PROL(5) RDS FILE FORMATS PROL(5) NAME prol - define the rules for symbolic to real layout translation DESCRIPTION This file describes the rules used by the mbk(1) to rds translator. In the following file, symbolic layout objects are referred as mbk(1) objects, mbk(1) being the internal data structure that supports symbolic representa- tion. On the other hand, rds is a data structure describing mainly rectan- gles, and is therefore used for real layout representation. Some syntaxic remarques on the way to write the file follow. The case of identifiers is not significant, so NDIF is equivalent to NdiF. Comments are allowed anywhere in the file, using the sharp (#) as start of comment, and newline as end of comment. A line beginning with a sharp will be ig- nored, and a line containing a sharp will be read up to the character preeceding it. A newline can be escaped using the backslash ( followed by the newline. If some character, spaces or tabs for example, follow the backslash, chances are that a syntax error will be issued. First, some important process parameters are needed, the physical grid step, that is the least common multiple of all the technologies values in terms of layout distances, and the lambda, computed from a careful observa- tion of the process design rules. Then, a set of tables is needed, to describe how to translate a symbolic object, belonging to the mbk(1) world, and a set of layout rectangles, in rds. Each table has a special meaning, and its parametrization exend being not full, some borders are to be evocated. Several type of table exists in- deed. Some are needed for object translation, others for post treatment parametrization, others to define cif or gds identifiers regarding rds ones. Many things seem to be parametrizable, but in fact, mostly, if not only, numbers, names in cif and gds translation tables, and boolean value in post treatement may be changed without problems. For any table, if some layer is not applicable, it can simply be omitted. The default action is `do nothing', or use a value of 0.0 for all entries. LAYERS AND PATTERNS Since the goal of this file is to allow translation from mbk(1) to rds, the meaning of the layers in both representation shall be known. Mbk layers NWELL minimum width 4 ; N-well. PWELL minimum width 4 ; P-well. NTIE minimum width 2 ; N diffusion for polarisation. PTIE minimum width 2 ; P diffusion for polarisation. NDIF minimum width 2 ; N diffusion for transistor. PDIF minimum width 2 ; P diffusion for transistor. NTRANS minimum width 1 (gate width) ; N transistor. PTRANS minimum width 1 (gate width) ; P transistor. POLY minimum width 1 ; polysilicon, not transistor gate. ALU1 minimum width 1 ; first level of metal. ALU2 minimum width 2 ; second level of metal. ALU3 minimum width 3 ; third level of metal (unused). TPOLY minimum width 1 ; through route for POLY. TALU1 minimum width 1 ; through route for ALU1. TALU2 minimum width 2 ; through route for ALU2. TALU3 minimum width 3 ; through route for ALU3 (unused). Mbk patterns CONT_POLY cut pattern from ALU1 to POLY CONT_VIA cut pattern from ALU1 to ALU2 CONT_VIA2 cut pattern from ALU2 to ALU3 CONT_DIF_N cut pattern from ALU1 to NDIF CONT_DIF_P cut pattern from ALU1 to PDIF CONT_BODY_N cut pattern from ALU1 to NTIE CONT_BODY_P cut pattern from ALU1 to PTIE C_X_N corner primitive for L or S shaped N transistor C_X_P corner primitive for L or S shaped P transistor Rds layers RDS_NWELL N-well (or N-tub), bulk for P transistors. RDS_PWELL P-well (or P-tub), bulk for N transistors. RDS_NDIF use for symbolic extractor as equivalent of NDIF. RDS_PDIF use for symbolic extractor as equivalent of PDIF. RDS_NTIE use for symbolic extractor as equivalent of NTIE. RDS_PTIE use for symbolic extractor as equivalent of PTIE. RDS_POLY polysillicon run, for cell internal wirering. RDS_GATE transistor polysillicon, for gate. RDS_TPOLY polysillicon feed through. Indicate to a router that a track is free of polysillicon. RDS_CONT hole in the isolating layer between polysillicon or active area and first metal level. RDS_ALU1 first metal level run. RDS_TALU1 first metal level feed through. Indicates to a router that a track is free of first metal level. RDS_VIA1 hole in the isolating layer between first metal level and second metal level. RDS_ALU2 second metal level run. RDS_TALU2 second metal level feed through. Indicate to a router that a track is free of second metal level. RDS_VIA2 hole in the isolating layer between second metal level and third metal level. RDS_ALU3 third metal level run. RDS_TALU3 third metal level feed through. Indicate to a router that a track is free of third metal level. RDS_ALU4 fourth metal. (Used only for GaAs designs.) RDS_VIA3 hole in the isolating layer between third metal level and fourth metal level. (Used only for GaAs designs.) RDS_ACTIV active area dropped in N or P implant to build transistors. RDS_NIMP implant area, (sometime known as N select), for N transistors. RDS_PIMP implant area, (sometime known as P select), for P transistors. RDS_CPAS passivation, used in pads. RDS_USER0 user defined purpose layer. (May be used for DRC logical operations.) RDS_USER1 user defined purpose layer. (May be used for DRC logical operations.) RDS_USER2 user defined purpose layer. (May be used for DRC logical operations.) RDS_REF virtual layer for the representation of symbolic references RDS_ABOX virtual layer needed to indicate the abutment box of a model. RDS_DEFAULT default layer, shall never appear anywhere. FILE DESCRIPTION The following lines describe the file, entry by entry, specifying what is expected. Physical grid DEFINE PHYSICAL_GRID .5 This statement defines the minimum grid spacing en- forced by the foundry. Lambda DEFINE LAMBDA 1 This defines the value of the lambda in microns. This value, like any other one in the rest of the file must be a multiple of the PHYSICAL_GRID. Segment translation table TABLE MBK_TO_RDS_SEGMENT This table contains all the information needed to translate a symbolic segment of a given layer onto one, two or three real rectangles of specified layers. An example of this table is given below, with values needed for a technology where one lambda is equal to 1.05 <mu> and the design grid is set to 0.15 microns. TABLE MBK_TO_RDS_SEGMENT NWELL RDS_NWELL VW 3.15 6.30 0.0 ALL NDIF RDS_ACTIV VW 0.60 -0.90 0.0 ALL \ RDS_NIMP VW 2.10 2.10 0.0 ALL PDIF RDS_ACTIV VW 0.60 -0.90 0.0 ALL \ RDS_PIMP VW 2.10 2.10 0.0 ALL NTIE RDS_ACTIV VW 0.60 -0.90 0.0 ALL \ RDS_NIMP VW 1.20 0.30 0.0 ALL PTIE RDS_ACTIV VW 0.60 -0.90 0.0 ALL \ RDS_PIMP VW 1.20 0.30 0.0 ALL NTRANS RDS_GATE VW 0.00 0.15 0.0 ALL \ RDS_ACTIV VW -1.50 4.35 0.0 ALL \ RDS_NIMP VW 0.00 7.35 0.0 ALL PTRANS RDS_GATE VW 0.00 0.15 0.0 ALL \ RDS_ACTIV VW -1.50 4.35 0.0 ALL \ RDS_PIMP VW 0.00 7.35 0.0 ALL POLY RDS_POLY VW 0.60 0.15 0.0 ALL ALU1 RDS_ALU1 VW 0.90 0.75 0.0 ALL ALU2 RDS_ALU2 VW 0.90 -0.30 0.0 ALL TPOLY RDS_TPOLY VW 0.60 0.15 0.0 ALL TALU1 RDS_TALU1 VW 0.90 0.75 0.0 ALL TALU2 RDS_TALU2 VW 0.90 -0.30 0.0 ALL END The first column is the mbk(1) layer name to be trans- lated, then there one or more groups of 6 columns each. For each physical rectangle, there are 3 parameters : - rds layer name - One of VW, LCW, RCW that indicates the `type' of seg- ment to be generated - physical length extension: DLR - physical width oversize: DWR - offset from symbolic axis: OFFSET - tools for which the generated rectangle is applica- ble: ALL, DRC (for the symbolic design rule checker, see druc(1)), EXT (for the symbolic extractor, see lynx(1)) These parameters are meant regarding the sym- bolic segment. Connectors translation table TABLE MBK_TO_RDS_CONNECTOR This table contains all the information needed to translate a symbolic connector of a given layer onto one single real rectangle. An example of this table is given below, with values needed for a technology where one lambda is equal to 1.05 <mu> and the design grid is set to 0.15 micron. TABLE MBK_TO_RDS_CONNECTOR POLY RDS_POLY 0.6 0.15 ALU1 RDS_ALU1 0.9 0.75 ALU2 RDS_ALU2 0.9 -0.3 END One symbolic connector is translated into one physical rectangle using 3 parameters : - rds layer name - physical width oversize: DWR - physical extension on each side of the abutment box: DER It is discouraged to use active or well layers as con- nectors while designing. Vias translation table TABLE MBK_TO_RDS_VIA This table contains all the information needed to translate a symbolic via of a given layer onto one to four real rectangles of user specified layers. An ex- ample of this table is given below, with values needed for a technology where one lambda is equal to 1.05 <mu> and the design grid is set to 0.15 micron. TABLE MBK_TO_RDS_VIA CONT_BODY_N RDS_ALU1 3 RDS_CONT 1.5 RDS_ACTIV 3.3 RDS_NIMP 4.5 CONT_BODY_P RDS_ALU1 3 RDS_CONT 1.5 RDS_ACTIV 3.3 RDS_PIMP 4.5 CONT_DIF_N RDS_ALU1 3 RDS_CONT 1.5 RDS_ACTIV 3.3 RDS_NIMP 6.3 CONT_DIF_P RDS_ALU1 3 RDS_CONT 1.5 RDS_ACTIV 3.3 RDS_PIMP 6.3 CONT_POLY RDS_ALU1 3 RDS_CONT 1.5 RDS_POLY 3 CONT_VIA RDS_ALU1 3 RDS_VIA1 1.5 RDS_ALU2 3 CONT_VIA2 C_X_N RDS_GATE 1.2 RDS_ACTIV 5.4 RDS_NIMP 8.4 C_X_P RDS_GATE 1.2 RDS_ACTIV 5.4 RDS_PIMP 8.4 END This table describes how to translate one symbolic via, to 2, 3 or 4 physical rectangles. The table is defined as follow : The first column is the mbk(1) via name to translate, then there are 4 groups of 2 columns each, which correspond to four potential targets rds rectan- gles of user specified layer. In one group the first column is the rds layer name, the second one is the rds layer width. The rectangle is centered on the contact coordinates, and expands in the four direction of half the given width value. Denotching values table TABLE S2R_OVERSIZE_DENOTCH This table contains the oversize value needed to erase notches. All the rectangles of the same rds layer are oversized by this value and then merged altogether and undersized by the same value. An example of this table is given below. TABLE S2R_OVERSIZE_DENOTCH RDS_NWELL 3.00 RDS_POLY 0.75 RDS_GATE 0.75 RDS_ALU1 0.75 RDS_ALU2 0.75 RDS_ACTIV 1.05 RDS_NIMP 2.55 RDS_PIMP 2.55 END For some rds layers, like RDS_NWELL, RDS_NIMP and RDS_PIMP, two rectangles distant from less or equal the minimun spacing design rule must be merged in a single one. In this case, the oversize value is equal to the minimum spacing rule between two edges of the same layer divided by 2. Some other rds layers, like RDS_ALU1, ..., must not be merged. In this case, the oversize value is equal to the minimum spacing rule between two edges of the same layer divided by 2, minus the physical grid. Some layers never create notch, such as RDS_VIA1 or RDS_CONT, so the oversize value is null. Ring width TABLE S2R_BLOC_RING_WIDTH s2r must merge segments to erase notches even if those segments are in two different hierarchical level blocs, for example, two blocs abuted side to side. So, it must be able to fetch segments inside blocs. It is not needed to flatten the entire bloc, only a ring is nec- essary. The ring is computed from the abutment box edges or from the envelop edges of the overlapping blocs. An example of this table is given below. TABLE S2R_BLOC_RING_WIDTH RDS_NWELL 6 RDS_POLY 1.8 RDS_GATE 1.8 RDS_ALU1 1.8 RDS_ALU2 1.8 RDS_ACTIV 2.4 RDS_NIMP 1.8 RDS_PIMP 1.8 END The normal ring width is the minimum spacing design rule between two segments of the same rds layer. A zero means that no ring is wanted for that rds layer. Minimum real layer width design rule TABLE S2R_MINIMUM_LAYER_WIDTH This table contains the minimum width of each rds layer. It is used by s2r to avoid creating rectangles below the minimum required, during the merge operation. TABLE S2R_MINIMUM_LAYER_WIDTH RDS_NWELL 6 RDS_POLY 1.2 RDS_GATE 1.2 RDS_ALU1 1.8 RDS_ALU2 1.8 RDS_ACTIV 1.2 RDS_NIMP 2.7 RDS_PIMP 2.7 END A zero can be specified, when it is sure that this layer is not to be merged, because not treated by s2r. Post treatment configuration table TABLE S2R_POST_TREAT This table indicates to s2r which rds layers must be post-processed. Precicely if a layer is only to be be translated, or translated and then post-processed. Translated means translate and fit from symbolic to real, and postreated that it should also be merged with its neighbours. For example, it's not necessary to merge cut layers such as RDS_CONT. TABLE S2R_POST_TREAT RDS_NWELL TREAT NULL RDS_PWELL NOTREAT NULL RDS_NDIF NOTREAT NULL RDS_PDIF NOTREAT NULL RDS_NTIE NOTREAT NULL RDS_PTIE NOTREAT NULL RDS_POLY TREAT NULL RDS_GATE TREAT NULL RDS_TPOLY NOTREAT NULL RDS_CONT NOTREAT NULL RDS_ALU1 TREAT NULL RDS_TALU1 NOTREAT NULL RDS_VIA1 NOTREAT NULL RDS_ALU2 TREAT NULL RDS_TALU2 NOTREAT NULL RDS_VIA2 NOTREAT NULL RDS_ALU3 NOTREAT NULL RDS_TALU3 NOTREAT NULL RDS_ACTIV TREAT NULL RDS_NIMP TREAT RDS_PIMP RDS_PIMP TREAT RDS_NIMP RDS_REF NOTREAT NULL RDS_ABOX NOTREAT NULL END If set to NOTREAT, the first parameter indicates a translation. If set to TREAT, then the layer is trans- lated and then post-treated To post-process creates problems with the implantation layers. It is possible to have a good symbolic layout (no symbolic design rule errors), and have a resulting layout with DRC violations, created by a poor post-pro- cessing. It is due to the fact that these layers do not exist in symbolic, so it is not possible to apply them drc verifications. If two rectangles of these layers are too close (less than a given value), they must be merged. Generally, there is no problem, but when corners are too near it is impossible to merge with the classical algorithm, expand, merge, then shrink. Rectangles, known as scotches, are created to merge anyway, like this : +--------+ +--------+ +-----+--+ |////////| |////////| |/////|//| |//+--+//| |//+--+//| |//+--|//| |//| |//| gives -> |//| |//| or -> |//| |//| |//+--+//| +-----------+ |//+--|//| |////////| |///////////| |/////|//| +--------+ +--------+//| +-----|//| ^ +--------+ |//|-----+ |//+--------+ | |////////| |//|/////| |///////////| o--->|//+--+//| |//|--+//| +-----------+ | |//| |//| |//| |//| |//| |//| implant |//+--+//| |//|--+//| |//|--+//| areas |////////| |//|/////| |//|/////| +--------+ +--+-----+ +--+-----+ A N implantation layer should not overlap a P implanta- tion one. We say that P implantations and N implanta- tions are complementary. A scotch will not be created if it intersects with any of the rectangles of the com- plementary layers. If a record contains in the second field a rds layer different from NULL, it indicates the complementary layer. This implies that if it is a layer that might need scotches the algorithm will try not to intersect with it when creating scotches. Extraction graph table TABLE LYNX_GRAPH This table gives the connexion graph between the rds layers. For each layer, the list of the connectable layers is written. Up to now, the extractor works only on translated symbolic layout. TABLE LYNX_GRAPH RDS_NDIF RDS_CONT RDS_NDIF RDS_PDIF RDS_CONT RDS_PDIF RDS_NTIE RDS_CONT RDS_NTIE RDS_PTIE RDS_CONT RDS_PTIE RDS_POLY RDS_CONT RDS_GATE RDS_POLY RDS_GATE RDS_POLY RDS_GATE RDS_CONT RDS_PDIF RDS_NDIF RDS_POLY RDS_PTIE RDS_NTIE RDS_ALU1 RDS_CONT RDS_ALU1 RDS_CONT RDS_VIA1 RDS_ALU1 RDS_REF RDS_REF RDS_CONT RDS_VIA1 RDS_ALU1 RDS_REF RDS_VIA1 RDS_ALU1 RDS_ALU2 RDS_VIA1 RDS_ALU2 RDS_VIA1 RDS_VIA2 RDS_ALU2 RDS_VIA2 RDS_ALU2 RDS_ALU3 RDS_VIA2 RDS_ALU3 RDS_VIA2 RDS_ALU3 END Extraction capacitance table TABLE LYNX_CAPA This table gives the capacitance in picofarad per square lambda of each layer. The extractor computes only substrat capacitances. The capacitances associ- ated with gate or drain or sources are not computed. On the other hand the transistor sizes (area, perime- ter) are computed. (This is to ensure compatibility with Spice). TABLE LYNX_CAPA RDS_POLY 1.00e-04 RDS_ALU1 0.50e-04 RDS_ALU2 0.25e-04 END Cif translation table TABLE CIF_LAYER This table gives the equivalence between internal lay- ers and their representation in the cif file format. A table may look like that (for MOSIS layers): TABLE CIF_LAYER RDS_NWELL CWN RDS_PWELL CWP RDS_ACTIV CAA RDS_NIMP CSN RDS_PIMP CSP RDS_POLY CPG RDS_GATE CPG RDS_CONT CCA RDS_ALU1 CMF RDS_VIA1 CVA RDS_ALU2 CMS END Gds translation table TABLE GDS_LAYER This table gives the equivalence between internal lay- ers and there representation in the gds file. A table may look like that (for CMP layers): TABLE GDS_LAYER RDS_NWELL 1 RDS_POLY 11 RDS_GATE 11 RDS_CONT 16 RDS_ALU1 17 RDS_VIA1 18 RDS_ALU2 19 RDS_ACTIV 2 RDS_NIMP 12 RDS_PIMP 14 RDS_CPAS 20 END SEE ALSO Insights on the symbolic to real translation process are available in the file mapping.ps ASIM/LIP6 October 1, 1997 PROL(5)
NAME | DESCRIPTION | LAYERS AND PATTERNS | FILE DESCRIPTION | SEE ALSO
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