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Z80ASM(1) General Commands Manual Z80ASM(1) NAME z80asm - assembler for the Z80 microprocessor SYNOPSIS z80asm [options] [files...] DESCRIPTION Z80asm is an assembler for Z80 assembly. If no input files are speci- fied, stdin is used. If no output file is specified, "a.bin" is used. If "-" is specified as output file, stdout is used. This makes it pos- sible to use the assembler in a pipeline. When multiple input files are specified, the assembler first uses all files which were specified with -i or --input, in the order given. Af- ter that, all files which were specified as non-option arguments are assembled, also in the order given. OPTIONS -h, --help Show summary of options and exit. -V, --version Display version information and exit. -v, --verbose Be verbose. Specify multiple times to be more verbose. Mes- sages are sent to standard error. -l, --list[=filename] Write a list file. No filename or '-' means stderr. -L, --label[=filename] Write a label file. No filename or '-' means stderr. -p, --label-prefix=prefix prefix all labels with this prefix. -i, --input=filename Specify an input file (-i may be omitted). '-' means stdin. -o, --output=filename Specify the output file. '-' or completely omitting the option means stdout. -I, --includepath=dirname Add a directory to the include path. The order in which the di- rectories are tried is from back to front: the last directory specified has the highest priority. "/usr/share/z80asm" is al- ways in the include path (with lowest priority), you don't have to specify it. -f, --force Produce output even in case of errors. Normally the output, list and label files are removed when assembly is unsuccesful. ASSEMBLER DIRECTIVES All mnemonics and registers are case insensitive. All other text (in particular, labels and macros) are not. Undocumented opcodes are as much as possible supported: sll and sli are equal and can both be used. ixh, ixl, iyh and iyl can be used. Assembler directives are: incbin 'filename' Include a binary file into the resulting assembled file. This can be used to include text files, or images, sound files, etc. The filename is searched for in the current directory, and then in the include path, just like for include. Also like for in- clude, the quotes can be any character (but must match) and no substitution is performed (so ~ is not your home directory). defb or db arg, arg, arg, ... Define bytes. defm or dm "String", 'String' Define message. Each character in the string is stored as one byte. Backslash escapes are allowed, as in characters in ex- pressions. Unlike the argument for include, the quotes must re- ally be quotes (but they can be single or double quotes. The closing quote must match the opening quote.) defb/db and defm/dm are really aliases; either can take both quoted strings and numbers: defb "This text should be in a buffer\r\n", 0 defs or ds count [, value] Define space. count bytes are reserved. Each of them is ini- tialised to the specified value, or 0 if no value is specified. defw or dw arg, arg, arg, ... Define words. Each argument is stored as two bytes, the low or- der byte first. end End assembly of this source file. Any remaining lines are copied into the list file (if present), but not assembled. label: equ expression Define label to have value expression. if expression code block 1 else code block 2 else code block 3 ... code block n endif Conditionally assemble code. If expression is not 0, all odd code blocks are assembled, if expression is 0, all even blocks are assembled. Usually only one or two code blocks are present. include 'file' Include file into the source. The quotes around the file for include are mandatory, but you can choose the quotes yourself. eg, you may use % or even a letter as a quote. The filename does not undergo any expansion, so \, ~, $, etc are passed as written (which means ~ will not be your home directory.) The filename is used as specified, and then prefixed with each di- rectory in the include path, until it can be opened. label: macro arg1, arg2, ... code block endif Define a macro. The macro can be used where an opcode is ex- pected. The code block is then substituted, with the given val- ues for the arguments. This is a textual substitution, so the following example is valid: makelabel name label_name: endm This will generate a label with a constructed name (it's not a very useful example, but it shows the possiblities). org address Set the "program counter" to address. This does not add any bytes to the resulting binary, it only determines how the rest of the code is interpreted (in particular, the value of labels and $). seek offset Seek to position offset in the output file. This can be used for overwiting previously assembled code, for example for patch- ing a binary which was included using incbin. EXPRESSIONS All expressions can use the following operators, in order of prece- dence: (a, b and c denote subexpressions) a ? b : c If a is not zero, return b, otherwise c a | b bitwise or a ^ b bitwise xor a & b bitwise and a == b, a = b, a != b equality a <= b, a >= b, a < b, a > b inequality a << b, a >> b bit shift a + b, a - b addition and subtraction a * b, a / b, a % b multiplication, division and modulo ~a, +a, -a bitwise not, no effect and negation ?label 1 if label exists, 0 if it does not. This does not generate an error if label does not exist. Note that this is usually evalu- ated immediately (if the rest of the expression permits), and it does not check if the label is defined later. This means it can be used as the argument of if , to get the functionality of #ifdef in C. (a) parenthesis Literals in expressions may be written as: (case does not matter) @c11 arbitrary base number (specified by 'c' so c+1 == 10: here base is 13) 14, 14d, @914 decimal number 016, 16o, 16q, &o16, @716 octal number 0Eh, 0xE, &hE, $E, @FE hexadecimal number (for the first notations, the first character must be 0-9) %1110, 1110b, &b1110, @11110 binary number 's' ASCII code of 's' '\n', '\r', '\a', '\t' Newline, carriage return, alert, tab '\nnn' Octal ASCII code $ address of first byte of current command LABELS In all expressions, labels may be used. However, there are some ex- pressions where the value must be computable at once, and therefore only previously defined labels may be used. This is the case for: - The argument of org - The argument of seek - The argument of equ (eg, a label definition) - The first argument of ds - The argument of if In all other expressions, labels which are defined later may be used. Labels must consist of letters, digits, underscores and periods, and must not start with a digit. Labels are case sensitive. Labels starting with a period (.) are local , which means their scope is only the current include file or macro definition (and files in- cluded/macros called from it). This is particularly useful for macros, to prevent duplicate definitions when using a macro more than once. EXIT STATUS If assembly was successful, no output is produced (except the result, and messages triggered by --verbose) and 0 is returned. At any error, there is output on the standard error and 1 is returned. NOTES Parts that are not assembled because of an if statement and macros which are defined but never used are only checked to have a correct command. The argument is not parsed. This means that if the file passes through the assembler with no warnings or errors, it may still not assemble correctly in a different setting (where the if's give dif- ferent results). BUGS If you find a bug, or want to send comments, please use the web inter- face at http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/z80asm/ or send an e-mail to wijnen@debian.org. AUTHOR Z80asm was written by Bas Wijnen <wijnen@debian.org>. Some patches were provided by Jan Wilmans <jw@dds.nl> May 10, 2005 Z80ASM(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | ASSEMBLER DIRECTIVES | EXPRESSIONS | LABELS | EXIT STATUS | NOTES | BUGS | AUTHOR
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