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EXPORTS(5) BSD File Formats Manual EXPORTS(5) NAME exports -- define remote mount points for NFS mount requests SYNOPSIS exports DESCRIPTION The exports file specifies remote mount points for the NFS mount protocol per the NFS server specification; see Network File System Protocol Specification, RFC1094, Appendix A and NFS: Network File System Version 3 Specification, Appendix I. Each line in the file (other than comment lines that begin with a #) specifies the mount point(s) and export flags within one local server file system for one or more hosts. A long line may be split over several lines by ending all but the last line with a backslash (`\'). A host may be specified only once for each local file system on the server and there may be only one default entry for each server file system that applies to all other hosts. The latter exports the file system to the ``world'' and should be used only when the file system contains public information. In a mount entry, the first field(s) specify the directory path(s) within a server file system that can be mounted on by the corresponding client(s). There are two forms of this specification. The first is to list all mount points as absolute directory paths separated by white- space. The second is to specify the pathname of the root of the file system followed by the -alldirs flag; this form allows the host(s) to mount at any point within the file system, including regular files if the -r option is used on mountd(8). The pathnames must not have any symbolic links in them and should not have any "." or ".." components. Mount points for a file system may appear on multiple lines each with different sets of hosts and export options. The second component of a line specifies how the file system is to be ex- ported to the host set. The option flags specify whether the file system is exported read-only or read-write and how the client uid is mapped to user credentials on the server. Export options are specified as follows: -maproot=user The credential of the specified user is used for remote ac- cess by root. The credential includes all the groups to which the user is a member on the local machine (see id(1)). The user may be specified by name or number. -maproot=user:group1:group2:... The colon separated list is used to spec- ify the precise credential to be used for remote access by root. The el- ements of the list may be either names or numbers. Note that user: should be used to distinguish a credential containing no groups from a complete credential for that user. -mapall=user or -mapall=user:group1:group2:... specifies a mapping for all client uids (including root) using the same semantics as -maproot. The option -r is a synonym for -maproot in an effort to be backward com- patible with older export file formats. In the absence of -maproot and -mapall options, remote accesses by root will result in using a credential of -2:-2. All other users will be mapped to their remote credential. If a -maproot option is given, remote access by root will be mapped to that credential instead of -2:-2. If a -mapall option is given, all users (including root) will be mapped to that credential in place of their own. The -ro option specifies that the file system should be exported read- only (default read/write). The option -o is a synonym for -ro in an ef- fort to be backward compatible with older export file formats. WebNFS exports strictly according to the spec (RFC 2054 and RFC 2055) can be done with the -public flag. However, this flag in itself allows r/w access to all files in the file system, not requiring reserved ports and not remapping uids. It is only provided to conform to the spec, and should normally not be used. For a WebNFS export, use the -webnfs flag, which implies -public, -mapall=nobody and -ro. Note that only one file system can be WebNFS exported on a server. A -index=file option can be used to specify a file whose handle will be returned if a directory is looked up using the public filehandle (WebNFS). This is to mimic the behavior of URLs. If no -index option is specified, a directory filehandle will be returned as usual. The -index option only makes sense in combination with the -public or -webnfs flags. Specifying the -quiet option will inhibit some of the syslog diagnostics for bad lines in /etc/exports. This can be useful to avoid annoying er- ror messages for known possible problems (see EXAMPLES below). The third component of a line specifies the host set to which the line applies. The set may be specified in three ways. The first way is to list the host name(s) separated by white space. (Standard Internet ``dot'' addresses may be used in place of names.) The second way is to specify a ``netgroup'' as defined in the netgroup file (see netgroup(5)). The third way is to specify an Internet subnetwork using a network and network mask that is defined as the set of all hosts with addresses within the subnetwork. This latter approach requires less overhead within the kernel and is recommended for cases where the export line refers to a large number of clients within an administrative subnet. The first two cases are specified by simply listing the name(s) separated by whitespace. All names are checked to see if they are ``netgroup'' names first and are assumed to be hostnames otherwise. Using the full domain specification for a hostname can normally circumvent the problem of a host that has the same name as a netgroup. The third case is speci- fied by the flag -network=netname and optionally -mask=netmask. If the mask is not specified, it will default to the mask for that network class (A, B or C; see inet(4)). See the EXAMPLES section below. The mountd(8) utility can be made to re-read the exports file by sending it a hangup signal as follows: kill -s HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid` After sending the SIGHUP, check the syslogd(8) output to see whether mountd(8) logged any parsing errors in the exports file. FILES /etc/exports the default remote mount-point file EXAMPLES /usr /usr/local -maproot=0:10 friends /usr -maproot=daemon grumpy.cis.uoguelph.ca 131.104.48.16 /usr -ro -mapall=nobody /u -maproot=bin: -network 131.104.48 -mask 255.255.255.0 /u2 -maproot=root friends /u2 -alldirs -network cis-net -mask cis-mask /cdrom -alldirs,quiet,ro -network 192.168.33.0 -mask 255.255.255.0 Given that /usr, /u and /u2 are local file system mount points, the above example specifies the following: /usr is exported to hosts friends where friends is specified in the net- group file with users mapped to their remote credentials and root mapped to uid 0 and group 10. It is exported read-write and the hosts in ``friends'' can mount either /usr or /usr/local. It is exported to 131.104.48.16 and grumpy.cis.uoguelph.ca with users mapped to their re- mote credentials and root mapped to the user and groups associated with ``daemon''; it is exported to the rest of the world as read-only with all users mapped to the user and groups associated with ``nobody''. /u is exported to all hosts on the subnetwork 131.104.48 with root mapped to the uid for ``bin'' and with no group access. /u2 is exported to the hosts in ``friends'' with root mapped to uid and groups associated with ``root''; it is exported to all hosts on network ``cis-net'' allowing mounts at any directory within /u2. The file system rooted at /cdrom will exported read-only to the entire network 192.168.33.0/24, including all its subdirectories. Since /cdrom is the conventional mountpoint for a CD-ROM device, this export will fail if no CD-ROM medium is currently mounted there since that line would then attempt to export a subdirectory of the root file system with the -alldirs option which is not allowed. The -quiet option will then sup- press the error message for this condition that would normally be sys- logged. As soon as an actual CD-ROM is going to be mounted, mount(8) will notify mountd(8) about this situation, and the /cdrom file system will be exported as intended. Note that without using the -alldirs op- tion, the export would always succeed. While there is no CD-ROM medium mounted under /cdrom, it would export the (normally empty) directory /cdrom of the root file system instead. SEE ALSO netgroup(5), mountd(8), nfsd(8), showmount(8) BUGS The export options are tied to the local mount points in the kernel and must be non-contradictory for any exported subdirectory of the local server mount point. It is recommended that all exported directories within the same server file system be specified on adjacent lines going down the tree. You cannot specify a hostname that is also the name of a netgroup. Specifying the full domain specification for a hostname can normally circumvent the problem. BSD March 29, 1995 BSD
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | FILES | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | BUGS
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