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ovs-vswitchd(8)		      Open vSwitch Manual	       ovs-vswitchd(8)

NAME
       ovs-vswitchd - Open vSwitch daemon

SYNOPSIS
       ovs-vswitchd [database]

DESCRIPTION
       A  daemon that manages and controls any number of Open vSwitch switches
       on the local machine.

       The  database  argument	specifies   how	  ovs-vswitchd	 connects   to
       ovsdb-server.   database	 may  be an OVSDB active or passive connection
       method, as described in ovsdb(7).  The default  is  unix:/var/run/open-
       vswitch/db.sock.

       ovs-vswitchd  retrieves its configuration from database at startup.  It
       sets up Open vSwitch datapaths and then operates	switching across  each
       bridge  described in its	configuration files.  As the database changes,
       ovs-vswitchd automatically updates its configuration to match.

       ovs-vswitchd switches may be configured with any	of the following  fea-
       tures:

             L2 switching with	MAC learning.

             NIC  bonding  with  automatic  fail-over and source MAC-based TX
	      load balancing ("SLB").

             802.1Q VLAN support.

             Port mirroring, with optional VLAN tagging.

             NetFlow v5 flow logging.

             sFlow(R) monitoring.

             Connectivity to an external OpenFlow controller, such as NOX.

       Only a single instance of ovs-vswitchd is intended to run at a time.  A
       single ovs-vswitchd can manage any number of switch  instances,	up  to
       the maximum number of supported Open vSwitch datapaths.

       ovs-vswitchd  does  all	the necessary management of Open vSwitch data-
       paths itself.  Thus, ovs-dpctl(8) (and its userspace datapath  counter-
       parts  accessible  via  ovs-appctl  dpctl/command)  are not needed with
       ovs-vswitchd and	should not be used because they	can interfere with its
       operation.  These tools are still useful	for diagnostics.

       An Open vSwitch datapath	kernel module must be loaded for  ovs-vswitchd
       to  be  useful.	 Refer to the documentation for	instructions on	how to
       build and load the Open vSwitch kernel module.

OPTIONS
       --mlockall
	      Causes ovs-vswitchd to call the mlockall() function, to  attempt
	      to  lock all of its process memory into physical RAM, preventing
	      the kernel from paging any of its	memory to disk.	 This helps to
	      avoid networking interruptions due to system memory pressure.

	      Some systems do not support mlockall() at	all, and other systems
	      only allow privileged users, such	as the superuser, to  use  it.
	      ovs-vswitchd emits a log message if mlockall() is	unavailable or
	      unsuccessful.

   DPDK	Options
       For  details  on	 initializing ovs-vswitchd to use DPDK ports, refer to
       the documentation or ovs-vswitchd.conf.db(5).

   Daemon Options
       The following options are valid on POSIX	based platforms.

       --pidfile[=pidfile]
	      Causes a file (by	default, ovs-vswitchd.pid) to be created indi-
	      cating the PID of	the running process.  If the pidfile  argument
	      is  not  specified,  or  if it does not begin with /, then it is
	      created in /var/run/openvswitch.

	      If --pidfile is not specified, no	pidfile	is created.

       --overwrite-pidfile
	      By default, when --pidfile is specified and the  specified  pid-
	      file  already  exists  and  is  locked  by  a  running  process,
	      ovs-vswitchd refuses to start.  Specify  --overwrite-pidfile  to
	      cause it to instead overwrite the	pidfile.

	      When --pidfile is	not specified, this option has no effect.

       --detach
	      Runs  ovs-vswitchd  as a background process.  The	process	forks,
	      and in the child it starts a new session,	 closes	 the  standard
	      file descriptors (which has the side effect of disabling logging
	      to  the  console), and changes its current directory to the root
	      (unless --no-chdir is specified).	 After the child completes its
	      initialization, the parent exits.	  ovs-vswitchd	detaches  only
	      after  it	 has  connected	to the database, retrieved the initial
	      configuration, and set up	that configuration.

       --monitor
	      Creates an additional process to monitor the  ovs-vswitchd  dae-
	      mon.   If	 the daemon dies due to	a signal that indicates	a pro-
	      gramming error (SIGABRT, SIGALRM,	SIGBUS,	SIGFPE,	 SIGILL,  SIG-
	      PIPE,  SIGSEGV,  SIGXCPU,	 or  SIGXFSZ) then the monitor process
	      starts a new copy	of it.	If the daemon dies or  exits  for  an-
	      other reason, the	monitor	process	exits.

	      This  option  is	normally used with --detach, but it also func-
	      tions without it.

       --no-chdir
	      By default, when --detach	is specified, ovs-vswitchd changes its
	      current working directory	to the root  directory	after  it  de-
	      taches.  Otherwise, invoking ovs-vswitchd	from a carelessly cho-
	      sen  directory  would  prevent the administrator from unmounting
	      the file system that holds that directory.

	      Specifying  --no-chdir  suppresses  this	behavior,   preventing
	      ovs-vswitchd  from changing its current working directory.  This
	      may be useful for	collecting core	files, since it	is common  be-
	      havior  to  write	 core dumps into the current working directory
	      and the root directory is	not a good directory to	use.

	      This option has no effect	when --detach is not specified.

       --no-self-confinement
	      By default daemon	will try to self-confine itself	to  work  with
	      files  under well-known directories determined during build.  It
	      is better	to stick with this default behavior  and  not  to  use
	      this  flag  unless  some other Access Control is used to confine
	      daemon.  Note that in contrast to	other access control implemen-
	      tations that are typically enforced from kernel-space (e.g.  DAC
	      or  MAC),	self-confinement is imposed from the user-space	daemon
	      itself and hence should not be considered	as a full  confinement
	      strategy,	but instead should be viewed as	an additional layer of
	      security.

       --user Causes  ovs-vswitchd  to	run  as	 a different user specified in
	      "user:group", thus dropping most of the root  privileges.	 Short
	      forms "user" and ":group"	are also allowed, with current user or
	      group are	assumed	respectively. Only daemons started by the root
	      user accepts this	argument.

	      On   Linux,   daemons   will   be	  granted   CAP_IPC_LOCK   and
	      CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICES before dropping root  privileges.  Daemons
	      that  interact  with  a  datapath, such as ovs-vswitchd, will be
	      granted three  additional	 capabilities,	namely	CAP_NET_ADMIN,
	      CAP_NET_BROADCAST	 and  CAP_NET_RAW.  The	capability change will
	      apply even if the	new user is root.

	      On Windows, this option is not currently supported. For security
	      reasons, specifying this option will cause  the  daemon  process
	      not to start.

   Service Options
       The following options are valid only on Windows platform.

       --service
	      Causes  ovs-vswitchd  to run as a	service	in the background. The
	      service should already have been created through external	 tools
	      like SC.exe.

       --service-monitor
	      Causes the ovs-vswitchd service to be automatically restarted by
	      the  Windows  services  manager if the service dies or exits for
	      unexpected reasons.

	      When --service is	not specified, this option has no effect.

   Public Key Infrastructure Options
       -p privkey.pem
       --private-key=privkey.pem
	      Specifies	 a  PEM	 file  containing  the	private	 key  used  as
	      ovs-vswitchd's identity for outgoing SSL connections.

       -c cert.pem
       --certificate=cert.pem
	      Specifies	a PEM file containing a	certificate that certifies the
	      private  key specified on	-p or --private-key to be trustworthy.
	      The certificate must be signed by	the certificate	authority (CA)
	      that the peer in SSL connections will use	to verify it.

       -C cacert.pem
       --ca-cert=cacert.pem
	      Specifies	 a  PEM	 file  containing  the	CA  certificate	  that
	      ovs-vswitchd  should  use	to verify certificates presented to it
	      by SSL peers.  (This may be the same certificate that SSL	 peers
	      use  to verify the certificate specified on -c or	--certificate,
	      or it may	be a different one, depending on  the  PKI  design  in
	      use.)

       -C none
       --ca-cert=none
	      Disables	verification  of  certificates presented by SSL	peers.
	      This introduces a	security risk, because it means	that  certifi-
	      cates cannot be verified to be those of known trusted hosts.

       --bootstrap-ca-cert=cacert.pem
	      When cacert.pem exists, this option has the same effect as -C or
	      --ca-cert.  If it	does not exist,	then ovs-vswitchd will attempt
	      to  obtain the CA	certificate from the SSL peer on its first SSL
	      connection and save it to	the named PEM file.  If	it is success-
	      ful, it will immediately drop the	connection and reconnect,  and
	      from then	on all SSL connections must be authenticated by	a cer-
	      tificate signed by the CA	certificate thus obtained.

	      This  option  exposes  the SSL connection	to a man-in-the-middle
	      attack obtaining the initial CA certificate, but it may be  use-
	      ful for bootstrapping.

	      This option is only useful if the	SSL peer sends its CA certifi-
	      cate  as	part  of  the SSL certificate chain.  The SSL protocol
	      does not require the server to send the CA certificate.

	      This option is mutually exclusive	with -C	and --ca-cert.

       --peer-ca-cert=peer-cacert.pem
	      Specifies	a PEM file that	contains one or	more  additional  cer-
	      tificates	 to  send to SSL peers.	 peer-cacert.pem should	be the
	      CA certificate used to sign ovs-vswitchd's own certificate, that
	      is, the  certificate  specified  on  -c  or  --certificate.   If
	      ovs-vswitchd's  certificate  is  self-signed, then --certificate
	      and --peer-ca-cert should	specify	the same file.

	      This option is not useful	in normal operation, because  the  SSL
	      peer  must  already have the CA certificate for the peer to have
	      any confidence in	ovs-vswitchd's identity.  However, this	offers
	      a	way for	a new installation to bootstrap	the CA certificate  on
	      its first	SSL connection.

   Logging Options
       -v[spec]
       --verbose=[spec]
	      Sets  logging  levels.  Without any spec,	sets the log level for
	      every module and destination to dbg.  Otherwise, spec is a  list
	      of words separated by spaces or commas or	colons,	up to one from
	      each category below:

	      	     A	valid  module name, as displayed by the	vlog/list com-
		     mand on ovs-appctl(8), limits the log level change	to the
		     specified module.

	      	     syslog, console, or file, to limit	the log	 level	change
		     to	 only to the system log, to the	console, or to a file,
		     respectively.  (If	--detach  is  specified,  ovs-vswitchd
		     closes  its  standard file	descriptors, so	logging	to the
		     console will have no effect.)

		     On	Windows	platform, syslog is accepted as	a word and  is
		     only  useful  along  with the --syslog-target option (the
		     word has no effect	otherwise).

	      	     off, emer,	err, warn, info, or dbg, to  control  the  log
		     level.   Messages of the given severity or	higher will be
		     logged, and messages of lower severity will  be  filtered
		     out.   off	 filters  out all messages.  See ovs-appctl(8)
		     for a definition of each log level.

	      Case is not significant within spec.

	      Regardless of the	log levels set for file,  logging  to  a  file
	      will not take place unless --log-file is also specified (see be-
	      low).

	      For compatibility	with older versions of OVS, any	is accepted as
	      a	word but has no	effect.

       -v
       --verbose
	      Sets  the	 maximum logging verbosity level, equivalent to	--ver-
	      bose=dbg.

       -vPATTERN:destination:pattern
       --verbose=PATTERN:destination:pattern
	      Sets the log pattern  for	 destination  to  pattern.   Refer  to
	      ovs-appctl(8) for	a description of the valid syntax for pattern.

       -vFACILITY:facility
       --verbose=FACILITY:facility
	      Sets  the	 RFC5424  facility of the log message. facility	can be
	      one of kern, user, mail, daemon, auth, syslog, lpr, news,	 uucp,
	      clock,  ftp,  ntp, audit,	alert, clock2, local0, local1, local2,
	      local3, local4, local5, local6 or	local7.	If this	option is  not
	      specified,  daemon  is  used as the default for the local	system
	      syslog and local0	is used	while sending a	message	to the	target
	      provided via the --syslog-target option.

       --log-file[=file]
	      Enables  logging	to  a  file.  If file is specified, then it is
	      used as the exact	name for the log file.	The default  log  file
	      name    used    if    file    is	 omitted   is	/var/log/open-
	      vswitch/ovs-vswitchd.log.

       --syslog-target=host:port
	      Send syslog messages to UDP port on host,	 in  addition  to  the
	      system  syslog.	The host must be a numerical IP	address, not a
	      hostname.

       --syslog-method=method
	      Specify method how syslog	messages should	be sent	to syslog dae-
	      mon.  Following forms are	supported:

	      	     libc, use libc syslog() function.	Downside of using this
		     options is	that libc adds fixed prefix to	every  message
		     before  it	 is  actually  sent  to	the syslog daemon over
		     /dev/log UNIX domain socket.

	      	     unix:file,	use UNIX domain	socket directly.  It is	possi-
		     ble to specify arbitrary message format with this option.
		     However, rsyslogd 8.9 and older versions use  hard	 coded
		     parser  function  anyway  that  limits UNIX domain	socket
		     use.  If you want to use arbitrary	 message  format  with
		     older rsyslogd versions, then use UDP socket to localhost
		     IP	address	instead.

	      	     udp:ip:port, use UDP socket.  With	this method it is pos-
		     sible  to	use  arbitrary	message	format also with older
		     rsyslogd.	When sending syslog messages over  UDP	socket
		     extra  precaution needs to	be taken into account, for ex-
		     ample, syslog daemon needs	to be configured to listen  on
		     the  specified  UDP port, accidental iptables rules could
		     be	interfering with local syslog traffic  and  there  are
		     some  security  considerations that apply to UDP sockets,
		     but do not	apply to UNIX domain sockets.

	      	     null, discards all	messages logged	to syslog.

	      The default is  taken  from  the	OVS_SYSLOG_METHOD  environment
	      variable;	if it is unset,	the default is libc.

   Other Options
       --unixctl=socket
	      Sets  the	 name of the control socket on which ovs-vswitchd lis-
	      tens for runtime management  commands  (see  RUNTIME  MANAGEMENT
	      COMMANDS,	below).	 If socket does	not begin with /, it is	inter-
	      preted as	relative to /var/run/openvswitch.  If --unixctl	is not
	      used    at   all,	  the	default	  socket   is	/var/run/open-
	      vswitch/ovs-vswitchd.pid.ctl,  where   pid   is	ovs-vswitchd's
	      process ID.

	      On Windows a local named pipe is used to listen for runtime man-
	      agement  commands.   A  file  is created in the absolute path as
	      pointed by socket	or if --unixctl	is not used at all, a file  is
	      created  as ovs-vswitchd.ctl in the configured OVS_RUNDIR	direc-
	      tory.  The file exists just to mimic the behavior	of a Unix  do-
	      main socket.

	      Specifying none for socket disables the control socket feature.

       -h
       --help Prints a brief help message to the console.

       -V
       --version
	      Prints version information to the	console.

RUNTIME	MANAGEMENT COMMANDS
       ovs-appctl(8) can send commands to a running ovs-vswitchd process.  The
       currently supported commands are	described below.  The command descrip-
       tions assume an understanding of	how to configure Open vSwitch.

   GENERAL COMMANDS
       exit --cleanup
	      Causes  ovs-vswitchd  to	gracefully  terminate. If --cleanup is
	      specified, deletes flows from datapaths and releases other data-
	      path resources configured	by ovs-vswitchd.  Otherwise,  datapath
	      flows and	other resources	remains	undeleted.  Resources of data-
	      paths  that  are	integrated into	ovs-vswitchd (e.g.  the	netdev
	      datapath type) are always	released regardless of	--cleanup  ex-
	      cept  for	ports with internal type. Use --cleanup	to release in-
	      ternal ports too.

       qos/show-types interface
	      Queries the interface for	a list of  Quality  of	Service	 types
	      that are configurable via	Open vSwitch for the given interface.

       qos/show	interface
	      Queries the kernel for Quality of	Service	configuration and sta-
	      tistics associated with the given	interface.

       bfd/show	[interface]
	      Displays detailed	information about Bidirectional	Forwarding De-
	      tection configured on interface.	If interface is	not specified,
	      then displays detailed information about all interfaces with BFD
	      enabled.

       bfd/set-forwarding [interface] status
	      Force  the  fault	 status	of the BFD module on interface (or all
	      interfaces if none is  given)  to	 be  status.   status  can  be
	      "true",  "false",	 or "normal" which reverts to the standard be-
	      havior.

       cfm/show	[interface]
	      Displays detailed	information about Connectivity	Fault  Manage-
	      ment  configured	on  interface.	If interface is	not specified,
	      then displays detailed information about all interfaces with CFM
	      enabled.

       cfm/set-fault [interface] status
	      Force the	fault status of	the CFM	module on  interface  (or  all
	      interfaces  if  none  is	given)	to  be	status.	 status	can be
	      "true", "false", or "normal" which reverts to the	 standard  be-
	      havior.

       stp/tcn [bridge]
	      Forces  a	 topology  change event	on bridge if it's running STP.
	      This may cause it	to send	Topology Change	Notifications  to  its
	      peers  and flush its MAC table.  If no bridge is given, forces a
	      topology change event on all bridges.

       stp/show	[bridge]
	      Displays detailed	information about spanning tree	on the bridge.
	      If bridge	is not specified, then displays	 detailed  information
	      about all	bridges	with STP enabled.

       rstp/tcn	[bridge]
	      Forces  a	 topology change event on bridge if it's running RSTP.
	      This may cause it	to send	Topology Change	Notifications  to  its
	      peers  and flush its MAC table.  If no bridge is given, forces a
	      topology change event on all bridges.

       rstp/show [bridge]
	      Displays detailed	information about rapid	spanning tree  on  the
	      bridge.	If bridge is not specified, then displays detailed in-
	      formation	about all bridges with RSTP enabled.

   BRIDGE COMMANDS
       These commands manage bridges.

       fdb/add bridge port vlan	mac
	      Adds mac address to a port and vlan on a	bridge.	 This  utility
	      can be used to pre-populate fdb table without relying on dynamic
	      mac learning.

       fdb/del bridge vlan mac
	      Deletes mac address from a port and vlan on a bridge.

       fdb/flush [bridge]
	      Flushes  bridge  MAC address learning table, or all learning ta-
	      bles if no bridge	is given.

       fdb/show	bridge
	      Lists each  MAC  address/VLAN  pair  learned  by	the  specified
	      bridge,  along with the port on which it was learned and the age
	      of the entry, in seconds.

       fdb/stats-clear [bridge]
	      Clear bridge MAC address learning	table statistics, or all  sta-
	      tistics if no bridge is given.

       fdb/stats-show bridge
	      Show  MAC	 address  learning  table statistics for the specified
	      bridge.

       mdb/flush [bridge]
	      Flushes bridge multicast snooping	table, or all snooping	tables
	      if no bridge is given.

       mdb/show	bridge
	      Lists  each  multicast  group/VLAN pair learned by the specified
	      bridge, along with the port on which it was learned and the  age
	      of the entry, in seconds.

       bridge/reconnect	[bridge]
	      Makes bridge drop	all of its OpenFlow controller connections and
	      reconnect.   If  bridge  is not specified, then all bridges drop
	      their controller connections and reconnect.

	      This command might be useful for debugging  OpenFlow  controller
	      issues.

       bridge/dump-flows [--offload-stats] bridge
	      Lists  all  flows	 in bridge, including those normally hidden to
	      commands such as ovs-ofctl dump-flows.  Flows set	up  by	mecha-
	      nisms  such as in-band control and fail-open are hidden from the
	      controller since it is not allowed to modify or  override	 them.
	      If  --offload-stats  are specified then also list	statistics for
	      offloaded	packets	and bytes, which are a	subset	of  the	 total
	      packets and bytes.

   BOND	COMMANDS
       These  commands	manage	bonded ports on	an Open	vSwitch's bridges.  To
       understand some of these	commands, it is	important to understand	a  de-
       tail  of	 the  bonding  implementation called ``source load balancing''
       (SLB).  Instead of directly assigning Ethernet source addresses to mem-
       bers, the bonding implementation	 computes  a  function	that  maps  an
       48-bit  Ethernet	 source	 addresses into	an 8-bit value (a ``MAC	hash''
       value).	All of the Ethernet addresses that map to a single 8-bit value
       are then	assigned to a single member.

       bond/list
	      Lists all	of the bonds, and their	members, on each bridge.

       bond/show [port]
	      Lists all	of the bond-specific information (updelay,  downdelay,
	      time  until  the next rebalance) about the given bonded port, or
	      all bonded ports if no port is given.   Also  lists  information
	      about  each members: whether it is enabled or disabled, the time
	      to completion of an updelay or downdelay if one is in  progress,
	      whether it is the	active member, the hashes assigned to the mem-
	      ber.  Any	LACP information related to this bond may be found us-
	      ing the lacp/show	command.

       bond/migrate port hash member
	      Only  valid  for	SLB  bonds.  Assigns a given MAC hash to a new
	      member.  port specifies the bond port, hash the MAC hash	to  be
	      migrated (as a decimal number between 0 and 255),	and member the
	      new member to be assigned.

	      The reassignment is not permanent: rebalancing or	fail-over will
	      cause  the  MAC  hash to be shifted to a new member in the usual
	      manner.

	      A	MAC hash cannot	be migrated to a disabled member.

       bond/set-active-member port member
	      Sets member as the active	member on port.	 member	must currently
	      be enabled.

	      The setting is not permanent: a new active member	 will  be  se-
	      lected if	member becomes disabled.

       bond/enable-member port member
       bond/disable-member port	member
	      Enables  (or  disables)  member on the given bond	port, skipping
	      any updelay (or downdelay).

	      This setting is not permanent: it	persists only until  the  car-
	      rier status of member changes.

       bond/hash mac [vlan] [basis]
	      Returns the hash value which would be used for mac with vlan and
	      basis if specified.

       lacp/show [port]
	      Lists  all of the	LACP related information about the given port:
	      active or	passive, aggregation key, system id, and system	prior-
	      ity.  Also lists information about each member:  whether	it  is
	      enabled or disabled, whether it is attached or detached, port id
	      and  priority,  actor  information, and partner information.  If
	      port is not specified, then displays detailed information	 about
	      all interfaces with CFM enabled.

       lacp/stats-show [port]
	      Lists  various  stats about LACP PDUs (number of RX/TX PDUs, bad
	      PDUs received) and member	state (number of times its  state  ex-
	      pired/defaulted  and carrier status changed) for the given port.
	      If port is not specified,	then displays stats of all  interfaces
	      with LACP	enabled.

   DPCTL DATAPATH DEBUGGING COMMANDS
       The  primary  way to configure ovs-vswitchd is through the Open vSwitch
       database, e.g. using ovs-vsctl(8).  These commands provide a  debugging
       interface  for  managing	 datapaths.   They implement the same features
       (and syntax) as ovs-dpctl(8).  Unlike ovs-dpctl(8), these commands work
       with datapaths that are integrated into ovs-vswitchd (e.g.  the	netdev
       datapath	type).

       Do   not	 use  commands	to  add	 or  remove  or	 modify	 datapaths  if
       ovs-vswitchd is running because this interferes with ovs-vswitchd's own
       datapath	management.

       dpctl/add-dp dp [netdev[,option]...]
	      Creates datapath dp, with	a local	port also named	dp.  This will
	      fail if a	network	device dp already exists.

	      If netdevs are specified,	ovs-vswitchd  adds  them  to  the  new
	      datapath,	just as	if add-if was specified.

       dpctl/del-dp dp
	      Deletes  datapath	 dp.  If dp is associated with any network de-
	      vices, they are automatically removed.

       dpctl/add-if dp netdev[,option]...
	      Adds each	netdev to the set of network devices datapath dp moni-
	      tors, where dp is	the name of an existing	datapath,  and	netdev
	      is  the  name  of	 one of	the host's network devices, e.g. eth0.
	      Once a network device has	been added to a	datapath, the datapath
	      has complete ownership of	the network device's traffic  and  the
	      network device appears silent to the rest	of the system.

	      A	 netdev	 may be	followed by a comma-separated list of options.
	      The following options are	currently supported:

	      type=type
		     Specifies the type	of port	to add.	 The default  type  is
		     system.

	      port_no=port
		     Requests  a specific port number within the datapath.  If
		     this option is not	specified then one will	 be  automati-
		     cally assigned.

	      key=value
		     Adds an arbitrary key-value option	to the port's configu-
		     ration.

	      ovs-vswitchd.conf.db(5)  documents  the available	port types and
	      options.

       dpctl/set-if dp port[,option]...
	      Reconfigures each	port in	dp as specified.   An  option  of  the
	      form  key=value  adds the	specified key-value option to the port
	      or overrides an existing key's value.  An	 option	 of  the  form
	      key=, that is, without a value, deletes the key-value named key.
	      The  type	 and  port number of a port cannot be changed, so type
	      and port_no are only allowed if they match the existing configu-
	      ration.

       dpctl/del-if dp netdev...
	      Removes each netdev from the list	of network devices datapath dp
	      monitors.

       dpctl/dump-dps
	      Prints the name of each configured datapath on a separate	line.

       dpctl/show [-s |	--statistics] [dp...]
	      Prints a summary of configured datapaths,	including their	 data-
	      path  numbers  and  a  list of ports connected to	each datapath.
	      (The local port is identified as port 0.)	 If -s or --statistics
	      is specified, then packet	and byte counters are also printed for
	      each port.

	      The datapath numbers consists of flow stats and mega  flow  mask
	      stats.

	      The  "lookups"  row  displays three stats	related	to flow	lookup
	      triggered	by processing incoming packets in the datapath.	 "hit"
	      displays number of packets matches existing flows. "missed" dis-
	      plays  the  number of packets not	matching any existing flow and
	      require user space processing.  "lost" displays number of	 pack-
	      ets destined for user space process but subsequently dropped be-
	      fore  reaching  userspace. The sum of "hit" and "miss" equals to
	      the total	number of packets datapath processed.

	      The "flows" row displays the number of flows in datapath.

	      The "masks" row displays the mega	flow mask stats. This  row  is
	      omitted  for datapath not	implementing mega flow.	"hit" displays
	      the total	number of masks	visited	for matching incoming packets.
	      "total" displays number of masks in the datapath.	"hit/pkt" dis-
	      plays the	average	number of masks	visited	per packet; the	 ratio
	      between "hit" and	total number of	packets	processed by the data-
	      path.

	      If  one  or  more	 datapaths  are	specified, information on only
	      those datapaths are displayed.  Otherwise, ovs-vswitchd displays
	      information about	all configured datapaths.

   DATAPATH FLOW TABLE DEBUGGING COMMANDS
       The following commands are primarily useful for debugging Open vSwitch.
       The flow	table entries (both matches and	actions) that they  work  with
       are not OpenFlow	flow entries.  Instead,	they are different and consid-
       erably  simpler flows maintained	by the Open vSwitch kernel module.  Do
       not use	commands  to  add  or  remove  or  modify  datapath  flows  if
       ovs-vswitchd  is	 running because it interferes with ovs-vswitchd's own
       datapath	flow management.  Use  ovs-ofctl(8),  instead,	to  work  with
       OpenFlow	flow entries.

       The  dp argument	to each	of these commands is optional when exactly one
       datapath	exists,	in which case that datapath is the default.  When mul-
       tiple datapaths exist, then a datapath name is required.

       dpctl/dump-flows	[-m | --more] [--names | --no-names] [dp] [filter=fil-
       ter] [type=type]	[pmd=pmd]
	      Prints to	the console all	flow entries in	datapath dp's flow ta-
	      ble.  Without -m or --more, output omits	match  fields  that  a
	      flow  wildcards entirely;	with -m	or --more, output includes all
	      wildcarded fields.

	      If filter=filter is specified,  only  displays  the  flows  that
	      match  the filter. filter	is a flow in the form similiar to that
	      accepted by ovs-ofctl(8)'s add-flow command.  (This  is  not  an
	      OpenFlow	flow:  besides	other  differences,  it	never contains
	      wildcards.)  The filter  is  also	 useful	 to  match  wildcarded
	      fields   in   the	  datapath   flow.   As	  an   example,	  fil-
	      ter='tcp,tp_src=100' will	match  the  datapath  flow  containing
	      'tcp(src=80/0xff00,dst=8080/0xff)'.

	      If  pmd=pmd  is  specified, only displays	flows of the specified
	      pmd.  Using pmd=-1 will restrict the dump	to flows from the main
	      thread.  This option is only supported by	 the  userspace	 data-
	      path.

	      If  type=type is specified, only displays	flows of the specified
	      types.	This   option	supported    only    for    ovs-appctl
	      dpctl/dump-flows.	  type	is  a  comma separated list, which can
	      contain any of the following:
		 ovs - displays	flows handled in the ovs dp
		 tc - displays flows handled in	the tc dp
		 dpdk -	displays flows fully offloaded by dpdk
		 offloaded - displays flows offloaded to the HW
		 non-offloaded - displays flows	not offloaded to the HW
		 partially-offloaded - displays	flows where only part of their
	      proccessing is done in HW
		 all - displays	all the	types of flows

	      By default all the types of flows	are displayed.	ovs-dpctl  al-
	      ways acts	as if the type was ovs.

       dpctl/add-flow [dp] flow	actions

       dpctl/mod-flow [--clear]	[--may-create] [-s | --statistics] [dp]	flow
       actions
	      Adds  or	modifies a flow	in dp's	flow table that, when a	packet
	      matching flow arrives, causes actions to be executed.

	      The add-flow command succeeds only if flow does not already  ex-
	      ist  in  dp.   Contrariwise,  mod-flow without --may-create only
	      modifies the actions for an existing flow.   With	 --may-create,
	      mod-flow will add	a new flow or modify an	existing one.

	      If  -s  or  --statistics	is specified, then mod-flow prints the
	      modified flow's statistics.  A flow's statistics are the	number
	      of  packets  and	bytes  that  have passed through the flow, the
	      elapsed time since the flow last processed a packet  (if	ever),
	      and (for TCP flows) the union of the TCP flags processed through
	      the flow.

	      With  --clear,  mod-flow	zeros  out the flow's statistics.  The
	      statistics printed if -s or --statistics is also	specified  are
	      those from just before clearing the statistics.

	      NOTE:  flow  and	actions	 do  not  match	 the  syntax used with
	      ovs-ofctl(8)'s add-flow command.

	      Usage Examples

	      Forward ARP between ports	1 and 2	on datapath myDP:

		     ovs-dpctl add-flow	myDP \
		       "in_port(1),eth(),eth_type(0x0806),arp()" 2

		     ovs-dpctl add-flow	myDP \
		       "in_port(2),eth(),eth_type(0x0806),arp()" 1

	      Forward all IPv4 traffic between two addresses on	ports 1	and 2:

		     ovs-dpctl add-flow	myDP \
		       "in_port(1),eth(),eth_type(0x800),\
			ipv4(src=172.31.110.4,dst=172.31.110.5)" 2

		     ovs-dpctl add-flow	myDP \
		       "in_port(2),eth(),eth_type(0x800),\
			ipv4(src=172.31.110.5,dst=172.31.110.4)" 1

       dpctl/add-flows [dp] file
       dpctl/mod-flows [dp] file
       dpctl/del-flows [dp] file
	      Reads flow entries from file (or stdin if	file is	-)  and	 adds,
	      modifies,	 or  deletes  each  entry  to the datapath.  Each flow
	      specification (e.g., each	line in	file) may start	with add, mod-
	      ify, or delete keyword to	specify	whether	a flow is to be	added,
	      modified,	or deleted. A flow specification without one of	 these
	      keywords is treated based	on the used command.  All flow modifi-
	      cations  are  executed  as  individual transactions in the order
	      specified.

       dpctl/del-flow [-s | --statistics] [dp] flow
	      Deletes the flow from dp's flow table that matches flow.	If  -s
	      or  --statistics	is specified, then del-flow prints the deleted
	      flow's statistics.

       dpctl/get-flow [dp] ufid:ufid [-m | --more] [--names | --no-names]
	      Fetches the flow from dp's flow  table  with  unique  identifier
	      ufid.   ufid  must  be  specified	 as a string of	32 hexadecimal
	      characters.

       dpctl/del-flows [dp]
	      Deletes all flow entries from datapath dp's flow table.

   DATAPATH FLOW CACHE COMMANDS
       The following commands are useful for  debugging	 and  configuring  the
       datapath	flow cache settings.

       dpctl/cache-get-size [dp]
	      Prints the current cache sizes to	the console.

       dpctl/cache-set-size dp cache size
	      Set  the	dp's specific cache to the given size.	The cache name
	      can be found by using the	cache-get-size command.

   CONNECTION TRACKING TABLE COMMANDS
       The following commands are useful for  debugging	 and  configuring  the
       connection tracking table in the	datapath.

       The  dp argument	to each	of these commands is optional when exactly one
       datapath	exists,	in which case that datapath is the default.  When mul-
       tiple datapaths exist, then a datapath name is required.

       N.B.(Linux specific): the system	datapaths (i.e.	the Linux kernel  mod-
       ule  Open  vSwitch  datapaths) share a single connection	tracking table
       (which is also used by other kernel subsystems, such as iptables, nfta-
       bles and	the regular host stack).  Therefore, the following commands do
       not apply specifically to one datapath.

       dpctl/ipf-set-enabled [dp] v4|v6
       dpctl/ipf-set-disabled [dp] v4|v6
	      Enables or disables IP fragmentation handling for	the  userspace
	      connection  tracker.   Either  v4	or v6 must be specified.  Both
	      IPv4 and IPv6 fragment reassembly	are enabled by default.	  Only
	      supported	for the	userspace datapath.

       dpctl/ipf-set-min-frag [dp] v4|v6 minfrag
	      Sets  the	minimum	fragment size (L3 header and data) for non-fi-
	      nal fragments to minfrag.	 Either	v4 or v6  must	be  specified.
	      For  enhanced  DOS  security,  higher minimum fragment sizes can
	      usually be used.	The default IPv4 value is 1200 and the clamped
	      minimum is 400.  The default IPv6	value is 1280, with a  clamped
	      minimum  of  400,	for testing flexibility.  The maximum fragment
	      size is not clamped, however, setting this value too high	 might
	      result  in  valid	 fragments  being dropped.  Only supported for
	      userspace	datapath.

       dpctl/ipf-set-max-nfrags	[dp] maxfrags
	      Sets the maximum number of fragments tracked  by	the  userspace
	      datapath	connection  tracker to maxfrags.  The default value is
	      1000 and the clamped maximum is 5000.  Note that packet  buffers
	      can  be held by the fragmentation	module while fragments are in-
	      complete,	but will timeout after 15 seconds.  Memory pool	sizing
	      should be	set accordingly	when fragmentation is  enabled.	  Only
	      supported	for userspace datapath.

       dpctl/ipf-get-status [dp] [-m | --more]
	      Gets the configuration settings and fragment counters associated
	      with  the	 fragmentation handling	of the userspace datapath con-
	      nection tracker.	With -m	or --more, also	dumps the IP  fragment
	      lists.  Only supported for userspace datapath.

       dpctl/dump-conntrack [-m	| --more] [-s |	--statistics] [dp] [zone=zone]
	      Prints  to the console all the connection	entries	in the tracker
	      used by dp.  If zone=zone	is specified, only shows  the  connec-
	      tions  in	 zone.	 With --more, some implementation specific de-
	      tails are	included. With --statistics  timeouts  and  timestamps
	      are added	to the output.

       dpctl/flush-conntrack [dp] [zone=zone] [ct-tuple]
	      Flushes  the  connection entries in the tracker used by dp based
	      on zone and connection tracking tuple ct-tuple.  If ct-tuple  is
	      not  provided, flushes all the connection	entries.  If zone=zone
	      is specified, only flushes the connections in zone.

	      If ct-tuple is provided, flushes the connection entry  specified
	      by  ct-tuple  in	zone. The zone defaults	to 0 if	it is not pro-
	      vided.  The userspace connection tracker requires	flushing  with
	      the original pre-NATed tuple and a warning log will be otherwise
	      generated.  An example of	an IPv4	ICMP ct-tuple:

	      "ct_nw_src=10.1.1.1,ct_nw_dst=10.1.1.2,ct_nw_proto=1,icmp_type=8,icmp_code=0,icmp_id=10"

	      An example of an IPv6 TCP	ct-tuple:

	      "ct_ipv6_src=fc00::1,ct_ipv6_dst=fc00::2,ct_nw_proto=6,ct_tp_src=1,ct_tp_dst=2"

       dpctl/ct-stats-show [dp]	[zone=zone] [-m	| --more]
	      Displays	the  number of connections grouped by protocol used by
	      dp.  If zone=zone	is specified, numbers refer to the connections
	      in zone.	With --more, groups by connection state	for each  pro-
	      tocol.

       dpctl/ct-bkts [dp] [gt=threshold]
	      For  each	 conntrack  bucket, displays the number	of connections
	      used by dp.  If gt=threshold is specified,  bucket  numbers  are
	      displayed	 when the number of connections	in a bucket is greater
	      than threshold.

       dpctl/ct-set-maxconns [dp] maxconns
	      Sets the maximum limit of	connection tracker entries to maxconns
	      on dp.  This can be used to reduce the processing	 load  on  the
	      system  due to connection	tracking or simply limiting connection
	      tracking.	 If the	number of connections is already over the  new
	      maximum  limit  request  then  the new maximum limit will	be en-
	      forced when the number of	connections decreases to  that	limit,
	      which normally happens due to connection expiry.	Only supported
	      for userspace datapath.

       dpctl/ct-get-maxconns [dp]
	      Prints  the  maximum  limit of connection	tracker	entries	on dp.
	      Only supported for userspace datapath.

       dpctl/ct-get-nconns [dp]
	      Prints the current number	of connection tracker entries  on  dp.
	      Only supported for userspace datapath.

       dpctl/ct-enable-tcp-seq-chk [dp]
       dpctl/ct-disable-tcp-seq-chk [dp]
	      Enables  or  disables  TCP  sequence checking.  When set to dis-
	      abled, all sequence number verification is  disabled,  including
	      for  TCP	resets.	 This is similar, but not the same as 'be_lib-
	      eral' mode, as in	Netfilter.  Disabling sequence number  verifi-
	      cation  is not an	optimization in	itself,	but is needed for some
	      hardware offload support which might offer some performance  ad-
	      vantage.	Sequence  number checking is enabled by	default	to en-
	      force better security and	should only be	disabled  if  required
	      for  hardware  offload  support.	This command is	only supported
	      for the userspace	datapath.

       dpctl/ct-get-tcp-seq-chk	[dp]
	      Prints whether TCP sequence checking is enabled or  disabled  on
	      dp.  Only	supported for the userspace datapath.

       dpctl/ct-set-limits [dp]	[default=default_limit]
       [zone=zone,limit=limit]...
	      Sets  the	 maximum allowed number	of connections in a connection
	      tracking zone.  A	specific zone may be set to limit, and	multi-
	      ple  zones  may  be specified with a comma-separated list.  If a
	      per-zone limit for a particular zone is  not  specified  in  the
	      datapath,	 it defaults to	the default per-zone limit.  A default
	      zone may be specified with the  default=default_limit  argument.
	      Initially,  the  default per-zone	limit is unlimited.  An	unlim-
	      ited number of entries may be set	with 0 limit.

       dpctl/ct-del-limits [dp]	zone=zone[,zone]...
	      Deletes the connection tracking limit for	zone.  Multiple	 zones
	      may be specified with a comma-separated list.

       dpctl/ct-get-limits [dp]	[zone=zone[,zone]...]
	      Retrieves	 the maximum allowed number of connections and current
	      counts per-zone.	If zone	is given, only the  specified  zone(s)
	      are printed.  If no zones	are specified, all the zone limits and
	      counts  are  provided.   The command always displays the default
	      zone limit.

   DPDK	COMMANDS
       These commands manage DPDK components.

       dpdk/lcore-list
	      Lists  the  DPDK	lcores	 and   their   cpu   affinity.	  When
	      RTE_MAX_LCORE  lcores are	registered, some OVS PMD threads won't
	      appear.

       dpdk/log-list
	      Lists all	DPDK components	that emit logs and their logging  lev-
	      els.

       dpdk/log-set [spec]
	      Sets  DPDK  components logging level. Without any	spec, sets the
	      logging level for	all DPDK components to debug. Otherwise,  spec
	      is  a  list of words separated by	spaces:	a word can be either a
	      logging level (emergency,	alert, critical, error,	 warning,  no-
	      tice,  info or debug) or a pattern matching DPDK components (see
	      dpdk/log-list command on ovs-appctl(8))  separated  by  a	 colon
	      from the logging level to	apply.

       dpdk/get-malloc-stats
	      Prints the heap information statistics about DPDK	malloc.

   DPIF-NETDEV COMMANDS
       These  commands are used	to expose internal information (mostly statis-
       tics) about the "dpif-netdev" userspace datapath. If there is only  one
       datapath	 (as  is often the case, unless	dpctl/ commands	are used), the
       dp argument can be omitted. By default the commands  present  data  for
       all  pmd	 threads in the	datapath. By specifying	the "-pmd Core"	option
       one can filter the output for a single pmd in the datapath.

       dpif-netdev/pmd-stats-show [-pmd	core] [dp]
	      Shows performance	statistics for one or all pmd threads  of  the
	      datapath dp. The special thread "main" sums up the statistics of
	      every non	pmd thread.

	      The  sum	of "phwol hits", "simple match hits", "emc hits", "smc
	      hits", "megaflow hits"  and  "miss"  is  the  number  of	packet
	      lookups  performed  by  the datapath. Beware that	a recirculated
	      packet experiences one additional	lookup per  recirculation,  so
	      there  may  be  more lookups than	forwarded packets in the data-
	      path.

	      The MFEX Opt hits	 displays  the	number	of  packets  that  are
	      processed	by the optimized miniflow extract implementations.

	      Cycles  are  counted  using  the TSC or similar facilities (when
	      available	on the platform). The duration of one cycle depends on
	      the processing platform.

	      "idle cycles" refers to cycles spent in PMD iterations not  for-
	      warding  any  any	 packets. "processing cycles" refers to	cycles
	      spent in PMD iterations forwarding at least one packet,  includ-
	      ing the cost for polling,	processing and transmitting said pack-
	      ets.

	      To reset these counters use dpif-netdev/pmd-stats-clear.

       dpif-netdev/pmd-stats-clear [dp]
	      Resets  to  zero the per pmd thread performance numbers shown by
	      the  dpif-netdev/pmd-stats-show  and   dpif-netdev/pmd-perf-show
	      commands.	 It will NOT reset datapath or bridge statistics, only
	      the values shown by the above commands.

       dpif-netdev/pmd-perf-show [-nh] [-it iter_len] [-ms ms_len] [-pmd core]
       [dp]
	      Shows  detailed  performance metrics for one or all pmds threads
	      of the user space	datapath.

	      The collection of	detailed statistics can	be controlled by a new
	      configuration parameter "other_config:pmd-perf-metrics". By  de-
	      fault it is disabled. The	run-time overhead, when	enabled, is in
	      the order	of 1%.

	      --     used cycles
	      --     forwared packets
	      --     number of rx batches
	      --     packets/rx	batch
	      --     max. vhostuser queue fill level
	      --     number of upcalls
	      --     cycles spent in upcalls

	      This raw recorded	data is	used threefold:

	      1.     In	histograms for each of the following metrics:
		     --	    cycles/iteration (logarithmic)
		     --	    packets/iteration (logarithmic)
		     --	    cycles/packet
		     --	    packets/batch
		     --	    max. vhostuser qlen	(logarithmic)
		     --	    upcalls
		     --	    cycles/upcall  (logarithmic)  The  histograms bins
			    are	divided	linear or logarithmic.
	      2.     A cyclic history of the above metrics for 1024 iterations
	      3.     A cyclic history of the  cummulative/average  values  per
		     millisecond wall clock for	the last 1024 milliseconds:
		     --	    number of iterations
		     --	    avg. cycles/iteration
		     --	    packets (Kpps)
		     --	    avg. packets/batch
		     --	    avg. max vhost qlen
		     --	    upcalls
		     --	    avg. cycles/upcall

	      The command options are:

	      -nh    Suppress the histograms

	      -it iter_len
		     Display the last iter_len iteration stats

	      -ms ms_len
		     Display the last ms_len millisecond stats

	      The output always	contains the following global PMD statistics:

		     Time: 15:24:55.270
		     Measurement duration: 1.008 s

		     pmd thread	numa_id	0 core_id 1:

		       Iterations:		572817	(1.76 us/it)
		       - Used TSC cycles:   2419034712	( 99.9 % of total cycles)
		       - idle iterations:	486808	( 15.9 % of used cycles)
		       - busy iterations:	 86009	( 84.1 % of used cycles)
		       Rx packets:	       2399607	(2381 Kpps, 848	cycles/pkt)
		       Datapath	passes:	       3599415	(1.50 passes/pkt)
		       - PHWOL hits:		     0	(  0.0 %)
		       - MFEX Opt hits:	       3570133	( 99.2 %)
		       - Simple	Match hits:	     0	(  0.0 %)
		       - EMC hits:		336472	(  9.3 %)
		       - SMC hits:		     0	(  0.0 %)
		       - Megaflow hits:	       3262943	( 90.7 %, 1.00 subtbl lookups/hit)
		       - Upcalls:		     0	(  0.0 %, 0.0 us/upcall)
		       - Lost upcalls:		     0	(  0.0 %)
		       Tx packets:	       2399607	(2381 Kpps)
		       Tx batches:		171400	(14.00 pkts/batch)

	      Here  "Rx	 packets" actually reflects the	number of packets for-
	      warded by	the datapath. "Datapath	passes"	matches	the number  of
	      packet  lookups  as  reported  by	the dpif-netdev/pmd-stats-show
	      command.

	      To reset the counters and	start a	new measurement	use  dpif-net-
	      dev/pmd-stats-clear.

       dpif-netdev/pmd-perf-log-set on|off [-b before] [-a after] [-e|-ne]
       [-us usec] [-q qlen]
	      The  userspace  "netdev"	datapath  is able to supervise the PMD
	      performance metrics and detect iterations	with  suspicious  sta-
	      tistics according	to the following criteria:

	      --     The  iteration  lasts  longer than	usec microseconds (de-
		     fault 250).  This can be used to capture events  where  a
		     PMD  is  blocked or interrupted for such a	period of time
		     that there	is a risk for dropped packets on any of	its Rx
		     queues.

	      --     The max vhost qlen	 exceeds  a  threshold	qlen  (default
		     128). This	can be used to infer virtio queue overruns and
		     dropped packets inside a VM, which	are not	visible	in OVS
		     otherwise.

	      Such suspicious iterations can be	logged together	with their it-
	      eration  statistics in the ovs-vswitchd.log to be	able to	corre-
	      late them	to packet drop or other	events outside OVS.

	      The above	command	enables	(on) or	disables (off) supervision and
	      logging at run-time and can be used to adjust the	above  thresh-
	      olds for detecting suspicious iterations.	By default supervision
	      and logging is disabled.

	      The command options are:

	      -b before
		     The  number of iterations before the suspicious iteration
		     to	be logged (default 5).

	      -a after
		     The number	of iterations after the	 suspicious  iteration
		     to	be logged (default 5).

	      -e     Extend  logging  interval if another suspicious iteration
		     is	detected before	logging	occurs.

	      -ne    Do	not extend logging interval if another suspicious  it-
		     eration is	detected before	logging	occurs (default).

	      -q qlen
		     Suspicious	 vhost	queue  fill  level threshold. Increase
		     this to 512 if the	Qemu supports 1024 virtio queue	length
		     (default 128).

	      -us usec
		     Change the	duration threshold for a suspicious  iteration
		     (default 250 us).

       Note:  Logging  of suspicious iterations	itself consumes	a considerable
       amount of processing cycles of a	PMD which may be visible in the	itera-
       tion history.  In the worst case	this can lead OVS  to  detect  another
       suspicious iteration caused by logging.

       If  more	 than  100  iterations around a	suspicious iteration have been
       logged once, OVS	falls back to the safe default values (-b 5 -a 5  -ne)
       to  avoid  that	logging	 itself	continuously causes logging of further
       suspicious iterations.

       dpif-netdev/pmd-rxq-show	[-pmd core] [dp]
	      For one or all pmd threads of the	datapath dp show the  list  of
	      queue-ids	with port names, which this thread polls.

       dpif-netdev/pmd-rxq-rebalance [dp]
	      Reassigns	rxqs to	pmds in	the datapath dp	based on their current
	      usage.

       dpif-netdev/bond-show [dp]
	      When "other_config:lb-output-action" is set to "true", the user-
	      space  datapath handles the load balancing of bonds directly in-
	      stead of depending on flow recirculation	(only  in  balance-tcp
	      mode).

	      When this	is the case, the above command prints the load-balanc-
	      ing  information	of the bonds configured	in datapath dp showing
	      the interface associated with each bucket	(hash).

       dpif-netdev/subtable-lookup-prio-get
	      Lists the	DPCLS implementations or  lookup  functions  that  are
	      available	as well	as their priorities.

       dpif-netdev/subtable-lookup-prio-set lookup_function prio
	      Sets the priority	of a lookup function by	name, lookup_function,
	      and  priority,  prio,  which should be a positive	integer	value.
	      The highest priority lookup function is used for classification.

	      The number of affected dpcls ports and subtables is returned.

       dpif-netdev/dpif-impl-get
	      Lists the	DPIF implementations that are available.

       dpif-netdev/dpif-impl-set dpif_impl
	      Sets the DPIF to be used to dpif_impl. By	default	 "dpif_scalar"
	      is used.

       dpif-netdev/miniflow-parser-get
	      Lists the	miniflow extract implementations that are available.

       dpif-netdev/miniflow-parser-set [-pmd core] miniflow_impl [study_cnt]
	      Sets  the	 miniflow extract to miniflow_impl for a specified PMD
	      or all PMDs in the case where no value is	specified.  By default
	      "scalar" is used.	 study_cnt defaults to 128 and	indicates  the
	      number  of packets that the "study" miniflow implementation must
	      parse before choosing an optimal implementation.

   DPIF-NETLINK	COMMANDS
       These commands are used to expose internal information  of  the	"dpif-
       netlink"	kernel space datapath.

       dpif-netlink/dispatch-mode
	      Displays the "dispatch-mode" for all datapaths.

   NETDEV-DPDK COMMANDS
       These commands manage DPDK related ports	(type=dpdk*).

       netdev-dpdk/set-admin-state [interface] up | down
	      Change the admin state for DPDK interface	to up or down.	If in-
	      terface is not specified,	then it	applies	to all DPDK ports.

       netdev-dpdk/detach pci-address
	      Detaches	device with corresponding pci-address from DPDK.  This
	      command can be used to detach device if it wasn't	detached auto-
	      matically	after port deletion. Refer to  the  documentation  for
	      details and instructions.

       netdev-dpdk/get-mempool-info [interface]
	      Prints  the debug	information about memory pool used by DPDK in-
	      terface.	If called without arguments, information  of  all  the
	      available	 mempools will be printed. For additional mempool sta-
	      tistics enable  CONFIG_RTE_LIBRTE_MEMPOOL_DEBUG  while  building
	      DPDK.

   DATAPATH DEBUGGING COMMANDS
       These  commands	query  and  modify datapaths.  They are	are similar to
       ovs-dpctl(8) commands.  dpif/show has the additional functionality, be-
       yond dpctl/show of printing OpenFlow port numbers.  The other  commands
       are redundant and will be removed in a future release.

       dpif/dump-dps
	      Prints the name of each configured datapath on a separate	line.

       dpif/show
	      Prints  a	 summary of configured datapaths, including statistics
	      and a list of connected ports.  The  port	 information  includes
	      the  OpenFlow  port  number, datapath port number, and the type.
	      (The local port is identified as OpenFlow	port 65534.)

       dpif/dump-flows [-m] dp
	      Prints to	the console all	flow entries in	datapath dp's flow ta-
	      ble. Without -m, output omits match fields that a	flow wildcards
	      entirely;	with -m	output includes	all wildcarded fields.

	      This command is primarily	useful	for  debugging	Open  vSwitch.
	      The  flow	 table	entries	that it	displays are not OpenFlow flow
	      entries.	Instead, they are different and	 considerably  simpler
	      flows maintained by the datapath module.	If you wish to see the
	      OpenFlow flow entries, use ovs-ofctl dump-flows.

       dpif/del-flows dp
	      Deletes  all  flow entries from datapath dp's flow table and un-
	      derlying datapath	implementation (e.g., kernel datapath module).

	      This command is primarily	useful for debugging Open vSwitch.  As
	      discussed	in dpif/dump-flows, these  entries  are	 not  OpenFlow
	      flow entries.

   OFPROTO COMMANDS
       These  commands	manage the core	OpenFlow switch	implementation (called
       ofproto).

       ofproto/list
	      Lists the	names of the running ofproto instances.	 These are the
	      names that may be	used on	ofproto/trace.

       ofproto/trace [options] [dpname]	odp_flow [packet]
       ofproto/trace [options] bridge br_flow [packet]]
       ofproto/trace-packet-out	[options] [dpname] odp_flow [packet] actions
       ofproto/trace-packet-out	[options] bridge br_flow [packet] actions
	      Traces the path of an imaginary packet through  switch  and  re-
	      ports  the  path	that  it  took.	  The initial treatment	of the
	      packet varies based on the command:

	      	     ofproto/trace looks the packet up in  the	OpenFlow  flow
		     table, as if the packet had arrived on an OpenFlow	port.

	      	     ofproto/trace-packet-out  applies	the specified OpenFlow
		     actions, as if the	packet,	flow,  and  actions  had  been
		     specified in an OpenFlow ``packet-out'' request.

	      The  packet's headers (e.g. source and destination) and metadata
	      (e.g. input port), together called its ``flow,'' are usually all
	      that matter for the purpose of tracing a packet.	You can	 spec-
	      ify the flow in the following ways:

	      dpname odp_flow
		     odp_flow  is a flow in the	form printed by	ovs-dpctl(8)'s
		     dump-flows	command.  If all of your bridges have the same
		     type, which is the	common case, then you can omit dpname,
		     but if you	have bridges of	 different  types  (say,  both
		     ovs-netdev	 and  ovs-system),  then you need to specify a
		     dpname to disambiguate.

	      bridge br_flow
		     br_flow is	a flow in the form similar to that accepted by
		     ovs-ofctl(8)'s add-flow command.  (This is	not  an	 Open-
		     Flow  flow:  besides other	differences, it	never contains
		     wildcards.)  bridge names of  the	bridge	through	 which
		     br_flow should be traced.

	      These commands support the following options:

	      --generate
		     Generate  a  packet from the flow (see below for more in-
		     formation).

	      --l7 payload
	      --l7-len length
		     Accepted only with	--generate (see	below for more	infor-
		     mation).

	      --consistent
		     Accepted by ofproto-trace-packet-out only.	 With this op-
		     tion,  the	 command rejects actions that are inconsistent
		     with the specified	packet.	 (An example of	 an  inconsis-
		     tency  is	attempting to strip the	VLAN tag from a	packet
		     that does not have	a VLAN	tag.)	Open  vSwitch  ignores
		     most  forms  of inconsistency in OpenFlow 1.0 and rejects
		     inconsistencies in	later versions of OpenFlow.   The  op-
		     tion is necessary because the command does	not ordinarily
		     imply  a  particular  OpenFlow version.  One exception is
		     that, when	actions	includes an action that	only  OpenFlow
		     1.1  and later supports (such as push_vlan), --consistent
		     is	automatically enabled.

	      --ct-next	flags
		     When the traced  flow  triggers  conntrack	 actions,  of-
		     proto/trace  will	automatically  trace the forked	packet
		     processing	pipeline with user specified  ct_state.	  This
		     option  sets the ct_state flags that the conntrack	module
		     will report. The flags must be a  comma-  or  space-sepa-
		     rated list	of the following connection tracking flags:

		     	    trk:  Include  to indicate connection tracking has
			    taken place.

		     	    new: Include to indicate a new flow.

		     	    est: Include to indicate an	established flow.

		     	    rel: Include to indicate a related flow.

		     	    rpl: Include to indicate a reply flow.

		     	    inv: Include to indicate a connection entry	 in  a
			    bad	state.

		     	    dnat:  Include to indicate a packet	whose destina-
			    tion IP address has	been changed.

		     	    snat: Include to indicate a	packet whose source IP
			    address has	been changed.

		     When --ct-next is unspecified, or when  there  are	 fewer
		     --ct-next	options	 than ct actions, the flags default to
		     trk,new.

	      Most commonly, one specifies only	a flow,	using one of the forms
	      above, but sometimes one might need to specify an	actual	packet
	      instead of just a	flow:

	      Side effects.
		     Some  actions have	side effects.  For example, the	normal
		     action can	update the MAC learning	table, and  the	 learn
		     action  can  change  OpenFlow tables.  The	trace commands
		     only perform side effects when a packet is	specified.  If
		     you want side effects to take place, then you must	supply
		     a packet.

		     (Output actions are obviously side	effects	too,  but  the
		     trace  commands  never execute them, even when one	speci-
		     fies a packet.)

	      Incomplete information.
		     Most of the time, Open vSwitch can	figure out  everything
		     about  the	 path  of a packet using just the flow,	but in
		     some special circumstances	it needs to look at  parts  of
		     the  packet that are not included in the flow.  When this
		     is	the case, and you do not supply	a packet, then a trace
		     command will tell you it needs a packet.

	      If you wish to include a packet as part of  a  trace  operation,
	      there are	two ways to do it:

	      --generate
		     This  option,  added to one of the	ways to	specify	a flow
		     already described,	causes Open vSwitch to internally gen-
		     erate a packet with the flow described and	 then  to  use
		     that  packet.   If	 your goal is to execute side effects,
		     then --generate is	the easiest way	to do it, but --gener-
		     ate is not	a good way to fill in incomplete  information,
		     because  it  generates packets based on only the flow in-
		     formation,	which means that the  packets  really  do  not
		     have any more information than the	flow.

		     By	 default,  for	protocols that allow arbitrary L7 pay-
		     loads, the	generated packet has 64	bytes of payload.  Use
		     --l7-len to change	the payload length, or --l7 to specify
		     the exact contents	of the payload.

	      packet This form supplies	an explicit packet as  a  sequence  of
		     hex digits.  An Ethernet frame is at least	14 bytes long,
		     so	 there	must be	at least 28 hex	digits.	 Obviously, it
		     is	inconvenient to	type in	the hex	digits by hand,	so the
		     ovs-pcap(1) and ovs-tcpundump(1) utilities	provide	easier
		     ways.

		     With this form, packet  headers  are  extracted  directly
		     from  packet,  so	the odp_flow or	br_flow	should specify
		     only metadata. The	metadata can be:

		     skb_priority
			    Packet QoS priority.

		     pkt_mark
			    Mark of the	packet.

		     ct_state
			    Connection state of	the packet.

		     ct_zone
			    Connection tracking	zone for packet.

		     ct_mark
			    Connection mark of the packet.

		     ct_label
			    Connection label of	the packet.

		     tun_id The	tunnel ID on which the packet arrived.

		     in_port
			    The	port on	which the packet arrived.

	      The in_port value	is kernel datapath port	number for  the	 first
	      format  and OpenFlow port	number for the second format. The num-
	      bering of	these two types	of port	usually	differs	and  there  is
	      no relationship.

       Usage examples:

	   Trace an unicast ICMP echo request on ingress port 1	to destination
	   MAC 00:00:5E:00:53:01
	       ofproto/trace br	in_port=1,icmp,icmp_type=8,\
	       dl_dst=00:00:5E:00:53:01

	   Trace  an  unicast ICMP echo	reply on ingress port 1	to destination
	   MAC 00:00:5E:00:53:01
	       ofproto/trace br	in_port=1,icmp,icmp_type=0,\
	       dl_dst=00:00:5E:00:53:01

	   Trace an ARP	request	on ingress port	1
	       ofproto/trace br	in_port=1,arp,arp_op=1

	   Trace an ARP	reply on ingress port 1
	       ofproto/trace br	in_port=1,arp,arp_op=2

   VLOG	COMMANDS
       These commands manage ovs-vswitchd's logging settings.

       vlog/set	[spec]
	      Sets logging levels.  Without any	spec, sets the log  level  for
	      every  module and	destination to dbg.  Otherwise,	spec is	a list
	      of words separated by spaces or commas or	colons,	up to one from
	      each category below:

	      	     A valid module name, as displayed by the  vlog/list  com-
		     mand on ovs-appctl(8), limits the log level change	to the
		     specified module.

	      	     syslog,  console,	or file, to limit the log level	change
		     to	only to	the system log,	to the console,	or to a	 file,
		     respectively.

		     On	 Windows platform, syslog is accepted as a word	and is
		     only useful along with the	 --syslog-target  option  (the
		     word has no effect	otherwise).

	      	     off,  emer,  err,	warn, info, or dbg, to control the log
		     level.  Messages of the given severity or higher will  be
		     logged,  and  messages of lower severity will be filtered
		     out.  off filters out all	messages.   See	 ovs-appctl(8)
		     for a definition of each log level.

	      Case is not significant within spec.

	      Regardless  of  the  log	levels set for file, logging to	a file
	      will not take place unless ovs-vswitchd  was  invoked  with  the
	      --log-file option.

	      For compatibility	with older versions of OVS, any	is accepted as
	      a	word but has no	effect.

       vlog/set	PATTERN:destination:pattern
	      Sets  the	 log  pattern  for  destination	 to pattern.  Refer to
	      ovs-appctl(8) for	a description of the valid syntax for pattern.

       vlog/list
	      Lists the	supported logging modules and their current levels.

       vlog/list-pattern
	      Lists logging patterns used for each destination.

       vlog/close
	      Causes ovs-vswitchd to close its log file, if it is open.	  (Use
	      vlog/reopen to reopen it later.)

       vlog/reopen
	      Causes  ovs-vswitchd  to	close its log file, if it is open, and
	      then reopen it.  (This is	useful after rotating  log  files,  to
	      cause a new log file to be used.)

	      This  has	 no  effect  unless  ovs-vswitchd was invoked with the
	      --log-file option.

       vlog/disable-rate-limit [module]...
       vlog/enable-rate-limit [module]...
	      By default, ovs-vswitchd limits the rate at which	 certain  mes-
	      sages  can  be  logged.	When  a	message	would appear more fre-
	      quently than the limit,  it  is  suppressed.   This  saves  disk
	      space,  makes  logs easier to read, and speeds up	execution, but
	      occasionally troubleshooting requires more  detail.   Therefore,
	      vlog/disable-rate-limit allows rate limits to be disabled	at the
	      level  of	 an individual log module.  Specify one	or more	module
	      names, as	displayed by the vlog/list command.  Specifying	either
	      no module	names at all or	the keyword any	disables  rate	limits
	      for every	log module.

	      The  vlog/enable-rate-limit command, whose syntax	is the same as
	      vlog/disable-rate-limit, can be used to re-enable	a  rate	 limit
	      that was previously disabled.

   MEMORY COMMANDS
       These commands report memory usage.

       memory/show
	      Displays	some  basic statistics about ovs-vswitchd's memory us-
	      age.  ovs-vswitchd also logs this	information soon after startup
	      and periodically as its memory consumption grows.

   COVERAGE COMMANDS
       These commands manage ovs-vswitchd's ``coverage counters,'' which count
       the number of times particular events occur during a daemon's  runtime.
       In addition to these commands, ovs-vswitchd automatically logs coverage
       counter	values,	 at INFO level,	when it	detects	that the daemon's main
       loop takes unusually long to run.

       Coverage	counters are useful mainly for performance analysis and	debug-
       ging.

       coverage/show
	      Displays the averaged per-second rates for the last few seconds,
	      the last minute and the last hour, and the total counts  of  all
	      of the coverage counters.

       coverage/read-counter counter
	      Displays the total count for the given coverage counter.

   OPENVSWITCH TUNNELING COMMANDS
       These commands query and	modify OVS tunnel components.

       ovs/route/add ipv4_address/plen output_bridge [GW]
	      Adds  ipv4_address/plen  route  to  vswitchd routing table. out-
	      put_bridge needs to be OVS bridge	name.  This command is	useful
	      if OVS cached routes does	not look right.

       ovs/route/show
	      Print  all  routes  in  OVS  routing table, This includes	routes
	      cached from system routing table and user	configured routes.

       ovs/route/del ipv4_address/plen
	      Delete ipv4_address/plen route from OVS routing table.

       tnl/neigh/show

       tnl/arp/show
	      OVS builds ARP cache by  snooping	 are  messages.	 This  command
	      shows ARP	cache table.

       tnl/neigh/set bridge ip mac

       tnl/arp/set bridge ip mac
	      Adds  or	modifies  an  ARP cache	entry in bridge, mapping ip to
	      mac.

       tnl/neigh/flush

       tnl/arp/flush
	      Flush ARP	table.

       tnl/neigh/aging [seconds]

       tnl/arp/aging [seconds]
	      Changes the aging	time. The accepted values of seconds  are  be-
	      tween  1	and 3600. The new entries will get the value as	speci-
	      fied in seconds. For the existing	entries, the aging time	is up-
	      dated only if the	current	expiration is greater than seconds.

	      If used without arguments, it prints the current aging value.

       tnl/egress_port_range [num1] [num2]
	      Set range	for UDP	source port used for UDP  based	 Tunnels.  For
	      example  VxLAN.  If  case	 of zero arguments this	command	prints
	      current range in use.

OPENFLOW IMPLEMENTATION
       This section documents aspects of OpenFlow for which the	OpenFlow spec-
       ification requires documentation.

   Packet buffering.
       The OpenFlow specification, version 1.2,	says:

	      Switches	that  implement	 buffering  are	 expected  to  expose,
	      through  documentation,  both the	amount of available buffering,
	      and the length of	time before buffers may	be reused.

       Open vSwitch does not maintains any packet buffers.

   Bundle lifetime
       The OpenFlow specification, version 1.4,	says:

	      If the  switch  does  not	 receive  any  OFPT_BUNDLE_CONTROL  or
	      OFPT_BUNDLE_ADD_MESSAGE  message	for  an	opened bundle_id for a
	      switch defined time greater than 1s,  it	may  send  an  ofp_er-
	      ror_msg  with  OFPET_BUNDLE_FAILED type and OFPBFC_TIMEOUT code.
	      If the switch does not receive any new message in	a bundle apart
	      from echo	request	and replies for	a switch defined time  greater
	      than  1s,	 it may	send an	ofp_error_msg with OFPET_BUNDLE_FAILED
	      type and OFPBFC_TIMEOUT code.

       Open vSwitch implements default idle bundle  lifetime  of  10  seconds.
       (This  is  configurable	via  other-config:bundle-idle-timeout  in  the
       Open_vSwitch table. See ovs-vswitchd.conf.db(5) for details.)

LIMITS
       We believe these	limits to be accurate as of this writing.  These  lim-
       its assume the use of the Linux kernel datapath.

             ovs-vswitchd  started  through  ovs-ctl(8)  provides  a limit of
	      65535 file descriptors.  The limits on the number	of bridges and
	      ports is decided by the availability of file descriptors.	  With
	      the  Linux kernel	datapath, creation of a	single bridge consumes
	      three file descriptors and each  port  consumes  one  additional
	      file  descriptor.	  Other	 platforms  may	have different limita-
	      tions.

             8,192 MAC	learning entries per bridge,  by  default.   (This  is
	      configurable  via	 other-config:mac-table-size in	the Bridge ta-
	      ble.  See	ovs-vswitchd.conf.db(5)	for details.)

             Kernel flows are limited only by memory available	to the kernel.
	      Performance will	degrade	 beyond	 1,048,576  kernel  flows  per
	      bridge  with  a 32-bit kernel, beyond 262,144 with a 64-bit ker-
	      nel.  (ovs-vswitchd should never install anywhere	near that many
	      flows.)

             OpenFlow flows are limited only by  available  memory.   Perfor-
	      mance is linear in the number of unique wildcard patterns.  That
	      is, an OpenFlow table that contains many flows that all match on
	      the  same	fields in the same way has a constant-time lookup, but
	      a	table that contains many flows that match on different	fields
	      requires lookup time linear in the number	of flows.

             255  ports per bridge participating in 802.1D Spanning Tree Pro-
	      tocol.

             32 mirrors per bridge.

             15 bytes for the name of a port, for ports  implemented  in  the
	      Linux  kernel.   Ports  implemented  in userspace, such as patch
	      ports, do	not have an  arbitrary	length	limitation.   OpenFlow
	      also limit port names to 15 bytes.

SEE ALSO
       ovs-appctl(8), ovsdb-server(1).

Open vSwitch			    2.17.12		       ovs-vswitchd(8)

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