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CHROOT(8) System Manager's Manual CHROOT(8) NAME chroot -- change root directory SYNOPSIS chroot [-G group[,group ...]] [-g group] [-u user] [-n] newroot [command [arg ...]] DESCRIPTION The chroot utility changes its current and root directories to the supplied directory newroot and then exec's command with provided arguments, if sup- plied, or an interactive copy of the user's login shell. The options are as follows: -G group[,group ...] Run the command with the specified groups as supple- mentary groups. -g group Run the command with the specified group as the real, effective and saved groups. -u user Run the command with the specified user as the real, effective and saved users. -n Use the PROC_NO_NEW_PRIVS_CTL procctl(2) command be- fore chrooting, effectively disabling SUID/SGID bits for the calling process and its descendants. If security.bsd.unprivileged_chroot sysctl is set to 1, it will make it possible to chroot without superuser privileges. ENVIRONMENT The following environment variable is referenced by chroot: SHELL If set, the string specified by SHELL is interpreted as the name of the shell to exec. If the variable SHELL is not set, /bin/sh is used. EXAMPLES Example 1: Chrooting into a New Root Directory The following command opens the csh(1) shell after chrooting to the stan- dard root directory. # chroot / /bin/csh Example 2: Execution of a Command with a Changed Root Directory The following command changes a root directory with chroot and then runs ls(1) to list the contents of /sbin. # chroot /tmp/testroot ls /sbin SEE ALSO chdir(2), chroot(2), setgid(2), setgroups(2), setuid(2), getgrnam(3), envi- ron(7), jail(8) HISTORY The chroot utility first appeared in AT&T System III UNIX and 4.3BSD-Reno. FreeBSD 15.0 July 25, 2025 CHROOT(8)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | ENVIRONMENT | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | HISTORY
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