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uftp(1) General Commands Manual uftp(1) NAME uftp - Encrypted UDP based ftp with multicast - server SYNOPSIS uftp [ -R txrate ] [ -L logfile ] [ -B udp_buf_size ] [ -g max_log_size ] [ -n max_log_count ] [ -Y keytype ] [ -h hashtype ] [ -k key_file ] [ -K key_length | curve ] [ -l ] [ -T ] [ -b block_size ] [ -t ttl ] [ -Q dscp ] [ -z | -Z ] [ -I interface ] [ -p port ] [ -u source_port ] [ -j proxylist_file ] [ -q ] [ -f ] [ -y ] [ -U UID ] [ -a max_passes ] [ -x log_level ] [ -W txweight ] [ -H host[,host...] | -H @hostlist_file | -F restart_file ] [ -X exclude_file ] [ -M pub_multicast_addr ] [ -P priv_multicast_addr ] [ -N max_nak_pct ] [ -C cc_type ] [ -o ][ -D dest_name ] [ -E base_dir[,base_dir... ] ] [ -S status_file ] [ -r init_grtt[:min_grtt:max_grtt] ] [ -s robust ] { -i list_file | file [ file... ] } DESCRIPTION uftp is the server process of the UFTP suite. It sends one or more files to one or more receivers via multicast with optional encryption. OPTIONS The following options are supported: -R txrate The transmission speed in Kbps. Specifying -1 for this value re- sults in data being sent as fast as the network interface will al- low. Using a value of -1 is recommended only if the network path between the server and all clients is as fast as the server's local interface, and works best in a gigabit environment. Default is 1000 Kbps. Ignored if -C is given any value other than "none". -L logfile Specifies the log file. Default is to write to stderr. -B buf_size The size in bytes of the UDP send buffer and receive buffer to use. Valid values are 65536-104857600 (64KB-100MB). Defaults to 262144. -g max_log_size Specifies the maximum log file size in MB. Once the log file reaches this size, the file is renamed with a .1 extension and a new log file is opened. For example, if the log file is /tmp/uftp.log, it will be renamed /tmp/uftp.log.1 and a new /tmp/uftp.log will be created. Ignored if -L is not specified. Valid values are 1-1024. Default is no log rolling. -n max_log_count Specifies the maximum number of archive log files to keep when log rolling is active. When the log file rolls, archive logs are re- named with an incrementing numerical extension until the max is reached. Archive log files beyond the maximum are deleted. Ignored if -L and -g are not specified. Valid values are 1-1000. Default is 5. -Y keytype The symmetric encryption algorithm to use. Valid values are "aes128-gcm", "aes256-gcm", "aes128-ccm", "aes256-ccm", or "none" to not set up encryption at all. Default is "aes256-gcm". -h hashtype The hashing algorithm to use for key derivation. Valid values are "sha256" for SHA-256, "sha384" for SHA-384, and "sha512" for SHA-512. Defaults to "sha256". Ignored if -Y is "none". -e curve Specifies the EC curve used to generate an ECDH key for key ex- change. Defaults to secp256r1 (see -k and -K for the list of avail- able EC curves). Ignored if -Y is "none". -c If specified, forces clients to authenticate by sending their RSA / ECDSA public key in a CLIENT_KEY message. Client key fingerprints and proxy key fingerprints specified by -H and -j respectively will NOT be checked unless -c is specified. Ignored if -Y is "none". -m max_nak_count Specifies the number of times a client reports naks beyond the maxi- mum percentage before getting dropped. Valid values are 1-10. De- fault is 1. -k key_file -K {rsa:key_len | ec:curve} These two options are used to read and/or write the server's RSA/ECDSA private key. Both are ignored if -Y is "none". The -K option creates an RSA or ECDSA private key. New keys are specified as either rsa:key_length, which creates an RSA private key key_length bits wide, or as ec:curve, which creates an EC key using the curve "curve". The supported EC curves are secp256r1 (prime256v1), secp384r1, and secp521r1. If neither -k nor -K are specified, an EC private key using curve secp256r1 is generated and not persisted. If -k is specified but not -K, the RSA or ECDSA private key is read from key_file. If -k is not specified but -K is, an RSA or ECDSA private key is generated but not persisted. If both -k and -K are specified, an RSA or ECDSA private key is gen- erated and stored in key_file. The definition of key_file is dependent on the crypto library UFTP is compiled to use. On Windows systems, UFTP uses CNG (Cryptography API: Next Genera- tion). Under CNG, all RSA and EC private keys must be stored in a key container (technically only keys used to sign data, but for UFTP's purposes this is the case). Key containers are internal to Windows, and each user (and the system) has its own set of key con- tainers. In this case, key_file is actually the name of the key container. All other systems use OpenSSL for the crypto library (although under Windows UFTP can be also be built to use it). In this case, key_file specifies a file name where the RSA private key is stored unencrypted in PEM format (the OS is expected to protect this file). When both -k and -K are specified, the file is only written to if it does not currently exist. If the file does exist, an error message will be returned and the server will exit. When -k is not speci- fied, the generated key is not persisted. These PEM files may also be manipulated via the openssl(1) command line tool. Keys can also be generated and viewed via the uftp_keymgt(1) util- ity. -l Follow symbolic links. By default, if the server encounters a sym- bolic link, it will send the link itself instead of the file it points to. Specifying this flag causes the server to send the file the link points to. -T Print the timestamp on each line of output. If -L is specified, this option is implied. -b block_size Specifies the size of a data block. This value should be around 100-200 bytes less that the path MTU to provide ample room for all headers and extensions, up to and including the IP and UDP headers. Prior to version 4.0, this option specified the MTU and calculated the block size based on that. Default is 1300. -t ttl Specifies the time-to-live for multicast packets. Default is 1. -Q dscp Specifies the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP), formerly Type of Service (TOS), in the IP header for all outgoing packets. Valid values are 0-63 and may be specified in either decimal or hexadecimal. Default is 0. Not currently supported on Windows. -z Enables sync mode. Clients will check if an incoming file exists. If so, the client will decline the incoming file if it either older than the existing file or the same age and the same size as the ex- isting file. As of version 4.1, parsable output that was previously generated by this option is now enabled separately via the -S option. -Z Sync preview mode. Works like sync mode, except no files are actu- ally transmitted, and the RESULT and STATS lines reflect the status of each file had they actually been sent. The "time" and "speed" datapoints are approximated based on the transmission speed. -I interface The interface to send the data from. Can be specified either by in- terface name, by hostname, or by IP. If not specified, the default system interface is used. -p port The UDP port number to send to. Default is 1044. -u source_port The UDP port number to send from. Default is 0, which uses a random port number. -j proxylist_file A file containing a list of proxies the server is expecting to hear from. The file should contain the ID of a proxy optionally followed by the proxy's public key fingerprint, with one on each line. If a key fingerprint is given, the key specified by the proxy must match the fingerprint. This option should not be used without -H. If -H is specified, -j must also be specified if proxies are expected to respond, otherwise the server will reject the proxies. Example contents: 0x00001111|66:1E:C9:1D:FC:99:DB:60:B0:1A:F0:8F:CA:F4:28:27:A6:BE:94:BC 0x00002222 -q Quit-on-error flag. Normally, the server will continue with a ses- sion as long as at least one client is still active. With this flag, the server will quit if any client aborts, drops out, or never responds. Most useful in conjunction with clients using the temp directory option (-T) so that clients that successfully receive at least one file before being told to abort don't have files from an aborted session in the destination directory. -f Restartable flag. If specified, and at least one client fails to receive all files, the server will write a restart file named "_group_{groupID}_restart" in the current directory to save the cur- rent state, which includes the group ID, list of files, and list of failed clients. This file can then be passed to -F to restart the failed transfer. -y For Windows systems using CNG, private keys are normally stored in the key container of the running user. Specifying this option stores keys in the system key container. On non-Windows systems, this option has no effect. -U UID The unique ID for this server, specified as an 8 digit hexadecimal number (0xnnnnnnnn). The default value is based on the IP address of the outgoing multicast address as specified by -I. If this ad- dress is IPv4, the UID is the address. If it is IPv6, the UID is the last 4 bytes of the address. -a max_passes The maximum number of passes that are made through the file for transmission before any clients that have not yet fully received the current file are aborted. Valid values are 0-65535. Default is 65535. -x log_level Specifies current logging level. Valid values are 0-5, with 0 being the least verbose and 5 being the most verbose. Default is 2, which is consistent with logging prior to version 3.5. -W txweight Sets the maximum file transfer time, expressed as a percentage of the optimal time. Valid values are 110-10000. Ignored if conges- tion control is enabled. Default is no maximum time. -H { host[,host...] | @hostlist_file } Specifies the clients for closed group membership. Can be specified as either a comma separated list of client IDs, or can be read from hostlist_file. This file is in the same format as proxylist_file. Note that key fingerprints cannot be specified using the comma sepa- rated syntax. Clients that are behind a proxy do not need key fin- gerprints specified, since the proxy's key fingerprint will be checked instead. If unspecified, open group membership is used, and any client may register. -F restart_file Specifies the name of a restart file to use to resume a failed transfer. If specified, -H may not be specified and all files listed to send will be ignored, since the restart file contains both of these. All other command line options specified on the first at- tempt are not automatically applied, so you can alter then for the next attempt if need be. -X exclude_file A file containing the names of files/paths to be excluded from the session, one per line. For example, if you send a directory called d1 containing subdirectories d2, d3, and d4, and you don't want to send the contents of d4, the exclude_file should contain a line reading "d1/d4". -M pub_multicast_addr The public address to announce on. May be either a multicast ad- dress or a unicast address, and either IPv4 or IPv6. If a unicast address is specified, the -P option is ignored and all data moves over the specified unicast address. If a multicast IPv6 address is specified, -P must also be specified. Default is 230.4.4.1. -P priv_multicast_addr The private multicast address that the data is transferred to. One or more parts of the IP address (other that the first) may be re- placed with the letter 'x', resulting in a random number being cho- sen for that part, either 0-255 for IPv4 or 0-0xFFFF for IPv6. De- fault value is 230.5.5.x. If clients are using source specific mul- ticast (SSM), this and -M must specify valid SSM addresses, which fall in the range 232.0.0.0/8 for IPv4 and ff3x::/32 for IPv6 (here x specifies the multicast scope). The values for -M and -P must both be the same IP version. -N max_nak_pct Specifies the maximum percentage of NAKs that a client can report for a particular section. This option works with the -m option, which specifies the number of times a client may exceed this limit before getting dropped. This allows the server to keep a very slow client from stalling the session for others. Valid values are 0-100. Default is 100. -C cc_type Specifies the congestion control mode to use. Currently supported values are "none" and "tfmcc". Specifying "none" means data will be sent at a fixed rate as specified by the -R option. Specifying "tfmcc" will use the TCP Friendly Multicast Congestion Control scheme as specified in RFC 4654. Normally TFMCC will limit the rate based strictly on loss, however a minimum, maximum, and initial rate in Kbps may each be optionally specified for TFMCC mode as "tfmcc:min=min_rate:init=init_rate:max=max_rate", and any or all of these may be applied and in any order. Default value is "none". TFMCC will make use of the Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) bits in the IP header on systems that support it natively. Known supported systems are Linux, FreeBSD, Windows XP (sender only), Win- dows Vista and later (receiver only), and Solaris (sender only). -o -D dest_name These options specify the name given to the sent file(s) on the client side. If only one file/directory is specified to send and -o is not specified, the name specified by -D is given to that file/di- rectory, and the effects of -E are ignored. If more than one file/directory is specified to send, or if -o is specified, they are placed in a subdirectory with the name specified by -D. This option may also specify an absolute path name. If so, clients must be either all Windows or all UNIX-like, since they have differ- ing filesystem structures, otherwise the behavior is undefined. The server, however, need not be the same OS as the clients. When spec- ifying an absolute path name, the path must be contained in one of a client's destination directories, otherwise the client will reject the file. When sending to Windows clients, an absolute path may be either local (drive:\path\to\file) or remote (\\host\share\path\to\file). -E base_dir[,base_dir...] Specifies one or more "base" directories for files. Normally, for any file/directory specified, any leading path elements are stripped from the name before sending. If the specified file/directory name matches one of the base directories, only the path elements of the base directory are stripped, and the remainder is sent as the file name. Any specified file/directory that does not match a base di- rectory is skipped. For example, without -E, if you pass /path/to/file to send, the transmitted filename is file. If you pass in -E /path, the trans- mitted file name is to/file. -S status_file Prints easily parsable status information to a file. This informa- tion was previously only available in sync mode (-z) and was mixed with the normal logging output. Setting this option to @LOG results in status info being mixed with normal logging output. The following is printed for each client after all have registered: CONNECT;status;target Where "status" is either "success" or "failed", and "target" is the name of the client. The following is printed after each file: RESULT;target;filename;size;status;speed Where "target" is the name of the client, "filename" is the name of the current file, "size" is the size of the file in kilobytes (i.e. 1234KB), "speed" is the transmission speed for that file in KB/s, and status is: copy: The file was sent. overwrite: The file was sent, and overwrote an existing file. Only generated in sync mode. skipped: The file was declined by the client because it is older that the existing file. Only generated in sync mode. rejected: The file was rejected, because the file was sent with an absolute pathname and either the client is using a temp directory or the filename doesn't match one of the client's destination directo- ries. The following is printed at the end of the session: STATS;target;num_copy;num_overwrite;num_skip;total_size;time;speed Where "target" is the name of the client, "num_copy" is the number of files sent with "copy" status, "num_overwrite" is the number of files sent with "overwrite" status, "num_skip" is the number of files sent with "skipped" status, "total_size" is the total size of all files sent in kilobytes, "time" is the total transmission time for all files, and "speed" is the overall transmission speed for all files. Also, the following line is printed verbatim prior to the STATS lines for ease of reading: HSTATS;target;copy;overwrite;skip;totalKB;time;speedKB/s -r init_grtt[:min_grtt:max_grtt] Specifies the initial value, and optionally the min and max values, of the Group Round Trip Time (GRTT) used in timing calculations. The GRTT changes dynamically based on the network conditions. This option is useful if the initial connection period is too short or long, if receivers are getting bogged down and cannot respond to the server quick enough before timing out, or if receivers are getting flagged with too high of an RTT and take too long to recover to a reasonable value. Valid values are 0.001 to 1000. Defaults are 0.5 for init_grtt, 0.01 for min_grtt, and 15.0 for max_grtt. -s robust Specifies the robustness factor for message retransmission. The server will resend particular messages up to robust times while waiting for client responses. Valid values are 10-50. Default is 20. -i list_file Name of a file containing a list of files to send, one per line. Empty lines are ignored. Passing in '-' for list_file reads files from stdin. Other files specified on the command line are ignored if -i is given. file [file...] The file(s) or directory(ies) to send. Any special files (block/character devices, pipes, sockets, etc.) are skipped. By de- fault, any symbolic links are sent as links (see -l). Any Windows client will silently refuse to create them. If -F or -i is speci- fied, any files listed will be ignored. There are also special metafile names that can send commands to the clients. The @DELETE:{filename} metafile instructs the client to delete the given filename. nhe usual rules regarding which of the client's destination directories to use also applies here. The @FREESPACE metafile will cause the client to report back the amount of free disk space in the primary destination directory. EXAMPLES Starting with the default options: uftp the_file The server sends the_file with no encryption at 1000 Kbps, sending an- nouncements over 230.4.4.1 and later messages over 230.5.5.x (x is randomly selected). Any client that responds to the announcement will be accepted. The payload portion of the packets will be 1300 bytes. To send at 50 Mbps: uftp -R 50000 the_file Or to allow the transmission rate to be determined dynamically: uftp -C tfmcc the_file To send multiple files: uftp file_1 file_2 file_3 or: uftp dir_1 dir_2 file_3 To send multiple files that all land in a certain subdirectory on each client: uftp -D dest_dir file_1 file_2 To send announcements over multicast address 224.1.2.3 and later messages over 224.4.5.6: uftp -M 224.1.2.3 -P 224.4.5.6 file Or for IPv6: uftp -M ff02::1:2:3 -P ff02::4:5:6 file Or in unicast mode: uftp -M host_or_ip file Where host_or_ip is the hostname or unicast IP address of the host to send to. To send only to certain hosts: uftp -H client_id_1,client_id_2,client_id_3 file_to_send or: uftp -H @file_containing_list_of_clients file_to_send If you want to use jumbo ethernet frames of 9000 bytes (leaving 200 bytes of space for headers): uftp -b 8800 file_to_send To send /path/to/file1 and /path/to/file2, and have them appear on clients as /remote/dir/to/file1 and /remote/dir/to/file2: uftp -E /path -D /remote/dir /path/to/file1 /path/to/file2 To send a file encrypted with AES-256-CBC and SHA-1 hashing, using an auto- generated 512-bit RSA key to negotiate the session: uftp -Y aes256-cbc -h sha1 file_to_send To do the above with a previously generated RSA key stored in key_file_or_container (under Windows, the name of an internal key con- tainer, otherwise the name of a file containing the key in PEM format): uftp -Y aes256-cbc -h sha1 -k key_file_or_container file_to_send EXIT STATUS The following exit values are returned: 0 The file transfer session finished with at least one client receiv- ing at least one file. 1 An invalid command line parameter was specified. 2 An error occurred while attempting to initialize network connec- tions. 3 An error occurred while reading or generating cryptographic key data. 4 An error occurred while opening or rolling the log file. 5 A memory allocation error occurred. 6 The server was interrupted by the user. 7 No client responded to the ANNOUNCE message. 8 No client responded to a FILEINFO message. 9 All client either dropped out of the session or aborted. Also re- turned if one client drops out or aborts when -q is specified. 10 The session completed, but none of the specified files were received by any client. SEE ALSO uftpd(1), uftpproxyd(1), uftp_keymgt(1). NOTES The latest version of UFTP can be found at http://uftp-multicast.source- forge.net. UFTP is covered by the GNU General Public License. Commercial licenses and support are available from Dennis Bush (bush@tcnj.edu). UFTP 5.0 22 April 2020 uftp(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | EXAMPLES | EXIT STATUS | SEE ALSO | NOTES
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