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dupd(1) General Commands Manual dupd(1) NAME dupd - find duplicate files SYNOPSIS dupd COMMAND [OPTIONS] DESCRIPTION dupd scans all the files in the given path(s) to find files with dupli- cate content. The sets of duplicate files are not displayed during a scan. Instead, the duplicate info is saved into a database which can be queried with subsequent commands without having to scan all files again. Even though dupd can be used as a simple duplicate reporting tool simi- lar to how other duplicate finders work (by running dupd scan ; dupd report), the real power of dupd comes from interactively exploring the filesystem for duplicates after the scan has completed. See the file, ls, dups, uniques and refresh commands. Additional documentation and examples are available under the docs di- rectory in the source tree. If you don't have the source tree avail- able, see https://github.com/jvirkki/dupd/blob/master/docs/index.md COMMANDS As noted in the synopsis, the first argument to dupd must be the com- mand to run. The command is one of: scan - scan files looking for duplicates report - show duplicate report from last scan file - check for duplicates of one file ls - list info about every file dups - list all duplicate files uniques - list all unique files refresh - remove deleted files from the database validate - revalidate all duplicates in database rmsh - create shell script to delete all duplicates (use with care!) help - show brief usage info usage - show this documentation man - show this documentation license - show license info version - show version and exit OPTIONS scan - Perform the filesystem scan for duplicates. -p, --path PATH Recursively scan the directory tree starting at this path. The path option can be given multiple times to specify multiple di- rectory trees to scan. If no path option is given, the default is to start scanning from the current directory. -m, --minsize SIZE Minimum size (in bytes) to include in scan. By default all files with 1 byte or more are scanned. In practice duplicates in files that small are rarely interesting, so you can speed up the scan by ignoring smaller files. --buflimit LIMIT Limit read buffer size. LIMIT may be an integer in bytes, or in- clude a suffix of M for megabytes or G for gigabytes. The scan animation shows the percentage of buffer space in use (%b). Un- less that value goes up to 100% or beyond during a scan there is no need to adjust this limit. Setting this limit to a low value will constrain dupd memory usage but possibly at a cost to per- formance (depends on the data set). -X, --one-file-system For each path scanned, do not cross over to a different filesys- tem. This is helpful, for example, if you want to scan / but want to avoid any other mounted filesystems such as NFS mounts or external drives. --hidden Include hidden files (and hidden directories) in the scan. By default these are not included. --db PATH Override the default database file location. The default is $HOME/.dupd_sqlite. If you override the path during scan, re- member to provide this argument and the path for subsequent op- erations so the database can be found. -I, --hardlink-is-unique Consider hard links to the same file content as unique. By de- fault hard links are listed as duplicates. See HARD LINKS sec- tion below. Note that if this option is given during scan, it cannot be given during interactive operations. --stats-file FILE On completion, create (or append to) FILE and save some stats from the run. These are the same stats as get displayed in ver- bose mode but are more suitable for programmatic consumption. report - Display the list of duplicates. --cut PATHSEG Remove prefix PATHSEG from the file paths in the report output. This can reduce clutter in the output text if all the files scanned share a long identical prefix. --minsize SIZE Report only duplicate sets which consume at least this much disk space. Note this is the total size occupied by all the dupli- cates in a set, not their individual file size. --format NAME Produce the report in this output format. NAME is one of text, csv, json. The default is text. Note: The database format generated by scan is not guaranteed to be compatible with future versions. You should run report (and all the other commands below which access the database) using the same version of dupd that was used to generate the database. file - Report duplicate status of one file. To check whether one given file still has known duplicates use the file operation. Note that this does not do a new scan so it will not find new duplicates. This checks whether the duplicates identified during the previous scan still exist and verifies (by hash) whether they are still duplicates. --file PATH Required: The file to check --cut PATHSEG Remove prefix PATHSEG from the file paths in the report output. --exclude PATH Ignore any duplicates under PATH when reporting duplicates. This is useful if you intend to delete the entire tree under PATH, to make sure you don't delete all copies of the file. --hardlink-is-unique Ignore the existence of hard links to the file for the purpose of considering whether the file is unique. ls, uniques, dups - List matching files. While the file command checks the duplicate status of a single file, these commands do the same for all the files in a given directory tree. ls - List all files, show whether they have duplicates or not. uniques - List all unique files. dups - List all files which have known duplicates. --path PATH Start from this directory (default is current directory) --cut PATHSEG Remove prefix $PATHSEG from the file paths in the output. --exclude PATH Ignore any duplicates under PATH when reporting duplicates. --hardlink-is-unique Ignore the existence of hard links to the file for the purpose of considering whether the file is unique. refresh - Refreshing the database. As you remove duplicate files these are still listed in the dupd data- base. Ideally you'd run the scan again to rebuild the database. Note that re-running the scan after deleting some duplicates can be very fast because the files are in the cache, so that is the best option. However, when dealing with a set of files large enough that they don't fit in the cache, re-running the scan may take a long time. For those cases the refresh command offers a much faster alternative. The refresh command checks whether all the files in the dupd database still exist and removes those which do not. Be sure to consider the limitations of this approach. The refresh com- mand does not re-verify whether all files listed as duplicates are still duplicates. It also, of course, does not detect any new dupli- cates which may have appeared since the last scan. In summary, if you have only been deleting duplicates since the previ- ous scan, run the refresh command. It will prune all the deleted files from the database and will be much faster than a scan. However, if you have been adding and/or modifying files since the last scan, it is best to run a new scan. validate - Validating the database. The validate operation is primarily for testing but is documented here as it may be useful if you want to reconfirm that all duplicates in the database are still truly duplicates. In most cases you will be better off re-running the scan operation in- stead of using validate. Validate is fairly slow as it will fully hash every file in the data- base. rmsh - Create shell scrip to remove duplicate files. As a policy dupd never modifies the filesystem! As a convenience for those times when it is desirable to automatically remove files, this operation can create a shell script to do so. The output is a shell script (to stdout) which can you run to delete your files (if you're feeling lucky). Review the generated script carefully to see if it truly does what you want! Automated deletion is generally not very useful because it takes human intervention to decide which of the duplicates is the best one to keep in each case. While the content is the same, one of them may have a better file name and/or location. Optionally, the shell script can create either soft or hard links from each removed file to the copy being kept. The options are mutually ex- clusive. --link Create symlinks for deleted files. --hardlink Create hard links for deleted files. Additional global options -q Quiet, suppress all output. -v Verbose mode. Can be repeated multiple times for ever increas- ing verbosity. -V, --verbose-level N Set the logging verbosity level directly to N. -h Show brief help summary. --db PATH Override the default database file location. -F, --hash NAME Specify an different hash function. This applies to any command which uses content hashing. NAME is one of: md5 sha1 sha512 xxhash HARD LINKS Are hard links duplicates or not? The answer depends on "what do you mean by duplicates?" and "what are you trying to do?" If your primary goal for removing duplicates is to save disk space then it makes sense to ignore hardlinks. If, on the other hand, your pri- mary goal is to reduce filesystem clutter then it makes more sense to think of hardlinks as duplicates. By default dupd considers hardlinks as duplicates. You can switch this around with the --hardlink-is-unique option. This option can be given either during scan or to the interactive reporting commands (file, ls, uniques, dups). EXAMPLES Scan all files in your home directory and then show the sets of dupli- cates found: % dupd scan --path $HOME % dupd report Show duplicate status (duplicate or unique) for all files in docs sub- directory: % dupd ls --path docs I'm about to delete docs/old.doc but want to check one last time that it is a duplicate and I want to review where those duplicates are: % dupd file --file docs/old.doc -v Read the documentation in the dupd 'docs' directory or online documen- tation for more usage examples. EXIT dupd exits with status code 0 on success, non-zero on error. SEE ALSO sqlite3(1) https://github.com/jvirkki/dupd/blob/master/docs/index.md dupd(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | COMMANDS | OPTIONS | HARD LINKS | EXAMPLES | EXIT | SEE ALSO
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