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MAN(1) BSD General Commands Manual MAN(1) NAME man -- format and display the on-line manual pages SYNOPSIS man [-adfhkotw] [-m machine] [-p string] [-M path] [-P pager] [-S list] [section] name ... DESCRIPTION Man formats and displays the on-line manual pages. This version knows about the MANPATH and PAGER environment variables, so you can have your own set(s) of personal man pages and choose whatever program you like to display the formatted pages. If section is specified, man only looks in that section of the manual. You may also specify the order to search the sections for entries and which preprocessors to run on the source files via command line options or environment variables. If enabled by the system administrator, formatted man pages will also be compressed with the `/usr/bin/gzip -c' command to save space. The options are as follows: -M path Specify an alternate manpath. By default, man uses manpath(1) (which is built into the man binary) to determine the path to search. This option overrides the MANPATH envi- ronment variable. -P pager Specify which pager to use. By default, man uses more -s. This option overrides the PAGER environment variable. -S list List is a colon separated list of manual sections to search. This option overrides the MANSECT environment variable. -a By default, man will exit after displaying the first manual page it finds. Using this option forces man to display all the manual pages that match name, not just the first. -d Don't actually display the man pages, but do print gobs of debugging information. -f Equivalent to whatis. -h Print a help message and exit. -k Equivalent to apropos. -m machine As some manual pages are intended only for specific architec- tures, man searches any subdirectories, with the same name as the current architecture, in every directory which it searches. Machine specific areas are checked before general areas. The current machine type may be overridden using this option or by setting the environment variable MACHINE to the name of a specific architecture. This option overrides the MACHINE environment variable. -o Look for original, non-localized manpages only. By default, man searches for a localized manpage in a set of locale subdirectories of each manpath(1) component. Locale name is taken from the first of three environment variables with a nonempty value: LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, or LANG, in the specified order. If the value could not be determined, or is not a valid lo- cale name, then only non-localized manpage will be looked up. Otherwise, man will search in the following subdirectories, in the order of precedence: _lang___country_._charset_ _lang_._charset_ en._charset_ For example, for "de_DE.ISO8859-1" locale, man will search in the following subdirectories of the /usr/share/man manpath component: /usr/share/man/de_DE.ISO8859-1 /usr/share/man/de.ISO8859-1 /usr/share/man/en.ISO8859-1 Finally, if the search of localized manpage fails, it will be looked up in the default /usr/share/man directory. -p string Specify the sequence of preprocessors to run before nroff or troff. Not all installations will have a full set of pre- processors. Some of the preprocessors and the letters used to designate them are: eqn (e), grap (g), pic (p), tbl (t), vgrind (v), refer (r). This option overrides the MANROFFSEQ environment variable. -t Use /usr/bin/groff -S -man to format the manual page, passing the output to stdout. The output from /usr/bin/groff -S -man may need to be passed through some filter or another before being printed. -w Don't actually display the man pages, but do print the loca- tion(s) of the files that would be formatted or displayed. ENVIRONMENT LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LANG These variables specify the preferred language for manual pages. (See the -o option above.) MACHINE If MACHINE is set, its value is used to override the current machine type when searching machine specific subdirectories. MANPATH If MANPATH is set, its value is used as the path to search for manual pages. MANROFFSEQ If MANROFFSEQ is set, its value is used to determine the set of preprocessors run before running nroff or troff. By de- fault, pages are passed through the table preprocessor before nroff. MANSECT If MANSECT is set, its value is used to determine which man- ual sections to search. PAGER If PAGER is set, its value is used as the name of the program to use to display the man page. By default, more -s is used. EXAMPLES Normally, to look at the relevant manpage information for getopt, one would use: man getopt However, when referring to a specific section of the manual, such as getopt(3), one would use: man 3 getopt SEE ALSO apropos(1), groff(1), manpath(1), more(1), whatis(1), man(7), mdoc(7) BUGS The -t option only works if the troff(1)-like program is installed. BSD January 5, 1991 BSD
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | ENVIRONMENT | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | BUGS
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