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FLOCK(2) Linux Programmer's Manual FLOCK(2) NAME flock - apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file SYNOPSIS #include <sys/file.h> int flock(int fd, int operation); DESCRIPTION Apply or remove an advisory lock on the open file specified by fd. The argument operation is one of the following: LOCK_SH Place a shared lock. More than one process may hold a shared lock for a given file at a given time. LOCK_EX Place an exclusive lock. Only one process may hold an ex- clusive lock for a given file at a given time. LOCK_UN Remove an existing lock held by this process. A call to flock() may block if an incompatible lock is held by another process. To make a nonblocking request, include LOCK_NB (by ORing) with any of the above operations. A single file may not simultaneously have both shared and exclusive locks. Locks created by flock() are associated with an open file description (see open(2)). This means that duplicate file descriptors (created by, for example, fork(2) or dup(2)) refer to the same lock, and this lock may be modified or released using any of these descriptors. Further- more, the lock is released either by an explicit LOCK_UN operation on any of these duplicate descriptors, or when all such descriptors have been closed. If a process uses open(2) (or similar) to obtain more than one descrip- tor for the same file, these descriptors are treated independently by flock(). An attempt to lock the file using one of these file descrip- tors may be denied by a lock that the calling process has already placed via another descriptor. A process may hold only one type of lock (shared or exclusive) on a file. Subsequent flock() calls on an already locked file will convert an existing lock to the new lock mode. Locks created by flock() are preserved across an execve(2). A shared or exclusive lock can be placed on a file regardless of the mode in which the file was opened. RETURN VALUE On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately. ERRORS EBADF fd is not an open file descriptor. EINTR While waiting to acquire a lock, the call was interrupted by de- livery of a signal caught by a handler; see signal(7). EINVAL operation is invalid. ENOLCK The kernel ran out of memory for allocating lock records. EWOULDBLOCK The file is locked and the LOCK_NB flag was selected. CONFORMING TO 4.4BSD (the flock() call first appeared in 4.2BSD). A version of flock(), possibly implemented in terms of fcntl(2), appears on most UNIX systems. NOTES Since kernel 2.0, flock() is implemented as a system call in its own right rather than being emulated in the GNU C library as a call to fc- ntl(2). With this implementation, there is no interaction between the types of lock placed by flock() and fcntl(2), and flock() does not de- tect deadlock. (Note, however, that on some systems, such as the mod- ern BSDs, flock() and fcntl(2) locks do interact with one another.) In Linux kernels up to 2.6.11, flock() does not lock files over NFS (i.e., the scope of locks was limited to the local system). Instead, one could use fcntl(2) byte-range locking, which does work over NFS, given a sufficiently recent version of Linux and a server which sup- ports locking. Since Linux 2.6.12, NFS clients support flock() locks by emulating them as byte-range locks on the entire file. This means that fcntl(2) and flock() locks do interact with one another over NFS. Since Linux 2.6.37, the kernel supports a compatibility mode that al- lows flock() locks (and also fcntl(2) byte region locks) to be treated as local; see the discussion of the local_lock option in nfs(5). flock() places advisory locks only; given suitable permissions on a file, a process is free to ignore the use of flock() and perform I/O on the file. flock() and fcntl(2) locks have different semantics with respect to forked processes and dup(2). On systems that implement flock() using fcntl(2), the semantics of flock() will be different from those de- scribed in this manual page. Converting a lock (shared to exclusive, or vice versa) is not guaran- teed to be atomic: the existing lock is first removed, and then a new lock is established. Between these two steps, a pending lock request by another process may be granted, with the result that the conversion either blocks, or fails if LOCK_NB was specified. (This is the origi- nal BSD behavior, and occurs on many other implementations.) SEE ALSO flock(1), close(2), dup(2), execve(2), fcntl(2), fork(2), open(2), lockf(3) Documentation/filesystems/locks.txt in the Linux kernel source tree (Documentation/locks.txt in older kernels) COLOPHON This page is part of release 3.74 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/. Linux 2014-09-21 FLOCK(2)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ERRORS | CONFORMING TO | NOTES | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON
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