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XDOTOOL(1) XDOTOOL(1)

NAME
xdotool - command-line X11 automation tool

SYNOPSIS
xdotool cmd args...

Notation: Some documentation uses [window] to denote an optional window
argument. This case means that the argument, if not present, will
default to "%1". See "WINDOW STACK" for what "%1" means.

DESCRIPTION
xdotool lets you programmatically (or manually) simulate keyboard input
and mouse activity, move and resize windows, etc. It does this using
X11's XTEST extension and other Xlib functions.

There is some support for Extended Window Manager Hints (aka EWMH or
NetWM). See the "EXTENDED WINDOW MANAGER HINTS" section for more
information.

KEYBOARD COMMANDS
key [options] keystroke [keystroke ...]
Options:

--window window
Send keystrokes to a specific window id. You can use "WINDOW
STACK" references like "%1" and "%@" here. If there is a window
stack, then "%1" is the default, otherwise the current window
is used.

See also: "SENDEVENT NOTES" and "WINDOW STACK"

--clearmodifiers
Clear modifiers before sending keystrokes. See CLEARMODIFIERS
below.

--delay milliseconds
Delay between keystrokes. Default is 12ms.

Type a given keystroke. Examples being "alt+r", "Control_L+J",
"ctrl+alt+n", "BackSpace".

Generally, any valid X Keysym string will work. Multiple keys are
separated by '+'. Aliases exist for "alt", "ctrl", "shift",
"super", and "meta" which all map to Foo_L, such as Alt_L and
Control_L, etc.

In cases where your keyboard doesn't actually have the key you want
to type, xdotool will automatically find an unused keycode and use
that to type the key.

With respect to "COMMAND CHAINING", this command consumes the
remainder of the arguments or until a new xdotool command is seen,
because no xdotool commands are valid keystrokes.

Example: Send the keystroke "F2"
xdotool key F2

Example: Send 'a' with an accent over it (not on English keyboards,
but still works with xdotool)
xdotool key Aacute

Example: Send ctrl+l and then BackSpace as separate keystrokes:
xdotool key ctrl+l BackSpace

Example: Send ctrl+c to all windows matching title 'gdb' (See
"COMMAND CHAINING")
xdotool search --name gdb key ctrl+c

keydown [options] keystroke
Same as above, except only keydown (press) events are sent.

keyup keystroke
Same as above, except only keyup (release) events are sent.

type [options] something to type
Options:

--window windowid
Send keystrokes to a specific window id. See "SENDEVENT NOTES"
below. The default, if no window is given, depends on the
window stack. If the window stack is empty the current window
is typed at using XTEST. Otherwise, the default is "%1" (see
"WINDOW STACK").

--delay milliseconds
Delay between keystrokes. Default is 12ms.

--clearmodifiers
Clear modifiers before sending keystrokes. See CLEARMODIFIERS
below.

Types as if you had typed it. Supports newlines and tabs (ASCII
newline and tab). Each keystroke is separated by a delay given by
the --delay option.

With respect to "COMMAND CHAINING", this command consumes the
remainder of the arguments and types them. That is, no commands can
chain after 'type'.

Example: to type 'Hello world!' you would do:
xdotool type 'Hello world!'

MOUSE COMMANDS
mousemove [options] x y OR 'restore'
Move the mouse to the specific X and Y coordinates on the screen.

You can move the mouse to the previous location if you specify
'restore' instead of an X and Y coordinate. Restoring only works if
you have moved previously in this same command invocation. Further,
it does not work with the --window option.

For example, to click the top-left corner of the screen and move
the mouse to the original position before you moved it, use this:
xdotool mousemove 0 0 click 1 mousemove restore

--window WINDOW
Specify a window to move relative to. Coordinates 0,0 are at
the top left of the window you choose.

"WINDOW STACK" references are valid here, such as %1 and %@.
Though, using %@ probably doesn't make sense.

--screen SCREEN
Move the mouse to the specified screen to move to. This is only
useful if you have multiple screens and ARE NOT using Xinerama.

The default is the current screen. If you specify --window, the
--screen flag is ignored.

--polar
Use polar coordinates. This makes 'x' an angle (in degrees,
0-360, etc) and 'y' the distance.

Rotation starts at 'up' (0 degrees) and rotates clockwise: 90 =
right, 180 = down, 270 = left.

The origin defaults to the center of the current screen. If you
specify a --window, then the origin is the center of that
window.

--clearmodifiers
See CLEARMODIFIERS

--sync
After sending the mouse move request, wait until the mouse is
actually moved. If no movement is necessary, we will not wait.
This is useful for scripts that depend on actions being
completed before moving on.

Note: We wait until the mouse moves at all, not necessarily
that it actually reaches your intended destination. Some
applications lock the mouse cursor to certain regions of the
screen, so waiting for any movement is better in the general
case than waiting for a specific target.

mousemove_relative [options] x y
Move the mouse x,y pixels relative to the current position of the
mouse cursor.

--polar
Use polar coordinates. This makes 'x' an angle (in degrees,
0-360, etc) and 'y' the distance.

Rotation starts at 'up' (0 degrees) and rotates clockwise: 90 =
right, 180 = down, 270 = left.

Note that we wait until the mouse moves at all, not necessarily
that it actually reaches your intended destination. Some
applications lock the mouse cursor to certain regions of the
screen, so waiting for any movement is better in the general
case than waiting for a specific target.

--clearmodifiers
See CLEARMODIFIERS

click [options] button
Send a click, that is, a mousedown followed by mouseup for the
given button with a short delay between the two (currently 12ms).

Buttons generally map this way: Left mouse is 1, middle is 2, right
is 3, wheel up is 4, wheel down is 5.

--clearmodifiers
Clear modifiers before clicking. See CLEARMODIFIERS below.

--repeat REPEAT
Specify how many times to click. Default is 1. For a double-
click, use '--repeat 2'

--delay MILLISECONDS
Specify how long, in milliseconds, to delay between clicks.
This option is not used if the --repeat flag is set to 1
(default).

--window WINDOW
Specify a window to send a click to. See "SENDEVENT NOTES"
below for caveats. Uses the current mouse position when
generating the event.

The default, if no window is given, depends on the window
stack. If the window stack is empty the current window is typed
at using XTEST. Otherwise, the default is "%1" (see "WINDOW
STACK").

mousedown [options] button
Same as click, except only a mouse down is sent.

mouseup [options] button
Same as click, except only a mouse up is sent.

getmouselocation [--shell]
Outputs the x, y, screen, and window id of the mouse cursor. Screen
numbers will be nonzero if you have multiple monitors and are not
using Xinerama.

This command updates the window stack with the window id of the
window directly underneath the mouse.

--shell
This makes getmouselocation output shell data you can eval.
Example:

% xdotool getmouselocation --shell
X=880
Y=443
SCREEN=0
WINDOW=16777250

% eval $(xdotool getmouselocation --shell)
% echo $X,$Y
714,324

behave_screen_edge [options] where command ...
Bind an action to events when the mouse hits the screen edge or
corner.

Options are:

--delay MILLISECONDS
Delay in milliseconds before running the command. This allows
you to require a given edge or corner to be held for a short
period before your command will run. If you leave the edge or
corner before the delay expires then the time will reset.

--quiesce MILLISECONDS
Delay in milliseconds before the next command will run. This
helps prevent accidentally running your command extra times;
especially useful if you have a very short --delay (like the
default of 0).

Event timeline

* Mouse hits an edge or corner.
* If delay is nonzero, the mouse must stay in this edge or corner until delay time expires.
* If still in the edge/corner, trigger.
* If quiesce is nonzero, then there is a cool-down period where the next
trigger cannot occur

Valid 'where' values are:

left
top-left
top
top-right
right
bottom-left
bottom
bottom-right

Examples:
# Activate google-chrome when you move the mouse to the bottom-
left corner:
xdotool behave_screen_edge bottom-left \
search --class google-chrome windowactivate

# Go to the next workspace (right). Known to work in GNOME (metacity and compiz)
xdotool behave_screen_edge --delay 500 bottom-right key XF86Forward

# Activate firefox and do a web search in a new tab for text in your clipboard
xdotool behave_screen_edge --delay 1000 top-left \
search --classname Navigator \
windowactivate --sync key --delay 250 ctrl+t ctrl+k ctrl+v Return

WINDOW COMMANDS
search [options] pattern
Search for windows with titles, names, or classes with a regular
expression pattern. The output is line-delimited list of X window
identifiers. If you are using "COMMAND CHAINING", the search
command will only write window ids to stdout if it is the last (or
only) command in the chain; otherwise, it is silent.

The result is saved to the window stack for future chained
commands. See "WINDOW STACK" and "COMMAND CHAINING" for details.

Patterns are POSIX extended regular expressions (ERE), e. g.
"Chrom(e|ium)$" for windows ending in "Chrome" or "Chromium". See
regex(7) for syntax details. Matches are case-insensitive.

The default options are "--name --class --classname --role" (unless
you specify one or more of --name, --class, --classname, or
--role).

The options available are:

--class
Match against the window class.

--classname
Match against the window classname.

--role
Match against the window role.

--maxdepth N
Set recursion/child search depth. Default is -1, meaning
infinite. 0 means no depth, only root windows will be searched.
If you only want toplevel windows, set maxdepth of 1 (or 2,
depending on how your window manager does decorations).

--name
Match against the window name. This is the same string that is
displayed in the window titlebar.

--onlyvisible
Show only visible windows in the results. This means ones with
map state IsViewable.

--pid PID
Match windows that belong to a specific process id. This may
not work for some X applications that do not set this metadata
on its windows.

--screen N
Select windows only on a specific screen. Default is to search
all screens. Only meaningful if you have multiple displays and
are not using Xinerama.

--desktop N
Only match windows on a certain desktop. 'N' is a number. The
default is to search all desktops.

--limit N
Stop searching after finding N matching windows. Specifying a
limit will help speed up your search if you only want a few
results.

The default is no search limit (which is equivalent to '--limit
0')

--title
DEPRECATED. See --name.

--all
Require that all conditions be met. For example:

xdotool search --all --pid 1424 --name "Hello World"

This will match only windows that have "Hello World" as a name
and are owned by pid 1424.

--any
Match windows that match any condition (logically, 'or'). This
is on by default. For example:

xdotool search --any --pid 1424 --name "Hello World"

This will match any windows owned by pid 1424 or windows with
name "Hello World"

--sync
Block until there are results. This is useful when you are
launching an application and want to wait until the application
window is visible. For example:

google-chrome &
xdotool search --sync --onlyvisible --class "google-chrome"

selectwindow
Get the window id (for a client) by clicking on it. Useful for
having scripts query you humans for what window to act on. For
example, killing a window by clicking on it:

xdotool selectwindow windowkill

behave window action command ...
Bind an action to an event on a window. This lets you run
additional xdotool commands whenever a matched event occurs.

The command run as a result of the behavior is run with %1 being
the window that was acted upon. Examples follow after the event
list.

The following are valid events:

mouse-enter
Fires when the mouse enters a window. This is similar to 'mouse
over' events in javascript, if that helps.

mouse-leave
Fires when the mouse leaves a window. This is the opposite of
'mouse-enter'

mouse-click
Fires when the mouse is clicked. Specifically, when the mouse
button is released.

focus
Fires when the window gets input focus.

blur
Fires when the window loses focus.

Examples:

# Print the cursor location whenever the mouse enters a currently-visible
# window:
xdotool search --onlyvisible . behave %@ mouse-enter getmouselocation

# Print the window title and pid whenever an xterm gets focus
xdotool search --class xterm behave %@ focus getwindowname getwindowpid

# Emulate focus-follows-mouse
xdotool search . behave %@ mouse-enter windowfocus

getwindowpid [window]
Output the PID owning a given window. This requires effort from the
application owning a window and may not work for all windows. This
uses _NET_WM_PID property of the window. See "EXTENDED WINDOW
MANAGER HINTS" below for more information.

If no window is given, the default is '%1'. If no windows are on
the stack, then this is an error. See "WINDOW STACK" for more
details.

Example: Find the PID for all xterms:
xdotool search --class xterm getwindowpid %@

getwindowname [window]
Output the name of a given window, also known as the title. This is
the text displayed in the window's titlebar by your window manager.

If no window is given, the default is '%1'. If no windows are on
the stack, then this is an error. See "WINDOW STACK" for more
details.

getwindowgeometry [options] [window]
Output the geometry (location and position) of a window. The values
include: x, y, width, height, and screen number.

--shell
Output values suitable for 'eval' in a shell.

getwindowfocus [-f]
Prints the window id of the currently focused window. Saves the
result to the window stack. See "WINDOW STACK" for more details.

If the current window has no WM_CLASS property, we assume it is not
a normal top-level window and traverse up the parents until we find
a window with a WM_CLASS set and return that window id.

If you really want the window currently having focus and don't care
if it has a WM_CLASS setting, then use 'getwindowfocus -f'

windowsize [options] [window] width height
Set the window size of the given window. If no window is given, %1
is the default. See "WINDOW STACK" and "COMMAND CHAINING" for more
details.

Percentages are valid for width and height. They are relative to
the geometry of the screen the window is on. For example, to make a
window the full width of the screen, but half height:

xdotool windowsize I<window> 100% 50%

Percentages are valid with --usehints and still mean pixel-width
relative to the screen size.

The options available are:

--usehints
Use window sizing hints (when available) to set width and
height. This is useful on terminals for setting the size based
on row/column of text rather than pixels.

--sync
After sending the window size request, wait until the window is
actually resized. If no change is necessary, we will not wait.
This is useful for scripts that depend on actions being
completed before moving on.

Note: Because many window managers may ignore or alter the
original resize request, we will wait until the size changes
from its original size, not necessary to the requested size.

Example: To set a terminal to be 80x24 characters, you would use:
xdotool windowsize --usehints some_windowid 80 24

windowmove [options] [window] x y
Move the window to the given position. If no window is given, %1 is
the default. See "WINDOW STACK" and "COMMAND CHAINING" for more
details.

If the given x coordinate is literally 'x', then the window's
current x position will be unchanged. The same applies for 'y'.

Examples:

xdotool getactivewindow windowmove 100 100 # Moves to 100,100
xdotool getactivewindow windowmove x 100 # Moves to x,100
xdotool getactivewindow windowmove 100 y # Moves to 100,y
xdotool getactivewindow windowmove 100 y # Moves to 100,y

Percentages are valid for width and height. They are relative to
the geometry of the screen the window is on. For example, to make a
window the full width of the screen, but half height:

xdotool windowmove I<window> 100% 50%

--sync
After sending the window move request, wait until the window is
actually moved. If no movement is necessary, we will not wait.
This is useful for scripts that depend on actions being
completed before moving on.

--relative
Make movement relative to the current window position.

windowfocus [options] [window]
Focus a window. If no window is given, %1 is the default. See
"WINDOW STACK" and "COMMAND CHAINING" for more details.

Uses XSetInputFocus which may be ignored by some window managers or
programs.

--sync
After sending the window focus request, wait until the window
is actually focused. This is useful for scripts that depend on
actions being completed before moving on.

windowmap [options] [window]
Map a window. In X11 terminology, mapping a window means making it
visible on the screen. If no window is given, %1 is the default.
See "WINDOW STACK" and "COMMAND CHAINING" for more details.

--sync
After requesting the window map, wait until the window is
actually mapped (visible). This is useful for scripts that
depend on actions being completed before moving on.

windowminimize [options] [window]
Minimize a window. In X11 terminology, this is called 'iconify.'
If no window is given, %1 is the default. See "WINDOW STACK" and
"COMMAND CHAINING" for more details.

--sync
After requesting the window minimize, wait until the window is
actually minimized. This is useful for scripts that depend on
actions being completed before moving on.

windowraise [window_id=%1]
Raise the window to the top of the stack. This may not work on all
window managers. If no window is given, %1 is the default. See
"WINDOW STACK" and "COMMAND CHAINING" for more details.

windowreparent [source_window] destination_window
Reparent a window. This moves the source_window to be a child
window of destination_window. If no source is given, %1 is the
default. "WINDOW STACK" window references (like %1) are valid for
both source_window and destination_window See "WINDOW STACK" and
"COMMAND CHAINING" for more details.

windowclose [window]
Close a window. This action will destroy the window, but will not
try to kill the client controlling it. If no window is given, %1 is
the default. See "WINDOW STACK" and "COMMAND CHAINING" for more
details.

windowquit [window]
Close a window gracefully. This action sends a request, allowing
the application to apply close confirmation mechanics. If no window
is given, %1 is the default. See "WINDOW STACK" and "COMMAND
CHAINING" for more details.

windowkill [window]
Kill a window. This action will destroy the window and kill the
client controlling it. If no window is given, %1 is the default.
See WINDOW STACK and "COMMAND CHAINING" for more details.

windowunmap [options] [window_id=%1]
Unmap a window, making it no longer appear on your screen. If no
window is given, %1 is the default. See "WINDOW STACK" and "COMMAND
CHAINING" for more details.

--sync
After requesting the window unmap, wait until the window is
actually unmapped (hidden). This is useful for scripts that
depend on actions being completed before moving on.

set_window [options] [windowid=%1]
Set properties about a window. If no window is given, %1 is the
default. See "WINDOW STACK" and "COMMAND CHAINING" for more
details.

Options:

--name newname
Set window WM_NAME (the window title, usually)

--icon-name newiconname
Set window WM_ICON_NAME (the window title when minimized,
usually)

--role newrole
Set window WM_WINDOW_ROLE

--classname newclassname
Set window class name (not to be confused with window class)

--class newclass
Set window class (not to be confused with window class name)

--urgency value
Set window urgency hint. If the value is 1, the window will be
marked urgent, and the window manager will somehow highlight it
for the user's attention. If the value is 0, the window will
be marked non-urgent.

--overrideredirect value
Set window's override_redirect value. This value is a hint to
the window manager for whether or not it should be managed. If
the redirect value is 0, then the window manager will draw
borders and treat this window normally. If the value is 1, the
window manager will ignore this window.

If you change this value, your window manager may not notice
the change until the window is mapped again, so you may want to
issue 'windowunmap' and 'windowmap' to make the window manager
take note.

DESKTOP AND WINDOW COMMANDS
These commands follow the EWMH standard. See the section "EXTENDED
WINDOW MANAGER HINTS" for more information.

windowactivate [options] [window]
Activate the window. This command is different from windowfocus: if
the window is on another desktop, we will switch to that desktop.
It also uses a different method for bringing the window up. I
recommend trying this command before using windowfocus, as it will
work on more window managers.

If no window is given, %1 is the default. See "WINDOW STACK" and
"COMMAND CHAINING" for more details.

--sync
After sending the window activation, wait until the window is
actually activated. This is useful for scripts that depend on
actions being completed before moving on.

getactivewindow
Output the current active window. This command is often more
reliable than getwindowfocus. The result is saved to the window
stack. See "WINDOW STACK" for more details.

windowstate [--add PROPERTY] [--remove PROPERTY] [--toggle PROPERTY]
[window]
Change a property on a window.

Some properties may have no effect some windows or in some window
managers.

Properties can be any of:

MODAL - makes the window into a modal
STICKY - makes the window appear on all workspaces
MAXIMIZED_VERT - sizes the window maximized vertically
MAXIMIZED_HORZ - sizes the window maximized horizontally
ABOVE - Show window above all others (always on top)
BELOW - Show window below all others
SKIP_TASKBAR - hides the window from the taskbar
SKIP_PAGER - hides the window from the window pager
FULLSCREEN - makes window fullscreen
HIDDEN - unmaps the window
SHADED - rolls the window up
DEMANDS_ATTENTION - marks window urgent or needing attention

This feature requires a window manager which supports EWMH. Most
window managers probably support this :)

getwindowclassname [window]
Prints the class name for the window.

set_num_desktops number
Changes the number of desktops or workspaces.

get_num_desktops
Output the current number of desktops.

get_desktop_viewport [--shell]
Report the current viewport's position. If --shell is given, the
output is friendly to shell eval.

Viewports are sometimes used instead of 'virtual desktops' on some
window managers. A viewport is simply a view on a very large
desktop area.

set_desktop_viewport x y
Move the viewport to the given position. Not all requests will be
obeyed - some windowmangers only obey requests that align to
workspace boundaries, such as the screen size.

For example, if your screen is 1280x800, you can move to the 2nd
workspace by doing:
xdotool set_desktop_viewport 1280 0

set_desktop [options] desktop_number
Change the current view to the specified desktop.

--relative
Use relative movements instead of absolute. This lets you move
relative to the current desktop.

get_desktop
Output the current desktop in view.

set_desktop_for_window [window] desktop_number
Move a window to a different desktop. If no window is given, %1 is
the default. See "WINDOW STACK" and "COMMAND CHAINING" for more
details.

get_desktop_for_window [window]
Output the desktop currently containing the given window. Move a
window to a different desktop. If no window is given, %1 is the
default. See WINDOW STACK and "COMMAND CHAINING" for more details.

MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS
exec [options] command [...]
Execute a program. This is often useful when combined with
behave_screen_edge to do things like locking your screen.

Options:

--sync
Block until the child process exits. The child process exit
status is then passed to the parent process (xdotool) which
copies it.

Examples:
# Lock the screen when the mouse sits in the top-right corner
xdotool behave_screen_edge --delay 1000 top-right \
exec gnome-screensaver-command --lock
# Substitute 'xscreensaver-command -lock' if you use that program.

# The following will fail to move the mouse because we use '--sync' and
# /bin/false exits nonzero:
xdotool exec --sync /bin/false mousemove 0 0

# This succeeds, though, since we do not use --sync on the exec command.
xdotool exec /bin/false mousemove 0 0

sleep seconds
Sleep for a specified period. Fractions of seconds (like 1.3, or
0.4) are valid, here.

SCRIPTS
xdotool can read a list of commands via stdin or a file if you want. A
script will fail when any command fails.

Truthfully, 'script' mode isn't fully fleshed out and may fall below
your expectations. If you have suggestions, please email the list or
file a bug (See CONTACT).

Scripts can use positional arguments (Represented by $1, $2, ...) and
environment variables (like $HOME or $WINDOWID). Quoting arguments
should work as expected.

Scripts are processed for parameter and environment variable expansion
and then run as if you had invoked xdotool with the entire script on
one line (using COMMAND CHAINING).

• Read commands from a file:

xdotool filename

• Read commands from stdin:

xdotool -

• Read commands from a redirected file

xdotool - < myfile

You can also write scripts that only execute xdotool. Example:

#!/usr/local/bin/xdotool
search --onlyvisible --classname $1

windowsize %@ $2 $3
windowraise %@

windowmove %1 0 0
windowmove %2 $2 0
windowmove %3 0 $3
windowmove %4 $2 $3

This script will take all windows matched by the classname query given
by arg1 ($1) and sizes/moves them into a 2x2 grid with windows sized by
the 2nd and 3rd parameters.

Here's an example usage:

% ./myscript xterm 600 400

Running it like this will take 4 visible xterms, raise them, and move
them into a 2x2 tile grid with each window 600x400 pixels in size.

CLEARMODIFIERS
Any command taking the --clearmodifiers flag will attempt to clear any
active input modifiers during the command and restore them afterwards.

For example, if you were to run this command:
xdotool key a

The result would be 'a' or 'A' depending on whether or not you were
holding the shift key on your keyboard. Often it is undesirable to have
any modifiers active, so you can tell xdotool to clear any active
modifiers.

The order of operations if you hold shift while running 'xdotool key
--clearmodifiers a' is this:

1. Query for all active modifiers (finds shift, in this case)
2. Try to clear shift by sending 'key up' for the shift key
3. Runs normal 'xdotool key a'
4. Restore shift key by sending 'key down' for shift

The --clearmodifiers flag can currently clear of the following:

• any key in your active keymap that has a modifier associated with
it. (See xmodmap(1)'s 'xmodmap -pm' output)

• mouse buttons (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5)

• caps lock

SENDEVENT NOTES
If you are trying to send key input to a specific window, and it does
not appear to be working, then it's likely your application is ignoring
the events xdotool is generating. This is fairly common.

Sending keystrokes to a specific window uses a different API than
simply typing to the active window. If you specify 'xdotool type
--window 12345 hello' xdotool will generate key events and send them
directly to window 12345. However, X11 servers will set a special flag
on all events generated in this way (see XEvent.xany.send_event in
X11's manual). Many programs observe this flag and reject these events.

It is important to note that for key and mouse events, we only use
XSendEvent when a specific window is targeted. Otherwise, we use XTEST.

Some programs can be configured to accept events even if they are
generated by xdotool. Seek the documentation of your application for
help.

Specific application notes (from the author's testing): * Firefox 3
seems to ignore all input when it does not have focus. * xterm can be
configured while running with ctrl+leftclick, 'Allow SendEvents' *
gnome-terminal appears to accept generated input by default.

WINDOW STACK
Certain commands (search, getactivewindow, getwindowfocus) will find
windows for you. These results generally printed to stdout, but they
are also saved to memory for future use during the lifetime of the
xdotool process. See "COMMAND CHAINING" for more information.

The only modifications support for the window stack are to replace it.
That is, two of two sequential searches, only the last one's results
will be the window stack.

COMMAND CHAINING
xdotool supports running multiple commands on a single invocation.
Generally, you'll start with a search command (see "WINDOW STACK") and
then perform a set of actions on those results.

To query the window stack, you can use special notation "%N" where N is
a number or the '@' symbol. If %N is given, the Nth window will be
selected from the window stack. Generally you will only want the first
window or all windows. Note that the order of windows in the window
stack corresponds to the window stacking order, i.e. the bottom-most
window will be reported first (see XQueryTree(3)). Thus the order of
the windows in the window stack may not be consistent across
invocations.

The notation described above is used as the "window" argument for any
given command.

For example, to resize all xterms to 80x24:

xdotool search --class xterm -- windowsize --usehints %@ 80 24

Resize move the current window:

xdotool getactivewindow windowmove 0 0

In all cases, the default window argument, if omitted, will default to
"%1". It is obviously an error if you omit the window argument and the
window stack is empty. If you try to use the window stack and it is
empty, it is also an error.

To activate the first firefox window found:

xdotool search --class firefox windowactivate

These would error:

xdotool windowactivate
xdotool windowactivate %1
xdotool windowactivate %@

When xdotool exits, the current window stack is lost.

Additionally, commands that modify the "WINDOW STACK" will not print
the results if they are not the last command. For example:

# Output the active window:
% xdotool getactivewindow
20971533

# Output the pid of the active window, but not the active window id:
% xdotool getactivewindow getwindowpid
4686

EXTENDED WINDOW MANAGER HINTS
The following pieces of the EWMH standard are supported:

_NET_SUPPORTED
Asks the window manager what is supported

_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP
Query and set the current desktop. Support for this enables these
commands: "set_desktop", "get_desktop".

_NET_WM_DESKTOP
Query and set what desktop a window is living in. Support for this
enables these commands: "set_desktop_for_window",
"get_desktop_for_window".

_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW
Allows you to query and set the active window by asking the window
manager to bring it forward. Support for this enables these
commands: "windowactivate", "getactivewindow".

_NET_WM_PID
This feature is application dependent, not window-manager
dependent. Query the PID owning a given window. Support for this
enables these commands: "getwindowpid".

SUPPORTED FEATURES
xdotool (and libxdo) will try to function under all circumstances.
However, there may be some cases where functionality is not provided by
your X server or by your window manager. In these cases, xdotool will
try to detect and tell you if an action requires a feature not
currently supported by your system.

For window-manager specific features, see "EXTENDED WINDOW MANAGER
HINTS".

XTEST
If your X server does not support XTEST, then some typing and mouse
movement features may not work. Specifically, typing and mouse
actions that act on the "current window" (window 0 in libxdo) are
unlikely to work.

In most cases, XTEST is a feature you can enable on your X server
if it is not enabled by default.

You can see the list of supported X extensions by typing 'xdpyinfo'
and looking the text 'number of extensions: ...'

BUGS
Typing unusual symbols under non-us keybindings is known to
occasionally send the wrong character.

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