SCTP Destination	Port Field
       Name:		sctp_dst
       Width:		16 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	SCTP
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_SCTP_DST	 (18)  since  OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	2.0
       NXM:		none
LAYER 4: ICMPV4	AND ICMPV6 FIELDS
   Summary:
       Name		 Bytes	 Mask	RW?   Prereqs	   NXM/OXM Support
       ----------------	 ------	 -----	----  -----------  ---------------------
       icmp_type	 1	 no	yes   ICMPv4	   OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       icmp_code	 1	 no	yes   ICMPv4	   OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       icmpv6_type	 1	 no	yes   ICMPv6	   OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       icmpv6_code	 1	 no	yes   ICMPv6	   OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       nd_target	 16	 yes	yes   ND	   OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       nd_sll		 6	 yes	yes   ND solicit   OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       nd_tll		 6	 yes	yes   ND advert	   OF 1.2+ and OVS 1.1+
       nd_reserved	 4	 no	yes   ND	   OVS 2.11+
       nd_options_type	 1	 no	yes   ND	   OVS 2.11+

   ICMPv4
	  Ethernet	      IPv4	       ICMPv4
	<----------->	<--------------->   <----------->
	48  48	 16	      8	  32  32     8	  8
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+ +----+----+---+
       |dst|src|type | |...|proto|src|dst| |type|code|...| ...
       +---+---+-----+ +---+-----+---+---+ +----+----+---+
		0x800	      1

       ICMPv4 Type Field
       Name:		icmp_type
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	ICMPv4
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_ICMPV4_TYPE (19)	since OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_ICMP_TYPE (13) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       For  historical	reasons,  in  an  ICMPv4 flow, Open vSwitch interprets
       matches on tp_src as actually referring to the ICMP type.

       ICMPv4 Code Field
       Name:		icmp_code
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	ICMPv4
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	yes (exact match only)
       OpenFlow	1.1:	yes (exact match only)
       OXM:		OXM_OF_ICMPV4_CODE (20)	since OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_OF_ICMP_CODE (14) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       For  historical	reasons,  in  an  ICMPv4 flow, Open vSwitch interprets
       matches on tp_dst as actually referring to the ICMP code.

   ICMPv6
	   Ethernet	       IPv6	       ICMPv6
	<------------>	 <-------------->   <----------->
	48  48	  16	      8	  128 128    8	  8
       +---+---+------+	+---+----+---+---+ +----+----+---+
       |dst|src| type |	|...|next|src|dst| |type|code|...| ...
       +---+---+------+	+---+----+---+---+ +----+----+---+
		0x86dd	      58

       ICMPv6 Type Field
       Name:		icmpv6_type
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	ICMPv6
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		OXM_OF_ICMPV6_TYPE (29)	since OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_NX_ICMPV6_TYPE (21)	since Open vSwitch 1.1

       ICMPv6 Code Field
       Name:		icmpv6_code
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	ICMPv6
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		OXM_OF_ICMPV6_CODE  (30)  since	 OpenFlow 1.2 and Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_NX_ICMPV6_CODE (22)	since Open vSwitch 1.1

   ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery
	   Ethernet	       IPv6		 ICMPv6		   ICMPv6 ND
	<------------>	 <-------------->   <-------------->   <--------------->
	48  48	  16	      8	  128 128      8     8		128
       +---+---+------+	+---+----+---+---+ +-------+----+---+ +------+----------+
       |dst|src| type |	|...|next|src|dst| | type  |code|...| |target|option ...|
       +---+---+------+	+---+----+---+---+ +-------+----+---+ +------+----------+
		0x86dd	      58	    135/136  0

       ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery Target	IPv6 Field
       Name:		nd_target
       Width:		128 bits
       Format:		IPv6
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	ND
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		OXM_OF_IPV6_ND_TARGET (31) since OpenFlow 1.2 and Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_NX_ND_TARGET (23) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery Source	Ethernet Address Field
       Name:		nd_sll
       Width:		48 bits
       Format:		Ethernet
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	ND solicit
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		OXM_OF_IPV6_ND_SLL (32)	since OpenFlow	1.2  and  Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_NX_ND_SLL (24) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery Target	Ethernet Address Field
       Name:		nd_tll
       Width:		48 bits
       Format:		Ethernet
       Masking:		arbitrary bitwise masks
       Prerequisites:	ND advert
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		OXM_OF_IPV6_ND_TLL  (33)  since	 OpenFlow 1.2 and Open
			vSwitch	1.7
       NXM:		NXM_NX_ND_TLL (25) since Open vSwitch 1.1

       ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery Reserved Field	Field
       Name:		nd_reserved
       Width:		32 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	ND
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		ERICOXM_OF_ICMPV6_ND_RESERVED (1) since	 Open  vSwitch
			2.11

       This is used to set the R,S,O bits in Neighbor Advertisement Messages

       ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery Options Type Field Field
       Name:		nd_options_type
       Width:		8 bits
       Format:		decimal
       Masking:		not maskable
       Prerequisites:	ND
       Access:		read/write
       OpenFlow	1.0:	not supported
       OpenFlow	1.1:	not supported
       OXM:		none
       NXM:		ERICOXM_OF_ICMPV6_ND_OPTIONS_TYPE   (2)	  since	  Open
			vSwitch	2.11

       A value of 1 indicates that the option is Source	Link Layer. A value of
       2 indicates that	the options is Target Link Layer.  See	RFC  4861  for
       further details.

REFERENCES
	      Casado M.	Casado,	M. J. Freedman,	J. Pettit, J. Luo, N. McKeown,
		     and  S.  Shenker,	``Ethane: Taking Control of the	Enter-
		     prise,'' Computer Communications Review, October 2007.

	      ERSPAN M.	Foschiano, K. Ghosh, M.	Mehta, ``Cisco Systems'	Encap-
		     sulated Remote Switch Port	Analyzer (ERSPAN),'' <https://
		     tools.ietf.org/html/draft-foschiano-erspan-03> .

	      EXT-56 J.	Tonsing, ``Permit one of a set of prerequisites	to ap-
		     ply, e.g. don't preclude non-Ethernet media,'' <https://
		     rs.opennetworking.org/bugs/browse/EXT-56>	(ONF   members
		     only).

	      EXT-112
		     J.	 Tourrilhes, ``Support non-Ethernet packets throughout
		     the pipeline,'' <https://rs.opennetworking.org/bugs/
		     browse/EXT-112> (ONF members only).

	      EXT-134
		     J.	Tourrilhes, ``Match first  nibble  of  the  MPLS  pay-
		     load,'' <https://rs.opennetworking.org/bugs/browse/
		     EXT-134> (ONF members only).

	      Geneve J.	 Gross,	 I.  Ganga, and	T. Sridhar, editors, ``Geneve:
		     Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation,'' <https://
		     datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-nvo3-geneve/> .

	      IEEE OUI
		     IEEE Standards Association,  ``MAC	 Address  Block	 Large
		     (MA-L),'' <https://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/
		     oui/index.html> .

	      NSH    P.	  Quinn	 and  U.  Elzur,  editors,  ``Network  Service
		     Header,'' <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/
		     draft-ietf-sfc-nsh/> .

	      OpenFlow 1.0.1
		     Open Networking  Foundation,  ``OpenFlow  Switch  Errata,
		     Version 1.0.1,'' June 2012.

	      OpenFlow 1.1
		     OpenFlow Consortium, ``OpenFlow Switch Specification Ver-
		     sion  1.1.0  Implemented (Wire Protocol 0x02),'' February
		     2011.

	      OpenFlow 1.5
		     Open Networking Foundation, ``OpenFlow Switch  Specifica-
		     tion  Version  1.5.0  (Protocol version 0x06),'' December
		     2014.

	      OpenFlow Extensions 1.3.x	Package	2
		     Open Networking Foundation, ``OpenFlow  Extensions	 1.3.x
		     Package 2,'' December 2013.

	      TCP Flags	Match Field Extension
		     Open  Networking  Foundation, ``TCP flags match field Ex-
		     tension,''	December 2014. In [OpenFlow  Extensions	 1.3.x
		     Package 2].

	      Pepelnjak
		     I.	Pepelnjak, ``OpenFlow and Fermi	Estimates,'' <http://
		     blog.ipspace.net/2013/09/openflow-and-fermi-esti-
		     mates.html> .

	      RFC 793
		     ``Transmission Control Protocol,''	<http://www.ietf.org/
		     rfc/rfc793.txt> .

	      RFC 3032
		     E.	 Rosen,	 D.  Tappan, G.	Fedorkow, Y. Rekhter, D. Fari-
		     nacci, T. Li, and A. Conta,  ``MPLS  Label	 Stack	Encod-
		     ing,'' <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3032.txt> .

	      RFC 3168
		     K.	 Ramakrishnan,	S. Floyd, and D. Black,	``The Addition
		     of	Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP,''
		     <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3168> .

	      RFC 3540
		     N.	Spring,	D. Wetherall, and D.  Ely,  ``Robust  Explicit
		     Congestion	Notification (ECN) Signaling with Nonces,''
		     <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3540> .

	      RFC 4632
		     V.	 Fuller	 and  T.  Li, ``Classless Inter-domain Routing
		     (CIDR): The Internet Address Assignment  and  Aggregation
		     Plan,'' <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4632> .

	      RFC 5462
		     L.	 Andersson and R. Asati, ``Multiprotocol Label Switch-
		     ing (MPLS)	Label Stack Entry: ``EXP''  Field  Renamed  to
		     ``Traffic Class'' Field,''	<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/
		     rfc5462.txt> .

	      RFC 6830
		     D.	 Farinacci,  V.	 Fuller, D. Meyer, and D. Lewis, ``The
		     Locator/ID	Separation Protocol (LISP),'' <http://
		     www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6830.txt> .

	      RFC 7348
		     M.	Mahalingam, D. Dutt, K.	Duda, P. Agarwal, L.  Kreeger,
		     T.	Sridhar, M. Bursell, and C. Wright, ``Virtual eXtensi-
		     ble  Local	Area Network (VXLAN): A	Framework for Overlay-
		     ing Virtualized Layer 2 Networks over Layer  3  Networks,
		     ''	<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7348> .

	      RFC 7665
		     J.	Halpern, Ed. and C. Pignataro, Ed., ``Service Function
		     Chaining (SFC) Architecture,'' <https://tools.ietf.org/
		     html/rfc7665> .

	      Srinivasan
		     V.	 Srinivasan, S.	Suriy, and G. Varghese,	``Packet Clas-
		     sification	using Tuple Space Search,'' SIGCOMM 1999.

	      Pagiamtzis
		     K.	Pagiamtzis and A.  Sheikholeslami,  ``Content-address-
		     able  memory (CAM)	circuits and architectures: A tutorial
		     and survey,'' IEEE	Journal	of Solid-State Circuits,  vol.
		     41, no. 3,	pp. 712-727, March 2006.

	      VXLAN Group Policy Option
		     M.	 Smith and L. Kreeger, `` VXLAN	Group Policy Option.''
		     Internet-Draft.  <https://tools.ietf.org/html/
		     draft-smith-vxlan-group-policy> .

AUTHORS
       Ben Pfaff, with advice from Justin Pettit and Jean Tourrilhes.

Open vSwitch			    2.17.12			 ovs-fields(7)

Want to link to this manual page? Use this URL:
<https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ovs-fields&sektion=7&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports+14.3.quarterly>

home | help