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TURN(1) TURN(1) GENERAL INFORMATION A set of turnutils_* programs provides some utility functionality to be used for testing and for setting up the TURN server. 1. turnutils_uclient: emulates multiple UDP,TCP,TLS or DTLS clients. (this program is provided for the testing purposes only !) The com- piled binary image of this program is located in bin/ sub-directory. 2. turnutils_peer: a simple stateless UDP-only "echo" server, to be used as the final server in relay pattern ("peer"). For every incom- ing UDP packet, it simply echoes it back. (this program is provided for the testing purposes only !) When the test clients are communi- cating in the client-to-client manner (when the "turnutils_uclient" program is used with "-y" option) then the turnutils_peer is not needed. The compiled binary image of this program is located in bin/ subdirectory. 3. turnutils_stunclient: a simple STUN client example. The compiled binary image of this program is located in bin/ subdirectory. 4. turnutils_rfc5769check: a utility that checks the correctness of the STUN/TURN protocol implementation. This utility is used only for the compilation check procedure, it is not copied to the installation destination. In the "examples/scripts" subdirectory, you will find the examples of com- mand lines to be used to run the programs. The scripts are meant to be run from examples/ subdirectory, for example: $ cd examples $ ./scripts/secure_relay.sh 5. turnutils_natdiscovery: a utility that provides NAT behavior discov- ery according RFC5780. This utility discovers the actual NAT Mapping and Filtering behavior, etc. Be aware that on TURN server side two different listening IP addresses should be configured to be able to work properly! 6. turnutils_oauth: a utility that provides OAuth access_token genera- tion(AEAD encryption), validation and decryption. This utility in- puts all the keys and lifetimes and any related information that needed for creation and validationi of an access_token. It outputs a JSON with all OAuth PoP parameters that need to pass to the client. Output is generated accoriding RFC7635 Appendix B, Figure 8. For more details, and for the access_token structure, read rfc7635, and see script in examples/scripts/oauth.sh. ===================================== NAME turnutils_uclient - this client emulation application is supplied for the test purposes only. SYNOPSIS $ turnutils_uclient [-tTSvsyhcxg] [options] <TURN-Server-IP-address> DESCRIPTION It was designed to simulate multiple clients. It uses asynch IO API in libevent to handle multiple clients. A client connects to the relay, nego- tiates the session, and sends multiple (configured number) messages to the server (relay), expecting the same number of replies. The length of the messages is configurable. The message is an arbitrary octet stream. The number of the messages to send is configurable. Flags: -t Use TCP for communications between client and TURN server (default is UDP). -b Use SCTP for communications between client and TURN server (default is UDP). -T Use TCP for the relay transport (default - UDP). Implies options -t, -y, -c, and ignores flags and options -s, -e, -r and -g. Can be used together with -b. -P Passive TCP (RFC6062 with active peer). Implies -T. -S Secure SSL connection: SSL/TLS for TCP, DTLS for UDP, TLS/SCTP for SCTP. -U Secure unencrypted connection (suite eNULL): SSL/TLS for TCP, DTLS for UDP. -v Verbose. -s Use "Send" method in TURN; by default, it uses TURN Channels. -y Use client-to-client connections: RTP/RTCP pair of channels to another RTP/RTCP pair of channels. with this option the turnutils_peer application is not used, as the allo- cated relay endpoints are talking to each other. -h Hang on indefinitely after the last sent packet. -c Do not create rtcp connections. -x Request IPv6 relay address (RFC6156). -X IPv4 relay address explicitly requested. -g Set DONT_FRAGMENT parameter in TURN requests. -D Do mandatory channel padding even for UDP (like pjnath). -N do negative tests (some limited cases only). -R do negative protocol tests. -O DOS attack mode. -M Use TURN ICE Mobility. -I Do not set permissions on TURN relay endpoints (for testing the non-standard server relay functionality). -G Generate extra requests (create permissions, channel bind). -B Random disconnect after a few initial packets. -Z Dual allocation (SSODA). Implies -c option. -J Use oAuth with default test keys kid='north', 'union' or 'oldempire'. -Y Load-generator mode: packet floods data through a single TURN allocation as fast as possible, alloc creates allocations as fast as possible, and invalid sends small in- valid packets to the TURN listener as fast as possible. Load-generator modes imply -c and do not support -y. --no-even-port Never attach an EVEN-PORT attribute to ALLOCATE requests. The default clnet_allocate path picks 0 or -1 randomly even under -c, which the turnserver --multiplex-peer mode strictly rejects with error 400. Use --no-even-port for clean alloc-flood runs and any other testing against --multiplex-peer. --listener-threads <N> Number of receive (listener) threads on the loadgen (also available as -K N). Default auto: 0 for -m < 4, bumped to 1 when -m >= 4. 0 keeps the legacy single-event-base behaviour. Each listener owns its own libevent base; sessions are sharded round-robin. Max 4. --sender-threads <N> Number of send (timer-driven) threads on the loadgen. De- fault auto: 0 for -m < 4, bumped to 2 when -m >= 4. 0 keeps the legacy single-threaded send (main thread's timer_handler iterates all ses- sions). Each sender owns its own libevent base and a session shard; per-tick sends coalesce into one UDP-GSO sendmsg (or one sendmmsg when GSO is unavailable). Max 4. Options with required values: -l Message length (Default: 100 Bytes). -i Certificate file (for secure connections only, optional). -k Private key file (for secure connections only). -E CA file for server certificate verification, if the server certificate to be verified. -p TURN Server port (Defaults: 3478 unsecure, 5349 secure). -n Number of messages to send (Default: 5). In load-generator mode, -n is the number of operations per client. If omitted there, the client runs until interrupted. -d Local interface device (optional, Linux only). -L Local IP address (optional). -m Number of clients (Default: 1, 2 or 4, depending on options). -e Peer address. -r Peer port (Default: 3480). -z Per-session packet interval in milliseconds (Default: 20). In packet and invalid load-generator modes the default is 0 ms. -u STUN/TURN user name. -w STUN/TURN user password. -W TURN REST API secret. The "plain text" secret e.g. "north" that is stored in the value column of the turn_secret table in the database if dynamic, or the static-auth-secret value set in the configuration file if using static. -C This is the timestamp/username separator symbol (character) in TURN REST API. The default value is :. -F Cipher suite for TLS/DTLS. Default value is DEFAULT. -o the ORIGIN STUN attribute value. -a Bandwidth for the bandwidth request in ALLOCATE. The default value is zero. Notes for load-generator mode: * packet mode still performs the normal TURN allocation/setup and then starts sending immediately with no pacing. * alloc mode does not require -e; it repeatedly establishes new al- locations and closes them again. * alloc mode does not require -e; it repeatedly establishes new al- locations, uses a unique client local port for each one, attaches each one to a unique synthetic peer ip:port, and closes them again. * invalid mode does not require -e; by default it uses 16-byte pay- loads unless -l is specified. See the examples in the "examples/scripts" directory. ====================================== NAME turnutils_peer - a simple UDP-only echo backend server. SYNOPSIS $ turnutils_peer [-v] [options] DESCRIPTION This application is used for the test purposes only, as a peer for the tur- nutils_uclient application. Options with required values: -p Listening UDP port (Default: 3480). -d Listening interface device (optional) -L Listening address of turnutils_peer server. Multiple listening ad- dresses can be used, IPv4 and IPv6. If no listener address(es) de- fined, then it listens on all IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. -v Verbose ======================================== NAME turnutils_stunclient - a basic STUN client. SYNOPSIS $ turnutils_stunclient [options] <STUN-Server-IP-address> DESCRIPTION It sends a "new" STUN RFC 5389 request (over UDP) and shows the reply in- formation. Options with required values: -p STUN server port (Default: 3478). -L Local address to use (optional). -f Force RFC 5780 processing. -c Continuously send STUN binding requests and report round-trip la- tency until interrupted. -i Interval between continuous requests in milliseconds (Default: 1000). -t Response timeout in milliseconds (Default: 3000). The turnutils_stunclient program checks the results of the first request, and if it finds that the STUN server supports RFC 5780 (the binding re- sponse reveals that) then the turnutils_stunclient makes a couple more re- quests with different parameters, to demonstrate the NAT discovery capabil- ities. Continuous mode reports every response or timeout and prints packet loss and minimum/average/maximum round-trip latency when interrupted with Ctrl-C. This utility does not support the "old" "classic" STUN protocol (RFC 3489). ===================================== NAME turnutils_rfc5769check - a utility that tests the correctness of STUN pro- tocol implementation. SYNOPSIS $ turnutils_rfc5769check DESCRIPTION turnutils_rfc5769check tests the correctness of STUN protocol implementa- tion against the test vectors predefined in RFC 5769 and prints the results of the tests on the screen. This utility is used only for the compilation check procedure, it is not copied to the installation destination. Usage: $ turnutils_rfc5769check ===================================== NAME turnutils_natdiscovery - a utility that discovers NAT mapping and filter- ing behavior according RFC5780. SYNOPSIS $ turnutils_natdiscovery [options] <STUN-Server-FQDN-or-IP-address> DESCRIPTION turnutils_natdiscovery discovers the NAT Mapping and Filtering behavior, to determine if that NAT is currently using Endpoint-Independent, Address-De- pendent, or Address and Port-Dependent Mapping and/or to determine if that NAT is currently using Endpoint-Independent, Address-Dependent, or Address and Port-Dependent Filtering. Use either -m, -f, -c, -H flag to discover NAT behavior. Flags: -m NAT mapping behavior discovery -f NAT filtering behavior discovery -t NAT mapping lifetime behavior discovery Requires a timer (-T) -c NAT collision behavior discovery -H NAT hairpinning behavior discovery -P Add 1500 byte Padding to the behavior discovery Applicable with all except NAT mapping Lifetime discovery Options with required values: -p STUN server port (Default: 3478) -L Local address to use (optional) -l Local port to use (use with -L) -A Secondary Local address (optional) Required for collision discovery -T Mapping lifetime timer (sec) Used by mapping lifetime behav- ior discovery Usage: $ turnutils_natdiscovery -m -f stun.example.com ===================================== NAME turnutils_oauth - a utility that helps OAuth access_token generation/en- cryption and validation/decyption SYNOPSIS $ turnutils_oauth [options] DESCRIPTION turnutils_oauth utility provides help in OAuth access_token encryption and/or decryption with AEAD (Atuthenticated Encryption with Associated Data). It helps for an Auth Server in access_token creation, and also for debugging purposes it helps the access_token validation and decryption. This utility inputs all the keys and lifetimes and any related information that are needed for encryption or decryption of an access_token. It outputs a JSON with all OAuth PoP parameters that need to pass to the client. Out- put is generated accoriding RFC7635 Appendix B, Figure 8. This utility could help to build an Auth Server service, but be awere that this utility does not generate "session key" / "mac_key" and not verifies lifetime of "session key" / "mac_key" or "Auth key". For more details, and for the ac- cess_token structure, read rfc7635, and see the example in exam- ples/scripts/oauth.sh. Use either -e and/or -d flag to encrypt or decrypt access_token. Flags: -h, --help usage -v, --verbose verbose mode -e, --encrypt encrypt token -d, --decrypt decrypt validate token Options with required values: -i, --server-name server name (max. 255 char) -j, --auth-key-id Auth key id (max. 32 char) -k, --auth-key base64 encoded Auth key -l --auth-key-timestamp Auth key timestamp (sec since epoch) -m, --auth-key-lifetime Auth key lifetime in sec -n, --auth-key-as-rs-alg Authorization Server(AS) - Resource Server(RS) encryption algorithm -o, --token-nonce base64 encoded nonce base64(12 octet) = 16 char -p, --token-mac-key base64 encoded MAC key base64(32 octet) = 44 char -q, --token-timestamp timestamp in format 64 bit unsigned (Native format - Unix), so 48 bit for secs since epoch UTC + 16 bit for 1/64000 fractions of a second. e.g.: the actual unixtimestamp 16 bit left shifted. (Default: actual gm- time) -r, --token-lifetime lifetime in sec (Default: 3600) -t, --token base64 encoded encrypted token for validation and decryption -u, --hmac-alg stun client hmac algorithm Usage: $ turnutils_natdiscovery =================================== DOCS After installation, run the command: $ man turnutils or in the project root directory: $ man -M man turnutils to see the man page. ===================================== FILES /etc/turnserver.conf /var/db/turndb /usr/local/var/db/turndb /var/lib/turn/turndb /usr/local/etc/turnserver.conf ================================= DIRECTORIES /usr/local/share/turnserver /usr/local/share/doc/turnserver /usr/local/share/examples/turnserver =================================== STANDARDS new STUN RFC 5389 TURN RFC 5766 TURN-TCP extension RFC 6062 TURN IPv6 extension RFC 6156 STUN/TURN test vectors RFC 5769 STUN NAT behavior discovery RFC 5780 ==================================== SEE ALSO turnserver, turnadmin ====================================== WEB RESOURCES project page: https://github.com/coturn/coturn/ Wiki page: https://github.com/coturn/coturn/wiki forum: https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups=#!fo- rum/turn-server-project-rfc5766-turn-server/ ====================================== AUTHORS See the AUTHORS.md file in the coturn source distribution. 17 May 2026 TURN(1)
GENERAL INFORMATION | ===================================== | ====================================== | ======================================== | ===================================== | ===================================== | ===================================== | =================================== | DOCS | ===================================== | FILES | ================================= | DIRECTORIES | =================================== | STANDARDS | TURN RFC 5766 | ==================================== | SEE ALSO | ====================================== | ======================================
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